The official Australian casualty statistics suffered by the men of the Australian Imperial Force in the First World War are seriously wrong, with significant inaccuracies and omissions. Groundbreaking research exhaustively examining over 12,000 individual soldiers' records has revealed that hospitalisations for wounding, illness and injury suffered by men of the AIF are five times greater than officially acknowledged today. Why has it taken nearly one hundred years for this to come to light? Was it a conspiracy to suppress the toll, incompetence of Australia's official war historians Bean and Butler, or was it simply the unquestioning acceptance of the official record? You are invited on the journey in this book to find the truth. The findings are startling and will rewrite Australia's casualty statistics of the First World War. Lest we forget.

This book presents a philosophical history of Tasmania's past and present with a particular focus on the double stories of genocide and modernity. On the one hand, proponents of modernisation have sought to close the past off from the present, concealing the demographic disaster behind less demanding historical narratives and politicised preoccupations such as convictism and environmentalism. The second story, meanwhile, is told by anyone, aboriginal or European, who has gone to the archive and found the genocidal horrors hidden there. This volume blends both stories. It describes the dual logics of genocide and modernity in Tasmania and suggests that Tasmanians will not become more realistic about the future until they can admit a full recognition of the colonial genocide that destroyed an entire civilisation, not much more than 200 years ago.

This volume is the first to explore the vibrant history of Magna Carta in Aotearoa New Zealand's legal, political and popular culture. Readers will benefit from in-depth analyses of the Charter's reception along with explorations of its roles in regard to larger constitutional themes. The common thread that binds the collection together is its exploration of what the adoption of a medieval charter as part of New Zealand's constitutional arrangements has meant - and might mean - for a Pacific nation whose identity remains in flux. The contributions to this volume are grouped around three topics: remembrance and memorialization of Magna Carta; the reception of the Charter by both Maori and non-Maori between 1840 and 2015; and reflection on the roles that the Charter may yet play in future constitutional debate. This collection provides evidence of the enduring attraction of Magna Carta, and its importance as a platform of constitutional aspiration.

World War II in the Pacific lasted forty-five months and caused tens of thousands of battle casualties. This reference features a sweeping array of topics that go beyond battles and hardware and addresses everything from high policy-making, grand strategy and the significant persons and battles in the conflict, to the organization of Allied and Japanese divisions, aircraft, armor, artilllery, psychological warfare, warships and the home fronts. This book provides an overall view enabling the reader to grasp the true nature of such a widespread conflict. Essential reading for students, scholars, military buffs and historians.

On March 1, 1954, the US military detonated "Castle Bravo," its most powerful nuclear bomb, at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Two days later, the US military evacuated the Marshallese to a nearby atoll where they became part of a classified study, without their consent, on the effects of radiation on humans. In Radiation Sounds Jessica A. Schwartz examines the seventy-five years of Marshallese music developed in response to US nuclear militarism on their homeland. Schwartz shows how Marshallese singing draws on religious, cultural, and political practices to make heard the deleterious effects of US nuclear violence. Schwartz also points to the literal silencing of Marshallese voices and throats compromised by radiation as well as the United States' silencing of information about the human radiation study. By foregrounding the centrality of the aural and sensorial in understanding nuclear testing's long-term effects, Schwartz offers new modes of understanding the relationships between the voice, sound, militarism, indigeneity, and geopolitics.

Captain James Cook is one of the most recognisable in Australian history - an almost mythic figure who is often discussed, celebrated, reviled and debated. But who was the real James Cook? The name Captain James Cook is one of the most recognisable in Australian history - an almost mythic figure who is often discussed, celebrated, reviled and debated. But who was the real James Cook? This Yorkshire farm boy would go on to become the foremost mariner, navigator and cartographer of his era, and to personally map a third of the globe. His great voyages of discovery were incredible feats of seamanship and navigation. Leading a crew of men into uncharted territories, Cook would face the best and worst of humanity as he took himself and his crew to the edge of the known world - and beyond. With his masterful storytelling talent, Peter FitzSimons brings James Cook to life. Focusing on his most iconic expedition, the voyage of the Endeavour, where Cook first set foot on Australian and New Zealand soil, FitzSimons contrasts Cook against another figure who looms large in Australasian history: Joseph Banks, the aristocratic botanist. As they left England, Banks, a rich, famous playboy, was everything that Cook was not. The voyage tested Cook's character and would help define his legacy. Now, 240 years after James Cook's death, FitzSimons reveals what kind of man James was at heart. His strengths, his weaknesses, his passions and pursuits, failures and successes. JAMES COOK reveals the man behind the myth.

