In the last part of the twentieth century, the human sciences witnessed three paradigmatic turns' that made it possible to comprehend each individual discipline in the light of a unitary object of study, the text: the pragmatic turn within linguistics, the linguistic turn within historical and cultural studies, and the cultural turn within literary studies. Combined with the more comprehensive nature of the texts studied (the mass media, postcolonial studies, etc.), reflection on the theoretical approach is more important today than ever as a means of interdisciplinary practice across both disciplines and languages. Most of the contributions in this book were originally presented at a conference on Disciplines and Interdisciplinarity in Foreign Language Studies. The conference took place at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, 19-20 September 2003 and was organised by The Language and Culture Network. Founded in 2002, the network promotes interdisciplinary collaboration between the traditional branches of Foreign Language Studies.

With its unique month-by-month organisation, this is the most structured grammar revision and practice book on the market. One book covers AS and A2, and covers all topics in the Student Book in the order they are taught. Students can see at a glance what they have to learn and when. This book provides an ideal way of ensuring students keep up with the essential grammar they need for AS and A Level.

Dieser Tagungsband dokumentiert Besonderheiten der Translation literarischer Werke aus kultureller, historischer und linguistischer Perspektive. Die UEbersetzungsvorschlage verdeutlichen, wie es den namhaften oder weniger bekannten UEbersetzern (Wolf von Aichelburg, Ruth Herrfurth, Helene Maugsch-Draghiciu, Hermine Pilder-Klein, St. O. Iosif, Nora Iuga) gelungen ist, formal-stilistische oder lautliche Eigenheiten bedeutender Autoren (Lucian Blaga, George Topirceanu, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Schiller) bei der UEbertragung zu bewahren und wertvolle literarische Zeugnisse zu vermitteln. Gelungene deutsche und rumanische Lyrik- und Prosaubertragungen, biografische Einfuhrungen und Werkdarstellungen zeitgenoessischer Gegenwartsautoren (Filip Florian, Franz Hodjak, Nora Iuga, Radu Vancu, Joachim Wittstock) aus dem rumanischen und deutschen Kulturraum runden den Band ab.

Das Thema des Buches befasst sich mit diachronischer Syntaxforschung. Speziell geht es um klitische und nichtklitische Objektpronomen bei Infinitivkomplementen. Das Thema wird im Grenzbereich zwischen Morphologie und Syntax behandelt. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle die klitischen Objektpronomen fur die Struktur von Infinitivkonstruktionen spielen. Die Infinitivkonstruktionen im Altfranzoesischen weisen eine systematisch andere Distribution als die im Altitalienischen auf. Insbesondere meidet das Altfranzoesische geradezu, Objektklitika mit Infinitiven zu kombinieren. Erst im Mittelfranzoesischen kommen Objektklitika regular bei Infinitiven vor. Damit beginnen die Infinitivkonstruktionen, eine vergleichbare Distribution aufzuweisen wie altitalienische Infinitivstrukturen. In diesem Buch wird dieses Phanomenbundel strukturtheoretisch im Rahmen der generativen Grammatik erklart.

Many stylebooks and manuals explain writing, but before the release ten years ago of Elsie Myers Stainton's "The Fine Art of Copyediting, " few addressed the practices and problems of editing. This handbook has guided users through the editing process for books and journals, with tips on how to be diplomatic when recommending changes, how to edit notes and bibliographies, how to check proofs, and how to negotiate the ethical, intellectual, and emotional problems characteristic of the editorial profession. Now featuring solid advice on computer editing and a new chapter on style, as well as more information on references, bibliographies, indexing, and bias-free writing, "The Fine Art of Copyediting, Second Edition" offers the same wealth of information that prompted William Safire to commend the first edition in "The New York Times Magazine."

Complete with helpful checklists for the manuscript, proof, and index stages of book production, as well as an excellent bibliography of reference works useful to the copyeditor, "The Fine Art of Copyediting, Second Edition" is an indispensable desk reference for writers and editors confronting a host of questions each day. Why use the word "people" instead of "persons?" What precautions are necessary for publishers to avoid libel suits? How can an editor win an author's trust? What type fonts facilitate the copyediting process? How does computer editing work? For experienced and novice copyeditors, writers and students, this is the source for detailed, step-by-step guidance to the entire editorial process.

