A Student Grammar of German is an invaluable reference guide for undergraduates and other intermediate and advanced students. Written with the needs of the learner very much in mind, it sets out the grammar of the language in as clear and jargon-free way as possible. Each chapter starts with an overview of the main grammatical terminology and concepts; these terms are also cross-referenced in the glossary at the end of the book. To provide a visual guide through each chapter, the main points in each section are highlighted, and tables summarise important patterns. 'Tip' boxes, which help the student to master particular points, are scattered through the text. Every point has numerous illustrative examples, each with its translation, carefully chosen from a wide range of printed and electronic media books, newspapers, magazines, film, and chat-rooms to reflect contemporary usage across a range of registers.

A Student Grammar of Turkish is a concise introduction to Turkish grammar, designed specifically for English-speaking students and professionals. Written with the needs of the learner very much in mind, it sets out the grammar of the language in a clear and jargon-free style. The book not only explains the fundamentals of the grammar, but also tests students' understanding in an interactive way with more than 200 exercises. Key grammar points are summarised in tables and there are numerous illustrative examples. A list of grammatical terms used in the book and a key to all the exercises are also provided. This essential grammar and exercise book can be used as a supplement for students studying the language, with a dual function as a reference guide to look up grammar points, and as a resource from which exercises can be set and language skills practised.

A Student Grammar of Turkish is a concise introduction to Turkish grammar, designed specifically for English-speaking students and professionals. Written with the needs of the learner very much in mind, it sets out the grammar of the language in a clear and jargon-free style. The book not only explains the fundamentals of the grammar, but also tests students' understanding in an interactive way with more than 200 exercises. Key grammar points are summarised in tables and there are numerous illustrative examples. A list of grammatical terms used in the book and a key to all the exercises are also provided. This essential grammar and exercise book can be used as a supplement for students studying the language, with a dual function as a reference guide to look up grammar points, and as a resource from which exercises can be set and language skills practised.

Do you want to communicate easily and freely in Norwegian?Master Norwegian grammar and broaden your vocabulary with your very own Norwegian Tutor. This contemporary interactive workbook features 200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points with clear goals, concise explanations, and real-world tasks. By studying and practicing Norwegian grammar you'll understand how the language really works and be able to speak Norwegian with clarity and ease. What will I learn?The Norwegian Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook covers a comprehensive range of the most useful and frequent grammar and vocabulary in Norwegian. You can follow along unit by unit, or dip in and dip out to address your weak areas. As you progress, you will be introduced to new vocabulary and combine it with the grammar to complete extensive exercises. You will then practice the language through authentic reading and writing practice. You will achieve a solid upper intermediate level* of Norwegian grammar. Is this course for me?The Norwegian Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook can be used as a standalone course or as a complement to any other Norwegian course. It offers extensive practice and review of essential grammar points and vocabulary and skills building. The personal tutor element points out exceptions and gives tips to really help you perfect your Norwegian. What do I get?This Norwegian workbook offers a range of clear and effective learning features:-200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points-Unique visuals and infographics for extra context and practice-Personal tutor hints and tips to help you to understand language rules and culture points-Learn to learn section offers tips and advice on how to be a good language learner25 short learning units each contain:-communication goals to guide your studies-grammar explanations with extensive exercises-vocabulary presentations and activities-reading and writing sections to consolidate your learning*This workbook maps from Novice High to Advanced Mid level proficiency of ACTFL (American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages) and from A2 Beginner to B2 Upper Intermediate level of the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) guidelines. What other courses are available?For further study and practice, see Get Started in Norwegian (ISBN 9781473612709) and Complete Norwegian: Teach Yourself (ISBN 9781444107203). Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.

Korean Reader for Chinese Characters will help students of Korean master basic Chinese characters that are frequently encountered in everyday situations. More than five hundred characters are targeted in exercises that aid in the efficient study of the forms, meanings, and sounds of individual characters and their compounds. Although the primary goal of the Reader is recognition of basic Chinese characters, students are encouraged to learn to write them properly by inclusion of a section on stroke order. The Reader is also designed to reinforce skills in reading and writing in Korean while studying Chinese characters. Forty lessons are preceded by an introductory chapter on the principles of Chinese character formation and reading and writing characters and followed by appendices on stroke order, English translations of the main reading text of each lesson, and an index of characters. The lessons are organized into seven parts: new characters, reading text, glossary, notes, new words in characters, more words in characters, and exercises. After every fifth lesson, there is a section reviewing all the characters introduced in the preceding five lessons.

