This unique two-volume set presents the subjects of stochastic processes, information theory, and Lie groups in a unified setting, thereby building bridges between fields that are rarely studied by the same people. Unlike the many excellent formal treatments available for each of these subjects individually, the emphasis in both of these volumes is on the use of stochastic, geometric, and group-theoretic concepts in the modeling of physical phenomena.

Stochastic Models, Information Theory, and Lie Groups will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners working in applied mathematics, the physical sciences, and engineering. Extensive exercises, motivating examples, and real-world applicationsmake the work suitable as a textbook for use in courses that emphasize applied stochastic processes or differential geometry."

A revised and expanded second edition of Reiter's classic text, this book deals with various developments in analysis centring around the fundamental work of Wiener, Carleman, and Weil. It starts with the classical theory of Fourier transforms in euclidean space, continues with a study of certain general function algebras, and then discusses functions defined on locally compact groups. The book gives a systematic introduction to these topics and endeavours to provide tools for further research. The new edition contains relevent material that was unavailable when the first edition was published.

Multi-body Kinematics and Dynamics with Lie Groups explores the use of Lie groups in the kinematics and dynamics of rigid body systems. The first chapter reveals the formal properties of Lie groups on the examples of rotation and Euclidean displacement groups. Chapters 2 and 3 show the specific algebraic properties of the displacement group, explaining why dual numbers play a role in kinematics (in the so-called screw theory). Chapters 4 to 7 make use of those mathematical tools to expound the kinematics of rigid body systems and in particular the kinematics of open and closed kinematical chains. A complete classification of their singularities demonstrates the efficiency of the method. Dynamics of multibody systems leads to very big computations. Chapter 8 shows how Lie groups make it possible to put them in the most compact possible form, useful for the design of software, and expands the example of tree-structured systems. This book is accessible to all interested readers as no previous knowledge of the general theory is required.

This volume elucidates some of the very concrete ways in which Americans misperceive the social world and how we are all subject to biases and illusions. As such, it challenges the assumption in much social science theorizing that people are rational actors by exploring how the machinations of cognition, the effect of our past experiences, the news, and social media feeds all factor into our opinion-making process. The chapters highlight common, and often incorrect, perceptions of population diversity, sexual behavior, the economy, health, and relationships. It shows how correcting these misperceptions of the social world can lead to real behavioral and attitudinal change.

This book examines some issues involving climate change, human trafficking, and other serious world challenges made worse by climate change. Climate change increases the risk of natural disasters and thus creates poverty and can cause situations of conflict and instability. Displacement can occur giving traffickers an opportunity to exploit affected people. In the fuzzy graph theory part of the book, the relatively new concepts of fuzzy soft semigraphs and graph structures are used to study human trafficking, as well as its time intuitionistic fuzzy sets that have been introduced to model forest fires. The notion of legal and illegal incidence strength is used to analyze immigration to the USA. The examination of return refugees to their origin countries is undertaken. The neighborhood connectivity index is determined for trafficking in various regions in the world. The cycle connectivity measure for the directed graph of the flow from South America to the USA is calculated. It is determined that there is a need for improvement in government response by countries. Outside the area of fuzzy graph theory, a new approach to examine climate change is introduced. Social network theory is used to study feedback processes that effect climate forcing. Tipping points in climate change are considered. The relationship between terrorism and climate change is examined. Ethical issues concerning the obligation of business organizations to reduce carbon emissions are also considered. Nonstandard analysis is a possible new area that could be used by scholars of mathematics of uncertainty. A foundation is laid to aid the researcher in the understanding of nonstandard analysis. In order to accomplish this, a discussion of some basic concepts from first-order logic is presented as some concepts of mathematics of uncertainty. An application to the theory of relativity is presented.

This book is an indispensable source for anyone with an interest in semigroup theory or whose research overlaps with this increasingly important area of mathematics. It is a clear and readable introduction to the subject, with emphasis on various classes of regular and semigroups. More than 150 exercises, accompanied by relevant references to the literature,give pointerse to areas of the subject not explicitly covered in the text.