In See How We Roll Melinda Hinkson follows the experiences of Nungarrayi, a Warlpiri woman from the Central Australian desert, as she struggles to establish a new life for herself in the city of Adelaide. Banished from her hometown, Nungarrayi energetically navigates promises of transformation as well as sedimented racialized expectations on the urban streets. Drawing on a decades-long friendship, Hinkson explores these circumstances through Nungarrayi's relationships: those between her country and kin that sustain and confound life beyond the desert, those that regulate her marginalized citizenship, and the new friendships called out by displacement and metropolitan life. An intimate ethnography, See How We Roll provides great insight into the enduring violence of the settler colonial state while illuminating the efforts of Indigenous people to create lives of dignity and shared purpose in the face of turbulence, grief, and tightening governmental controls.

Emotions are not universal, but are experienced and expressed in diverse ways within different cultures and times. This overview of the history of emotions within nineteenth-century British imperialism focuses on the role of the compassionate emotions, or what today we refer to as empathy, and how they created relations across empire. Jane Lydon examines how empathy was produced, qualified and contested, including via the fear and anger aroused by frontier violence. She reveals the overlooked emotional dimensions of relationships constructed between Britain, her Australasian colonies, and Indigenous people, showing that ideas about who to care about were frequently drawn from the intimate domestic sphere, but were also developed through colonial experience. This history reveals the contingent and highly politicised nature of emotions in imperial deployment. Moving beyond arguments that emotions such as empathy are either 'good' or 'bad', this study evaluates their concrete political uses and effects.

Much has been written about the forging of a British identity in the 17th and 18th centuries, from the multiple kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. But the process also ran across the Irish sea and was played out in North America and the Caribbean. In the process, the indigenous peoples of North America, the Caribbean, the Cape, Australia and New Zealand were forced to redefine their identities. This text integrates the history of these areas with British and imperial history. With contributions from both sides of the Atlantic, each chapter deals with a different aspect of British encounters with indigenous peoples in Colonial America and includes, for example, sections on "Native Americans and Early Modern Concepts of Race" and "Hunting and the Politics of Masculinity in Cherokee treaty-making, 1763-1775". This book should be of particular interest to postgraduate students of Colonial American history and early modern British history.

Consent of the People: Human Dignity through Freedom and Equality 1966-2021 explores how Australia's founding Enlightenment ideals were embodied in democratic institutions and shared values, and shaped into a unique national liberalism. Despite intense partisan loyalties, a politics of unequal power, and conservative and radical resistance, inequality was addressed and personal freedom strengthened. This final book in David Kemp's landmark five-volume Australian Liberalism series examines the role of liberal ideals in the legacies of prime ministers from Harold Holt to Malcolm Turnbull and the significance of challenges to the liberal project arising in response to the pandemic of 2020-21.It shows how reform urgency led to the nation's greatest political crisis in 1975, how prime ministers Fraser and Hawke struggled to manage an economy dominated by powerful union, business and global interests, how during seventeen crucial years Keating and Howard led one of the nation's greatest reform eras, and how social reform continued despite the leadership instability of the post-Howard era. In Consent of the People Kemp assesses political parties as the instruments of reform, highlighting the dangers of factionalism and loss of purpose. He examines how an international revival of liberal thought and rising levels of education revolutionised Australian society and politics, creating a moral-and moralistic-ruling class. In a remarkable half-century, Australian political parties and their leaders contested the impacts of government policies on personal freedom, on the distribution of political influence and power, and on wealth and opportunity. Throughout this period, Australians strove, with growing success, to achieve their dreams.

There are few Aboriginal icons in white Australian history. From the explorer to the pioneer, the swagman to the drover's wife, Europeans predominate. Perhaps the only exception is the redoubtable tracker who, with skills passed down by generation after generation for over 65,000 years, read the signs and traced the movement of people across the land. The saviour of many and cursed by the wayward, trackers live in the collective memory as one of the few examples where Aboriginal people's skills were sought after in colonial society. In New South Wales alone, thousands of Aboriginal men and a smaller number of women toiled for the authorities post-1862, tracking the lost and confused, seeking out the thieves and their ill-gotten booty and bringing criminals to justice. More often than not the role of tracker went unacknowledged. Little about the complexity and diversity of their work is known, how it grew out of traditional society and was sustained by the vast family networks of Aboriginal families that endure to this day. Pathfinders brings the work of trackers to the forefront of New South Wales law enforcement history, ensuring their contribution is properly acknowledged.