Este libro presenta un panorama general de la estratificacion social del habla madrilena. Se propone una aproximacion a la dinamica linguistica de la ciudad a traves del analisis de un conjunto de variables fonicas, lexicas, morfosintacticas y pragmaticas que se describen e interpretan desde los principios de la sociolinguistica cuantitativa. La investigacion se desarrolla a partir de dos corpus de habla, uno del distrito de Salamanca y otro de Vallecas, dos distritos muy diferenciados socioeconomica y linguisticamente. Desde su estudio, Madrid se revela como una ciudad linguisticamente heterogenea, con un nucleo social que dirige las nuevas tendencias y lidera los cambios linguisticos. Ese nucleo, caracteristicamente conservador, se encuentra rodeado de colectivos de diverso origen que, tradicionalmente asentados en las areas perifericas de la ciudad, van asimilandose a la comunidad de habla movidos por su deseo de integracion y de ascenso. El uso que hacen de la lengua es su principal marca identitaria, un uso que moldean de acuerdo a sus deseos y posibilidades de movilidad en la escala social.

Originally published in 1932, this volume was created to provide a comprehensive guide to the rules of French syntax which could be used from Lower School right through to Sixth Form, thus enabling a greater degree of continuity in the learning experience. The book is divided into three parts: part I consists of a short syntax, including many examples of conversational usage; part II contains exercises and connected passages based on the different sections of the syntax; and part III comprises English prose pieces for translation into French, together with a general vocabulary to the exercises, connected passages, and prose pieces. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in linguistics and the history of pedagogy.

Hammer is known as the best and most authoritative grammar on the German language, and the essential reference for all students at intermediate level and beyond An improved layout to make grammar explanations simpler and easier to find Full of examples to highlight grammar points

Help your students impress examiners with authentic and sophisticated phrases. This second edition of the bestselling A Level Italian vocabulary reference book provides idiomatic phrases drawn from real sources such as newspapers, magazines and websites to ensure the most accurate and authentic language. - Covers key vocabulary in thematic sections and with distinctions between levels of difficulty from AS to A2 - Easy for students to reference and search ahead of exams with topics matched to latest exam specifications - Ensure students know the latest phrases and idioms with new entries for the latest development in communications and technology - Increase students' repertoire with lists of synonyms - Have the latest information at their fingertips with updated lists of current web addresses Vocabulary available online at Vocab Express, an interactive learning application . Visit www.vocabexpress.co.uk/hodder for more information.

Thomas Kerchever Arnold's Practical Introduction to Greek Prose Composition first appeared in 1838 and was reprinted in several editions due to popular demand, being adopted as a textbook in leading public schools. Ordained as a priest in 1827 after graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1821, Arnold had studied both theology and classics, and wrote prolifically on both subjects. His first school textbook was published in 1836 and others followed steadily until his death in 1853. One of the chief merits of Arnold's classical publications was his use of contemporary works of German scholarship, to which he readily acknowledged his debt. He produced, alongside Latin and Greek textbooks, grammars of English, French, German, Italian, and Hebrew, and editions of many Greek and Latin authors. This introduction was designed to provide students with the basic tools with which to construct sentences and includes exercises on syntax and a vocabulary index.

Thomas Kerchever Arnold's Practical Introduction to Latin Prose Composition first appeared in 1839 and was reprinted in several editions due to popular demand, being adopted as a textbook in leading public schools. Ordained as a priest in 1827 after graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1821, Arnold had studied both theology and classics, and wrote prolifically on both subjects. His first school textbook was published in 1836 and others followed steadily until his death in 1853. One of the chief merits of Arnold's classical publications was his use of contemporary works of German scholarship, to which he readily acknowledged his debt. He produced, alongside Latin and Greek textbooks, grammars of English, French, German, Italian, and Hebrew, and editions of many Greek and Latin authors. This introduction was designed to provide students with the basic tools with which to construct sentences and includes exercises on syntax and a vocabulary index.