T. H. Robinson's Paradigms and exercises in Syriac Grammar was first published in 1915 to meet the need for 'something of an elementary nature which should be of value to the student who takes up Syriac for the first time'. Since then, the book has met this need for generations of students. The fifth edition of 2002 remains the grammar of choice for many teachers of Syriac classes as well as for students learning by themselves. The present revision, drawing on ten more years of university teaching experience and students' comments, clarifies some of the grammatical explanations and exercises. Improvements to the fonts and a larger format make for easier reading. As before, the West Syriac script and grammatical tradition are followed in the body of the lessons, and appendices introduce reading in the other (estrangela and Eastern) scripts. The book remains a plain and friendly introduction to this important language.

Mehrsprachige Menschen verfugen uber die Fahigkeit, mitten in einer AEusserung von einer Sprache in die andere zu wechseln. Dieses sogenannte Codeswitching wird von der Forschung inzwischen als systemhafte kommunikative Ressource anerkannt, deren Untersuchung interessante Einblicke in den Prozess der Sprachverarbeitung gibt. Diese Arbeit zeigt die Besonderheiten phraseologischer Mehrwortverbindungen im bilingualen Diskurs aus einer neuen Perspektive. Sie erlautert am Beispiel von Gesprachen deutscher Emigranten in die USA, welche Regelmassigkeiten beim Codeswitching im Kontext von Phrasemen sichtbar werden und erklart, wie sich Sprachmischungsphanomene an der Schnittstelle zwischen Syntax und Lexikon in die aktuelle Diskussion zu Mehrsprachigkeit und Sprachverarbeitung einbetten lassen.

This 1999 reference grammar, written for advanced students of French, their teachers, and others who want a better understanding of the French language, combines the best of modern and traditional approaches. Its objective is not only practical mastery of the language, but familiarity with its structure. Taking into account modern linguistic research, Advanced French Grammar approaches the French language primarily through the study of syntactic structures, but without excessive emphasis on formalism. It provides a generous number of examples, based on the author's own experience of teaching French to English-speakers, to help the student to understand the different meanings of apparently similar syntactic alternatives. The norms of 'correct expression' are given together with current usage and deviations, and appendixes provide information on the 1990 spelling reforms and on numbers. A substantial index of French and English words and of topics provides easy access to the text itself.

Die Autorin untersucht die Einflusse der bundesdeutschen Sprache auf die oesterreichische (Presse-)Sprache. Sie zeigt, welche Funktionen bundesdeutsches Wortgut im oesterreichischen Deutsch erfullt und wie aus der produktiven Verwendung bundesdeutscher Elemente neue Ausdrucksmoeglichkeiten entstehen. Das Buch stutzt sich auf die erste gross angelegte korpuslinguistische Untersuchung zu diesem Thema und erganzt die Forschung zum Verhaltnis oesterreichisches/bundesdeutsches Deutsch um eine weitere Facette. Damit dient es auch als Grundlage fur weitere Studien.

Master the words and phrases necessary for handling everyday situations

"Practice Makes Perfect: German Vocabulary" helps you develop your vocabulary by providing practice in word-building and encouraging you to analyze new words for an ever-increasing vocabulary. Each chapter of this comprehensive book focuses on a theme, such as family or travel, so you can build your language skills in a systematic manner. As you lay the foundation for an increasing vocabulary, you are able to perfect your new words with plenty of exercises and gain the confidence to communicate well in German.