This compelling narrative recounts the eighteenth and nineteenth century "shipping out" of Pacific Islanders aboard European and American vessels, a kind of "counter-exploring", that echoed the ancient voyages of settlement of their island ancestors. The author weaves numerous local, regional and national accounts into a single narrative that builds to a history of cross-cultural contact. Based on an exhaustive search and summary of primary source material, the work shows that non-Europeans played a dynamic role in the integration of the world economy and the many forms of acculturation that ensued. Chappell explains the significance of "shipping out" as a world history phenomenon and demonstrates that European expansion was a two-sided process involving a variety of participants.

'A fine beginning for those intent on understanding the colonial past that shaped black and white Australia.' - Richard Broome, author of Aboriginal Australians Terrible Hard Biscuits introduces the main themes in the history of Aboriginal Australia: the complexity of Aboriginal-European relations since 1788, how Aboriginal identity and cultures survived invasion, dispossession and dislocation, and how indigenous Australians have survived to take their place in today's society.Each essay in Terrible Hard Biscuits has been chosen for the clarity of its writing and for its depth of understanding. The Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal authors range across Australia's post-invasion history and their accounts focus on the more traditionally oriented communities in remote areas as well as on urban and fringe dwellers.For twenty years the journal Aboriginal History has attracted the best writing on Australia's Aboriginal past. Each essay in Terrible Hard Biscuits was selected from this journal to provide essential reading for students of Aboriginal studies and Australian studies. The chronological and geographic range of the contents will prove invaluable in surveying a crucial element of Australia's past - and present.

From 1960 to 1990, islands across the Pacific gained independence or self-government. In the years following this, Ian Johnstone and Michael Powles interviewed the Pacific people in key leadership positions in the lead-up to and achievement of independence.

Sir Ernest Edward 'Weary' Dunlop was the type of rare individual who inspires others to impossible feats by example. Born and raised in Victoria, Australia, he qualified as a pharmacist and surgeon. When World War II broke out, he was appointed a surgeon to the Emergency Medical Unit, spending time in Greece and Africa before he was transferred to Java. As commanding officer and surgeon in the POW camps of the Japanese, he became a legend to thousands of Allied prisoners whose lives were saved with meager medical supplies. In those camps, at great personal risk, he recorded the deprivation and despair of the men under his command. When Weary's secret War Diaries were published in 1986, they became a best seller overnight and Sue Ebury's biography, written with his total cooperation, was released with similar success in 1994, ten months after he died. New information and time to consider the impact of Weary's life on Australian society, in schools, institutions and homes across the nation, have showed a need for this new, illustrated edition. This is new, fully updated illustrated edition of the 1994 bestseller. Original biography was written with the full cooperation of its subject. It covers Weary's remarkable life from his early childhood and medical training, to his experiences as a prisoner of war on the notorious Thai-Burma railway, to his later distinguished career as a surgeon and humanitarian. It features 100 black and white images throughout the text, including photographs, maps and drawings.

Australia's most eminent judge was regarded as the greatest exponent of the common law of his generation anywhere in the world. Through his private diaries, the author gives the text a strong sense of momentum, interiority and continuing drama. He focuses on the most interesting cases and involves the reader closely regarding his trips and wartime.

This definitive account explores the treaties made between white settlers and Aboriginal people in Australia and the different ways in which the two groups interpreted those acts of possession. Questions such as "Why were these agreements forged?" "How did the Aborigines understand the terms of the agreements?" and "On what basis did whites claim to be the rightful owners of the land?" are thoroughly discussed as well as the ways the settlers rewrote history to remove mention of the destruction and displacement of the Aborigines.

This study provides a cultural history of Australia and nuclear power. The author examines the country's role as a nuclear test site, the aspirations of the nation toward the postwar nuclear club, its deference to the demands of Britain and the United States, and the complex discourses of Australian society surrounding nuclear power.

