Der Band vereinigt die Beitrage eines Reihen-Seminars zum Thema "Pradikative Strukturen in Theorie und Text(en)", das von der Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, der Jagellonen-Universitat Krakow und der Universitat Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 getragen wurde. Die Autoren untersuchen die Begrifflichkeit, wie sie in verschiedenen Beschreibungsansatzen in der deutschen Grammatik zur Anwendung kommt. Daneben werden Problematiken zuganglich gemacht, mit denen sich die nationalen (germanistischen) Grammatiken auseinandersetzen. Die Grenzen eines engen Pradikatsbegriffs werden uberschritten, wenn pradikative Relationen auf verschiedenen Ebenen angesetzt werden. Den textuellen Verwendungen bestimmter pradikativer Muster kommt dabei ein besonderer Stellenwert zu.

Originally published in 1907, as the revised edition of an 1893 original, this informative and engaging textbook sets out to contain and explicate all of the elements of English grammar. Primarily aimed at secondary school students, this book condenses and synthesizes the most important information, recognising and demonstrating throughout 'how much the half is greater than the whole'. Notably, 'a good supply of sentences for correction has been added to the concluding chapters on syntax' and questions appear at the end of each chapter to reinforce learning. Most questions have been chosen from Cambridge and Oxford Local Examination Papers and papers from the Royal College of Preceptors. Chapters are broad in scope; chapter headings include, 'Inflexion of nouns', 'Auxiliary and defective verbs' and 'Syntax of verbs'. This book will be of considerable value to anyone with an interest in the history of the English language and the history of education.

This book offers a comprehensive investigation into advanced students' knowledge of vocabulary in their L1 and L2. As a cross-sectional study, it examines the quantitative aspects of students' vocabulary knowledge through parallel tests of upper secondary level vocabulary, specialised vocabulary, and advanced vocabulary in both their L1 and L2. It also, primarily in qualitative terms, investigates students' L1 and L2 knowledge of polysemous words, lexical fields of near synonyms and false friends. Knowledge of derivative forms, idioms, proverbs, idiomatically used prepositions and multi-word verbs offer insights into both the breadth and depth of students' L1 and L2 vocabulary knowledge. Finally, it considers the extent to which students' results can be attributed to differences between inferencing skills in their L1 and L2. In each subfield, the pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed. This book will be of interest to teachers and researchers focusing on the teaching and learning of vocabulary.

The Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation offers accessible and coherent explanations across a broad range of topics, and is an excellent first port of call for any reader seeking clear, authoritative help with grammar and punctuation. Incorporating hundreds of examples of real usage taken from the Oxford English Corpus, this handy volume contains more than 300 alphabetically-arranged entries, including standard grammatical terms such as active voice, conjunction, pronoun, synonym, and transitive verb. It also discusses related questions of usage, including how to distinguish between 'may or might', 'that or which', and 'it's or its'. Over 30 feature entries on major headwords like adverb, clause, and spelling include diagrams listing related terms. The A-Z has been fully revised and updated, and the structure and approach has been revisited to improve its accessibility, including clearer typographical conventions, and the reintroduction of the easy-to-use two-colour format found in early editions. Major headwords have been made (where possible) shorter and easier to navigate, and all sample sentences have been revised, replacing those that are out of date and adding new ones where needed. Readers of all levels will find this volume to be an essential tool for writing at home, in the office, at school, and at college.

A Student Grammar of German is an invaluable reference guide for undergraduates and other intermediate and advanced students. Written with the needs of the learner very much in mind, it sets out the grammar of the language in as clear and jargon-free way as possible. Each chapter starts with an overview of the main grammatical terminology and concepts; these terms are also cross-referenced in the glossary at the end of the book. To provide a visual guide through each chapter, the main points in each section are highlighted, and tables summarise important patterns. 'Tip' boxes, which help the student to master particular points, are scattered through the text. Every point has numerous illustrative examples, each with its translation, carefully chosen from a wide range of printed and electronic media books, newspapers, magazines, film, and chat-rooms to reflect contemporary usage across a range of registers.

Learning a foreign language is much easier when it is approached with a knowledge of language structure ('grammar'), but many students find grammar mystifying. This text explains points of grammar straightforwardly using examples from several widely-studied languages, including English, so that students can see how the same principles work across different languages, and how the structures of different languages correspond both formally and functionally. The use of concrete examples makes grammar less abstract and easier to grasp, allowing students to relate what they are learning to knowledge that they already possess unconsciously; it simultaneously brings that knowledge up to a conscious level.