A Reference Grammar of Spanish is a comprehensive handbook on the structure of the Spanish language. Keeping technical terminology to a minimum, it provides a detailed yet clear point of reference on all the intricacies of Spanish grammar, covering word order, parts of speech, verb use, syntax, gender, number, alphabet, and pronunciation. Accompanied by a wealth of carefully chosen examples, it looks at Spanish in Iberia, the USA, Mexico, and Argentina, and demonstrates the differences between these varieties. It is designed specifically with English-speaking learners in mind, and contains useful tools such as a glossary of terms, an index, and a detailed examination of different registers of the language. Clearly structured and systematically organised, this volume is set to become the standard guide to the grammar of contemporary Spanish, and will be an invaluable resource for teachers and students, as well as a practical supplement to textbooks and classroom study.

A Reference Grammar of Spanish is a comprehensive handbook on the structure of the Spanish language. Keeping technical terminology to a minimum, it provides a detailed yet clear point of reference on all the intricacies of Spanish grammar, covering word order, parts of speech, verb use, syntax, gender, number, alphabet, and pronunciation. Accompanied by a wealth of carefully chosen examples, it looks at Spanish in Iberia, the USA, Mexico, and Argentina, and demonstrates the differences between these varieties. It is designed specifically with English-speaking learners in mind, and contains useful tools such as a glossary of terms, an index, and a detailed examination of different registers of the language. Clearly structured and systematically organised, this volume is set to become the standard guide to the grammar of contemporary Spanish, and will be an invaluable resource for teachers and students, as well as a practical supplement to textbooks and classroom study.

Thomas K. Arnold's Practical Introduction to Latin Prose Composition was first published in 1839, and was later edited and revised by George Granville Bradley (1821-1903) of University College, Oxford. This graduated and systematic approach to elements of Latin grammar and syntax has been the reference of choice for both teachers and students ever since, and has been revised, updated and redesigned several times. The book reissued here is a companion volume, first published by Bradley in 1881, which contains answers to all the exercises in Arnold's classic textbook. Long out of print, the Key provides model Latin solutions to all the exercises, as well as pedagogical footnotes and cross-references. A valuable resource for all instructors who use Bradley's Arnold, it will also be helpful to students wishing to write more accurately in Latin.

Johann Jakob Hemmer, Hofkaplan des pfalzischen Kurfursten Carl Theodor in Mannheim, hat theologische Schriften aus dem Franzoesischen ubersetzt, sprachwissenschaftliche Arbeiten verfasst, Franklins Blitzableiter weiterentwickelt, physikalische und medizinische Forschungen besonders zur Elektrizitat und ihrer Wirkung betrieben, Klimatologie, Meteorologie und Astronomie gefoerdert und sich als Dichter betatigt. Zumindest seine naturwissenschaftliche Forschungstatigkeit war von den Prinzipien der Aufklarung bestimmt. Sein wissenschaftliches Werk ist bisher meist nur an naturwissenschaftlichen Einzelbeispielen untersucht worden. Die Beitrage des Bandes wollen alle Aspekte seiner Arbeit berucksichtigen, besonders aber seine sprachwissenschaftlichen Leistungen darstellen. Das Buch enthalt die um zwei Aufsatze erweiterten Referate, die auf dem Symposium zum 80. Geburtstag des Germanisten Gerhard Bauer im Juni 2009 gehalten wurden, das die Academia Domitor und das Landesmuseum fur Technik und Arbeit/Technoseum Mannheim veranstaltet hat.

"Learn to Read Greek "is a text and workbook for students beginning the study of Ancient Greek. It is the companion volume to the authors' "Learn to Read Latin, "published in 2004. Like its Latin predecessor, it has a grammar-based approach and is intended for students who have a serious interest in learning the language. The text and workbook include carefully chosen vocabularies and extensive vocabulary notes; clear and complete presentations of all necessary morphology and syntax; large numbers of drills and drill sentences; and abundant unabridged sample passages""from a variety of Greek authors and texts.