On March 1, 1954, the U.S. exploded a hydrogen bomb at Bikini in the South Pacific. The fifteen-megaton bomb was a thousand times more powerful than the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, and its fallout spread far beyond the official "no-sail" zone the U.S. had designated. Fishing just outside the zone at the time of the blast, the Lucky Dragon #5 was showered with radioactive ash. Making the difficult voyage back to their homeport of Yaizu, twenty-year-old Oishi Matashichi and his shipmates became ill from maladies they could not comprehend. They were all hospitalized with radiation sickness, and one man died within a few months. The Lucky Dragon #5 became the focus of a major international incident, but many years passed before the truth behind U.S. nuclear testing in the Pacific emerged. Late in his life, overcoming social and political pressures to remain silent, Oishi began to speak about his experience and what he had since learned about Bikini. His primary audience was schoolchildren; his primary forum, the museum in Tokyo built around the salvaged hull of the Lucky Dragon #5. Oishi's advocacy has helped keep the Lucky Dragon #5 incident in Japan's national consciousness.

For Socialists and many liberals, the Soviet Union of the 1920s-1940s was the site of the great Socialist Experiment. Most Australians who travelled there wrote about their extraordinary experiences, and the recent opening of the Soviet archives gave access to the Soviets' reactions to their visitors. Collecting the research of leading historians and writers, Political Tourists explores Soviet tourism through figures such as Eric Ashby, RM Crawford, Reg Ellery, Neill Greenwood, Esmonde Higgins, Katharine Susannah Prichard, Betty Roland and Jessie Street. Drawing on both Australian and Soviet archives, this is a unique insight into the Soviet experience in the 1920s-1940s.

" The 1943 invasion of Bougainville, largest and northernmost of the Solomon Islands, and the naval battles during the campaign for the island, contributed heavily to the defeat of the Japanese in the Pacific War. Here Harry Gailey presents the definitive account of the long and bitter fighting that took place on that now all-but-forgotten island. A maze of swamps, rivers, and rugged hills overgrown with jungle, Bougainville afforded the Allies a strategic site for airbases from which to attack the Japanese bastion of Rabaul. By February of 1944 the Japanese air strength at Rabaul had indeed been wiped out and their other forces there had been isolated and rendered ineffective. The early stages of the campaign were unique in the degree of cooperation among Allied forces. The overall commander, American Admiral Halsey, marshaled land, air, and naval contingents representing the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. Unlike the other island campaigns in the Pacific, the fighting on Bougainville was a protracted struggle lasting nearly two years. Although the initial plan was simply to seize enough area for three airbases and leave the rest in Japanese hands, the Australian commanders, who took over in November 1944, decided to occupy the entire island. The consequence was a series of hard-fought battles that were still going on when Japan's surrender finally brought them to an end. For the Americans, a notable aspect of the campaign was the first use of black troops. Although most of these troops did well, the poor performance of one black company was greatly exaggerated in reports and in the media, which led to black soldiers in the Pacific theater begin relegated to non-combat roles for the remainder of the war. Gailey brings again to life this long struggle for an island in the far Pacific and the story of the tens of thousands of men who fought and died there.

In 'Ohu'ohu na Mauna o 'E'eka: Place Names of Maui Komohana, author Cody Kapueola'akeanui Pata gathers together over 1,600 inoa 'aina (place name) entries for Maui Komohana-an area of less than 200 square miles. This region has also come to be known as "West Maui." For Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians), inoa 'aina have always served to encode and relay meaningful information across space and time, from one generation to the next. Inoa 'aina continue to be revered as inseparable from genealogies, individual and collective narratives, mele (poetic verse), and prayers, and they persist into modern times as cherished and sacred legacies deserving of deference and appreciation. The content for 'Ohu'ohu na Mauna o 'E'eka: Place Names of Maui Komohana was compiled from dozens of maps, nineteenth- and twentierth-century Hawaiian and English language newspapers, mele, online databases, numerous print publications, recordings of Kanaka Maoli speakers of the Maui Komohana region, and information provided directly to the author by his elders, masters, and mentors. Whether one is a genealogical descendant of Maui Komohana, a practitioner of 'oihana Hawai'i (Hawaiian professions), or any other manner of scholar, this book is meant to be a resource for all researchers who wish to delve deeper into the toponymy of Maui Komohana.

A. W. Martin is best known as biographer of Sir Henry Parkes, Father of Federation, and Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest serving prime minister. Martin, Foundation Professor of History at La Trobe University, Melbourne, brought a deep and insightful understanding to Australia's history in both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This volume brings together a major essay on Parkes and several significant studies of particular aspects of Menzies' long career. It includes notable analyses of the development of historical research in Australia. Especially important is an undoubted classic, 'The ""Whig"" View of Australian History'. These essays demonstrate the range and depth of Martin's considerable scholarship, and illustrate why he is rightly acknowledged as a central figure in the mid-twentieth-century development of research in Australian history.