This pioneering piece of research on the situated study of language issues in the context of forced migration provides interdisciplinary insights into language as learned, used and lived by 12 Congolese refugees in Norway. It offers an innovative contribution to the field of SLA by bringing together structural, cognitive, social and critical approaches to data collected among the same individuals, these individuals being underrepresented within the field of SLA research as both refugees and learners whose experiences with language stem from the Global South. Their histories of mobility and their learning contexts are rarely reflected in theories and concepts from the Global North and this book thus makes a much-needed contribution to the field.

Originally published in 1922, this book contains a series of passages in English intended for translation into French. The text was created as an additional tool for teachers who had worked through the translation passages in Cambridge's Manual of French Composition. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in the French language, translation and the history of education.

French Grammar Made Easy is the ideal introduction to the basics of French grammar for anyone new to the language or looking to refresh their knowledge. The Grammar features: concise and jargon-free explanations supported by examples exercises throughout to reinforce learning a "fast-track" option for more advanced learners a full answer key, making the Grammar ideal for self-study. French Grammar Made Easy presents the essential patterns and rules of the French language in a clear and accessible manner. It is the ideal Grammar for those wishing to supplement their learning and move beyond the phrasebook level.

Die Erkenntnisinteressen, Ansatze und Methoden der Wortschatzforschung innerhalb der germanistischen Linguistik haben sich in jungerer Zeit grundlegend gewandelt. Der Band enthalt die Beitrage der Sektion "Deutscher Wortschatz", die auf dem Deutschen Germanistentag 2013 in Kiel vorgetragen wurden. Ansatze und Methoden der Ermittlung sowie Ordnung und Beschreibung des deutschen Wortschatzes werden hier ausfuhrlich vorgestellt. Ausserdem prasentieren die Herausgeber Untersuchungsergebnisse zu Wortschatzerwerb, Wortschatzerweiterung und Wortschatzvertiefung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Deutsch als Erst-, Zweit- oder Fremdsprache. Daruber hinaus stellen sie Ansatze und Methoden der Wortschatzdidaktik zur Wortschatzarbeit im Unterricht vor und berichten uber Untersuchungen von Wortschatzen in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Kommunikations- und Praxisbereichen.

This grammar-reader is based on almost twenty years' experience of teaching beginners the Swedish language and is reassuringly practical in approach. Miss Hird's aims are threefold: to provide a compromise between the traditional grammar-readers and the new textbooks which are not designed for beginners outside Sweden; to supply grammatical information and exercises and reading texts together for ease of reference; and to stimulate the student's interest in Swedish life, institutions and culture. The grammar part of the book is in seventeen lessons, each comprising a text in Swedish which Miss Hird has specially composed to include useful vocabulary and graded grammatical points upon which exercises (including translation exercises) are set for practice. The central theme of the texts is Stockholm, and attractive drawings illustrate it. To help the student, there is a full vocabulary list covering all the lessons, a brief summary of Swedish grammar, a glossary of grammatical terms, a check list of irregular verbs and a comprehensive index of the grammatical points covered in the book. In the reader part of the book, the texts chosen range from a short play by Strindberg to a sketch by Stig Claesson, one of Sweden's most popular contemporary authors. Each text is preceded by a short biographical and literary introduction and is followed by questions designed to test the student's comprehension and to stimulate his appreciation.

Originally published in 1953, this book presents the complete 1609 text of The French Littelton by the French Huguenot linguist and educator Claudius Hollyband. The text is an early example of a foreign language handbook, created for English people learning French. An editorial introduction and appendices are also included. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in linguistics and the history of language teaching.