"Practice Makes Perfect: German Vocabulary" offers you: More than 250 exercises Concise grammatical explanations A new chapter on contemporary vocabulary An answer key to gauge your comprehension

With help from this book, you can easily speak or write in German about:
Different occupations and jobs * German holidays and traditions * Taking the train * Growing your own garden * Where it hurts on your body * Your house * Your family and friends * What you studied in school * Your favorite TV show * Your family's background . . . and much more

Dieses Buch untersucht die Integration der vorangestellten Adverbialsatze im Neuhochdeutschen anhand eines Korpus, das die Nahe-Distanz-Dimension systematisch berucksichtigt. Die Analyse liefert Ergebnisse zum - in der Forschung bislang weitgehend vernachlassigten - Bereich der konzeptionellen Mundlichkeit: Im Hinblick auf die Anbindung vorangestellter Adverbialsatze bestehen relevante Unterschiede zwischen konzeptionell mundlichen und konzeptionell schriftlichen Texten. Es wird zudem aufgezeigt, dass die integrative Stellung im Korpus in der Gesamtschau nicht den frequentesten Stellungstyp darstellt. Eine zentrale Bedeutung kommt dem Parameter der Inhaltsrelation bei der Frage nach der historischen Entwicklung der Verteilung der einzelnen Varianten zu.

Innovative games promote learning through play - the proven path to success in school. At last Dorling Kindersley quality is available in a new group of games designed for the younger set. Full-color photos and bold graphics plus traditional and original, specially created games make these the playthings children will return to again and again.Silly Sentences: Grammar skills practice for the early elementary grades.

Este volumen nace en el marco del grupo de investigacion VETERM de la Universidad de Verona, cuyo objetivo es describir los vocabularios especializados en las areas tematicas de la Gastronomia, la Enologia y la Nutricion. Es, asimismo, el resultado del Congreso Internacional "Terminologia, traduccion y comunicacion especializada", celebrado en Verona en octubre de 2007, en el que se reunieron eminentes especialistas, algunos de los cuales colaboran en este libro. El objetivo prioritario de esta obra es, por un lado, subrayar la importancia de la comunicacion especializada y sus terminologias y, por otro, abrir un espacio para la reflexion teorica y analizar, desde diferentes disciplinas y perspectivas, los varios ambitos de estudio relacionados con la transferencia del conocimiento.

Reading Medieval Latin is an anthology of Medieval Latin texts, arranged chronologically and thematically with introductions, commentaries and a vocabulary of nonclassical words and meanings. It is a language textbook, designed to introduce students with one year or more of Latin to the Latin writing and culture of the period A.D. 550-1200. It is the only systematic introduction for students to all types of Medieval Latin writing.

." . . In Diagramming the Scriptures. . . the curriculum starts with the simple sentence, adds precept upon precept until the learner is able to master complex sentences. . . As each concept is introduced, the student has plenty of practice, followed by quizzes, and later a cumulative test over the entire text. As an educator, a homeschool parent, and a tutor I see this curriculum as an excellent choice for a homeschool, a Christian school classroom, or for an individual of any age who is interested in studying grammar or God's Word, word by word." Deana Haines, Families for Home Education Executive Director ." . .I am quite pleased to recommend your book to college professors as an excellent addition to their basic texts in teaching English grammar. . . Since your examples and exercises utilize Bible sentences, your book is also a valuable asset to the study of hermeneutics." Jim Anderson, Chancellor, Midwestern Baptist College, SBC "Diagramming the Scriptures is a unique way to help focus the Bible student on the words and meanings of Scripture. I commend Shirley Forsen for providing this excellent book and recommend it to all who desire to "go deeper" in their study of God's Word." Dr John A Hash, Bible Pathway Ministries ." . .I recommend Diagramming the Scriptures to all scholars to clarify interpretations of all books and to all teachers of grammar." Glada Kelley, retired teacher and librarian ." . .The best and unique part of Miss Forsen's book is that Bible verses are used for the examples and exercises. This teaches the student an important aspect of "rightly dividing the word of truth": understanding how the structure of the verse influences its meaning. Diagramming the Scriptures teaches necessary skills, both educational and spiritual." Laura Blunk, college freshman

Reading Latin, first published in 1986, is a bestselling Latin course designed to help mature beginners read classical Latin fluently and intelligently. It does this in three ways: it encourages the reading of continuous texts from the start; it offers generous help with translation at every stage; and it integrates the learning of classical Latin with an appreciation of the influence of the Latin language upon English and European culture from antiquity to the present. The Text and Vocabulary, richly illustrated, consists at the start of carefully graded adaptations from original classical Latin texts. The adaptations are gradually phased out until unadulterated prose and verse can be read. The accompanying Grammar and Exercises volume completes the course by supplying all the grammatical help needed, and the second edition has been fully revised and updated. It has also been extensively redesigned to make it clearer and easier to navigate.