This book provides the student of Russian with an in-depth, structured approach to the learning of vocabulary. Containing over 5000 words, it can be used for intermediate and advanced undergraduate courses, or as a supplementary manual at all levels - including elementary level - to the study of Russian vocabulary. It is made up of eighteen units covering topics such as the physical world, the human body, leisure, and industry - each unit consisting of words and phrases that are organized thematically and according to levels. Each unit contains approximately sixty graded exercises, encouraging students to practise using the vocabulary in context, and providing a lively and engaging set of self-study tasks. Helping students to acquire a comprehensive control of both concrete and abstract vocabulary, this book will be welcomed by all learners of Russian wishing to improve their competence in essential communicative tasks, and will function as an invaluable teaching resource.

Old Church Slavonic, the language of the religious texts translated by Saints Cyril and Methodius for the use of the Slavonic-speaking people of Central Europe in the early Middle Ages, later to become the literary language of medieval Russia and other East European countries, is a basic component of Modern Standard Russian. This is an elementary grammar of the language for readers of English. No previous knowledge of a Slavonic language or of philology or linguistics is assumed, and the essential points are explained with the minimum of technical terms. After a brief historical introduction, the sound system and its representation by the alphabets are described. The declensions and conjugations are then set out clearly with examples. The syntax is treated more fully than in other grammars of the language, and should be of particular help to the student, as it includes many examples which can be used as reading material or as the basis for exercises. A selection of reading passages is included, together with a full glossary.

Do you believe that Ring Around the Rosie refers to the Black Death? Or that Eskimos have 50 (or 500) words for "snow"? Or that "Posh" is an acronym for "Port Out, Starboard Home"? If so, you badly need this book. In Word Myths, David Wilton debunks some of the most spectacularly wrong word histories in common usage, giving us the real stories behind many linguistic urban legends.
Readers will discover the true history behind such popular words and expressions such as "rule of thumb," "the whole nine yards," "hot dog," "raining cats and dogs," "chew the fat," "AWOL," "under the weather," "in like Flynn," "Dixie," "son of a gun," "tinker's damn," and many more. We learn that SOS was not originally an acronym for "Save Our Ship" or "Save Our Souls," but was chosen because the morse code signal (3 dots, 3 dashes, 3 dots) was easy to send and recognize. Also, "let the cat out of the bag" does not refer to the whip (the "cat") used to punish sailors aboard ship. The term "upset" (to defeat unexpectedly) does not date from the horse race when the heavily favored Man O' War was beaten by a nag named Upset (Upset was the only horse ever to defeat Man O' War, but the word predates the race by half a century). And Thomas Crapper did not invent the flush toilet, nor do the words "crap" or "crapper" derive from his name.
As Wilton quashes these word myths, he offers us the best of both worlds: not only do we learn the many wrong stories behind these words, we also learn why and how they were created--and what the real story is. "Think 'hot dog' was coined by a New York baseball vendor, or that a certain vulgarity originated as an acronym? Then you need to read this book, which shows that some of the best etymological stories are just tall tales." --Chicago Tribune (10 Best Books About Language, 2004)
"Most everything you know about word and phrase origins is likely to be wrong, and David Wilton proves it with a light touch and a wealth of fascinating case histories. Absolutely everyone with an interest in language will love this book." --J.E. Lighter, Editor, Historical Dictionary of AmericanSlang

Sponsored by the Department of Classics of Harvard University, a revised edition of the late Professor Smyth's A Greek Grammar for Colleges is now available. All necessary corrections have been made, and the book retains the form which has long made it the most complete and valuable work of its kind. In this descriptive grammar the author offers a treatment of Greek syntax which is exceptionally rich as well subtle and varied.

This is a guide to Korean language usage for students who have already acquired the basics of the language and wish to extend their knowledge and organise accumulated bits of information into a comprehensive picture. It is designed to promote the fluency and accuracy vital to effective communication, provides excellent coverage of proverbs, idioms, and sound symbolism, is tailored to the needs of the English-speaking user, and will be invaluable to anyone requiring up-to-date guidance on points of grammar and vocabulary. Unlike conventional grammars, it highlights those areas of vocabulary and grammar which cause most difficulty to English speakers. Special attention is given throughout the book to the appropriateness of different language styles in various situational contexts. Clear, readable, and easy to consult, it is essential for all those who wish to take their Korean beyond the beginner's level.