Do you want to communicate easily and freely in Norwegian?Master Norwegian grammar and broaden your vocabulary with your very own Norwegian Tutor. This contemporary interactive workbook features 200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points with clear goals, concise explanations, and real-world tasks. By studying and practicing Norwegian grammar you'll understand how the language really works and be able to speak Norwegian with clarity and ease. What will I learn?The Norwegian Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook covers a comprehensive range of the most useful and frequent grammar and vocabulary in Norwegian. You can follow along unit by unit, or dip in and dip out to address your weak areas. As you progress, you will be introduced to new vocabulary and combine it with the grammar to complete extensive exercises. You will then practice the language through authentic reading and writing practice. You will achieve a solid upper intermediate level* of Norwegian grammar. Is this course for me?The Norwegian Tutor: Grammar and Vocabulary Workbook can be used as a standalone course or as a complement to any other Norwegian course. It offers extensive practice and review of essential grammar points and vocabulary and skills building. The personal tutor element points out exceptions and gives tips to really help you perfect your Norwegian. What do I get?This Norwegian workbook offers a range of clear and effective learning features:-200 activities across a range of grammar and vocabulary points-Unique visuals and infographics for extra context and practice-Personal tutor hints and tips to help you to understand language rules and culture points-Learn to learn section offers tips and advice on how to be a good language learner25 short learning units each contain:-communication goals to guide your studies-grammar explanations with extensive exercises-vocabulary presentations and activities-reading and writing sections to consolidate your learning*This workbook maps from Novice High to Advanced Mid level proficiency of ACTFL (American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages) and from A2 Beginner to B2 Upper Intermediate level of the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) guidelines. What other courses are available?For further study and practice, see Get Started in Norwegian (ISBN 9781473612709) and Complete Norwegian: Teach Yourself (ISBN 9781444107203). Rely on Teach Yourself, trusted by language learners for over 75 years.

The Church Slavonic (Slavic) language was devised in the ninth century. Based on Old Bulgarian, it was created by the Greek missionary brothers Cyril and Methodius. As the first written Slavic language it has become the mother of all modern Slavic languages and continues in daily use in the services of the Slavic Orthodox Churches. (Russian, Bulgarian, Polish etc.) This is a comprehensive grammar of the Church Slavonic language, covering etymology, parts of speech, and syntax. This English edition was translated from the Russian and includes an explanation of grammatical points that would be taken for granted by a native Russian speaker. Long used as a seminary textbook both in North America and Russia, Archbishop Alypy's work is an absolutely unique publication in English and is essential for anyone desiring to study Church Slavonic, from beginning learner to advanced scholar. Texts for practice are largely drawn from the Gospels. This is both a unique and authoritative work.

Originally published in 1927, this book was written to provide students with some experience of Spanish with a guide to elements of syntax and composition. A selection of Spanish prose writing translated into English is also included. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Spanish, linguistics and the history of education.

Auch nach 400 Jahren hat der Tesoro (1611) von Sebastian de Covarrubias nichts von seiner zentralen Bedeutung fur die Erforschung der spanischen Sprache verloren. So kann die Arbeit auf der Grundlage einer selektiv-exhaustiven Analyse der ersten zwei Drittel des Woerterbuchs sowie ausgewahlter Lemmata (e.g. mit den Anfangsbuchstaben I consonantica (= J, S, X und Z) erstmals einen kompletten atiologischen Ansatz entwickeln, der sowohl die Umgestaltung des mittelspanischen Lautsystems zur Aussprache des Neuspanischen auf dem Gebiet der S-Laute als auch die Aussprachedifferenzierung zwischen dem atlantischen Spanisch (Westandalusien, Kanarische Inseln, Lateinamerika) und dem peninsular-europaischen Spanisch schlussig zu erklaren vermag. Hinsichtlich Markierung und Evaluierung des prasentierten Sprachmaterials kann die UEberarbeitung der Bedeutungsprofile von Markern wie corrupto "korrumpiert", oder vulgar "volksprachlich, gemeinsprachlich, umgangssprachlich, vulgar" eine Revision der in der bisherigen Sekundarliteratur verbreiteten, haufig zu sehr vereinfachenden Lesarten leisten und eine Reihe von Interpretationstopoi ausraumen (e.g. Arabismenfeindlichkeit, Zuruckweisung der Volkssprache gegenuber dem Latein etc.). Kognitive Ansatze zu textgrammatischen (Partikelforschung, Schwammwoerter, etc.) und pragmatischen (Hoeflichkeit, performative Sprechakte) sowie wortbildungstechnischen Beobachtungen runden daneben auf dem Gebiet der Konzeptgeschichte unser Wissen zum Erkenntniswert des Tesoro (1611) ab, so dass die Quellenart Woerterbuch auch fur kunftige sprachgeschichtliche Forschungen imperativ bleiben wird.