Published through the Recovering Languages and Literacies of the Americas initiative, supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. A Native American language formerly spoken in hundreds of communities in the interior of California, Patwin (also known as Wintun T'ewe) is now spoken by a small but growing number of language revitalizationists and their students. A Grammar of Patwin brings together two hundred years of word lists, notebooks, audio recordings, and manuscripts from archives across the United States and synthesizes this scattered collection into the first published description of the Patwin language. This book shines a light on the knowledge of past speakers and researchers with a clear and well-organized description supported by ample archival evidence. Lewis C. Lawyer addresses the full range of grammatical structure with chapters on phonetics, phonology, nominals, nominal modifiers, spatial terms, verbs, and clauses. At every level of grammatical structure there is notable variation between dialects, and this variation is painstakingly described. An introductory chapter situates the language geographically and historically and also gives a detailed account of previous work on the language and of the archival materials on which the study is based. Throughout the process of writing this book, Lawyer remained in contact with Patwin communities and individuals, who helped to ensure that the content is appropriate from a cultural perspective.

Aus dem Inhalt: Eva Neuland: Entwicklungen und Perspektiven der Jugendsprachforschung. Zur Einfuhrung - Margot Heinemann: Vier internationale Fachkonferenzen zur Jugendsprachforschung - Ruckblick und Ausblick - Klaus Zimmermann: Jugendsprache, Generationenidentitat und Sprachwandel - Eva Neuland/Stephan Martin/Sonja Watzlawik: Sprachgebrauch und Spracheinstellungen Jugendlicher in Deutschland: Forschungskonzept - Datengrundlage - Auswertungsperspektiven - Wolfgang Bachofer: Charakteristika der deutschen Jugendsprache(n) - Charakteristika der gesprochenen deutschen Umgangssprache - Franoise Gadet: Youth language in France: forms and practices - Uta Helfrich: « Jugendsprache in Frankreich: Erkenntnisse und Desiderata - Lorenz Hofer: « Exgusi - Easy Jugendliche Ausdrucksweisen in einer diglossischen Sprachsituation in einem mehrsprachigen Land - am Beispiel einer Stilisierung in einem Theaterstuck von Jugendlichen - Natalia Filatkina: Phraseologismen in der Sprache der Jugendlichen (am Beispiel des Luxemburgischen) - Mirja Saari: Anfang einer gemischten Sprache? Beobachtungen uber den Sprachgebrauch der schwedischsprachigen Jugendlichen in Helsinki - Connie Eble: Cultural Stereotypes in US University Slang - Anne Menis: Australian Youth Language. Recent Studies and the potential of graffiti as a new approach - Pornsan Watananguhn: Jugendsprache in Thailand - Jianhua Zhu: Jugendlicher Sprachgebrauch in kontrastiver Sicht: Deutsch-Chinesisch - Manabu Watanabe: Deutsche und japanische Jugendsprachen - Uberlegungen fur eine kontrastive Analyse - Sinaida Fomina: Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in der Sprache der deutschen und russischen Jugendlichen - Laura Freimane: Vergleich derdeutschen und lettischen Jugendsprache - Vineta Ernstsone: Die lettische Jugendsprache in den 80er und 90er Jahren - Peter Schlobinski: Lexikographie und Lexikologie in der Jugendsprachforschung - Ioan Lazarescu: Schwierigkeiten bei der Erstellung eines deutsch-rumanischen Worterbuchs der Jugendsprache - Natalia Vasiljeva: Inoffizieller Namengebrauch in der russischen Jugendsprache und seine lexikographische Darstellung - Galina Kramorenko: Lexikologische Betrachtungen zur deutschen Jugendsprache - Hilke Elsen: Sonderlexik Jugend? - Kathrin Kunkel-Razum: Jugendsprache im Duden-Universalworterbuch - Ernest W. B. Hess-Luttich: Sprachwandel im Spiegel der Alternativpresse von Jugend-Subkulturen in Osterreich und der Schweiz - Jannis Androutsopoulos: Jugendliche Schreibstile in der Netzkommunikation: zwei Gastebucher im Vergleich - Jan Berns: « Ich geb' dir gleich 'n battle - Sprachliche Initiation innerhalb deutscher Hip-Hop Kultur - Martin Hartung: Beobachtungen zur Peer Group-Kommunikation unter Jugendlichen - Milos Chovan: Kommunikative Praktiken in Peergroups: Analysen und Vergleiche - Rebecca Branner: Mode und Korpergestaltung in scherzhaften Provokationen von Madchen - Inken Keim/Ibrahim Cindark: Deutsch-turkischer Mischcode in einer Migrantinnengruppe: Form von « Jugendsprache oder soziolektales Charakteristikum? - Volker Hinnenkamp: Sprachalternieren - ein virtuoses Spiel? Zur Alltagssprache von Migrantenjugendlichen - Marlies Reinke: Jugendliche als Internet-Nutzer - Carmen Spiegel: Jugendliche diskutieren im Unterricht. Jugendsprachliche Elemente bei der Argumentationseinubung im Deutschunterricht - Eva Neuland: Jugendsprachen - Perspektiven fur den Unterricht.Deutsch als Muttersprache und Deutsch als Fremdsprache - Almut Hoppe/Katharina Romeikat/Susanne Schutz: Jugendsprache: Anregungen fur den Deutschunterricht - Jurgen Baurmann: Jugendsprachen im Schulbuch - Maria Lukjantschikowa: Jugendsprache im DaF-Lehrwerk fur Jugendliche - Natalia Matarykina: Kontrastive Ubungen zur Jugendsprache im DaF-Unterricht: 'Disco-Deutsch' - 'Disco-Russisch'.

Spanish Grammar Made Easy is the ideal introduction to the basics of Spanish grammar for anyone new to the language or looking to refresh their knowledge. This second edition features: concise and jargon-free explanations supported by examples exercises throughout to reinforce learning a 'fast-track' option for more advanced learners a full answer key, making the Grammar ideal for self-study. Spanish Grammar Made Easy presents the essential patterns and rules of the Spanish language in a clear and accessible manner. It is the ideal Grammar for those wishing to supplement their learning and move beyond the phrasebook level.

Updated and revised with more examples and expanded discussions, this second edition continues the aim of providing teachers with a solid understanding of the use and function of grammatical structures in American English. The book avoids jargon and presents essential grammatical structures clearly and concisely. Dr. DeCapua approaches grammar from a descriptive rather than a prescriptive standpoint, discussing differences between formal and informal language, and spoken and written English. The text draws examples from a wide variety of authentic materials to illustrate grammatical concepts. The many activities throughout the book engage users in exploring the different elements of grammar and in considering how these elements work together to form meaning. Users are encouraged to tap into their own, often subconscious, knowledge of grammar to consciously apply their knowledge to their own varied teaching settings. The text also emphasizes the importance of understanding grammar from the perspective of English language learners, an approach that allows teachers to better appreciate the difficulties these learners face. Specific areas of difficulties for learners of English are highlighted throughout.

Our national language, and the culture from which it has formed, is the rightful inheritance of all English-speaking people. It deserves to be taught with knowledge and respect. English is now spoken, also, by more than 500 million people around the world. They need the opportunity to learn to speak and write it confidently, and correctly. Grammar provides a language to talk about language. As a mechanic needs naming words for the parts of an engine, so a student needs naming words for the components of speech and writing. This practical book provides all who learn or teach Grammar with these skills in a clear step-by-step process. It provides teachers with an armoury of learning strategies to use at all levels. Grammar should be fun to teach and fun to learn.