The book is devoted to the theory of groups of finite Morley rank. These groups arise in model theory and generalize the concept of algebraic groups over algebraically closed fields. The book contains almost all the known results in the subject. Trying to attract pure group theorists in the subject and to prepare the graduate student to start the research in the area, the authors adopted an algebraic and self evident point of view rather than a model theoretic one, and developed the theory from scratch. All the necessary model theoretical and group theoretical notions are explained in length. The book is full of exercises and examples and one of its chapters contains a discussion of open problems and a program for further research.

The purpose of this monograph is to provide a theory of Markov processes that are invariant under the actions of Lie groups, focusing on ways to represent such processes in the spirit of the classical Levy-Khinchin representation. It interweaves probability theory, topology, and global analysis on manifolds to present the most recent results in a developing area of stochastic analysis. The author's discussion is structured with three different levels of generality:- A Markov process in a Lie group G that is invariant under the left (or right) translations- A Markov process xt in a manifold X that is invariant under the transitive action of a Lie group G on X- A Markov process xt invariant under the non-transitive action of a Lie group GA large portion of the text is devoted to the representation of inhomogeneous Levy processes in Lie groups and homogeneous spaces by a time dependent triple through a martingale property. Preliminary definitions and results in both stochastics and Lie groups are provided in a series of appendices, making the book accessible to those who may be non-specialists in either of these areas. Invariant Markov Processes Under Lie Group Actions will be of interest to researchers in stochastic analysis and probability theory, and will also appeal to experts in Lie groups, differential geometry, and related topics interested in applications of their own subjects.

The series is aimed specifically at publishing peer reviewed reviews and contributions presented at workshops and conferences. Each volume is associated with a particular conference, symposium or workshop. These events cover various topics within pure and applied mathematics and provide up-to-date coverage of new developments, methods and applications.

This volume consists of nine lectures on selected topics of Lie group theory. We provide the readers a concise introduction as well as a comprehensive 'tour of revisiting' the remarkable achievements of S Lie, W Killing, E Cartan and H Weyl on structural and classification theory of semi-simple Lie groups, Lie algebras and their representations; and also the wonderful duet of Cartan's theory on Lie groups and symmetric spaces.With the benefit of retrospective hindsight, mainly inspired by the outstanding contribution of H Weyl in the special case of compact connected Lie groups, we develop the above theory via a route quite different from the original methods engaged by most other books.We begin our revisiting with the compact theory which is much simpler than that of the general semi-simple Lie theory; mainly due to the well fittings between the Frobenius-Schur character theory and the maximal tori theorem of E Cartan together with Weyl's reduction (cf. Lectures 1-4). It is a wonderful reality of the Lie theory that the clear-cut orbital geometry of the adjoint action of compact Lie groups on themselves (i.e. the geometry of conjugacy classes) is not only the key to understand the compact theory, but it actually already constitutes the central core of the entire semi-simple theory, as well as that of the symmetric spaces (cf. Lectures 5-9). This is the main reason that makes the succeeding generalizations to the semi-simple Lie theory, and then further to the Cartan theory on Lie groups and symmetric spaces, conceptually quite natural, and technically rather straightforward.

This volume consists of nine lectures on selected topics of Lie group theory. We provide the readers a concise introduction as well as a comprehensive 'tour of revisiting' the remarkable achievements of S Lie, W Killing, E Cartan and H Weyl on structural and classification theory of semi-simple Lie groups, Lie algebras and their representations; and also the wonderful duet of Cartan's theory on Lie groups and symmetric spaces.With the benefit of retrospective hindsight, mainly inspired by the outstanding contribution of H Weyl in the special case of compact connected Lie groups, we develop the above theory via a route quite different from the original methods engaged by most other books.We begin our revisiting with the compact theory which is much simpler than that of the general semi-simple Lie theory; mainly due to the well fittings between the Frobenius-Schur character theory and the maximal tori theorem of E Cartan together with Weyl's reduction (cf. Lectures 1-4). It is a wonderful reality of the Lie theory that the clear-cut orbital geometry of the adjoint action of compact Lie groups on themselves (i.e. the geometry of conjugacy classes) is not only the key to understand the compact theory, but it actually already constitutes the central core of the entire semi-simple theory, as well as that of the symmetric spaces (cf. Lectures 5-9). This is the main reason that makes the succeeding generalizations to the semi-simple Lie theory, and then further to the Cartan theory on Lie groups and symmetric spaces, conceptually quite natural, and technically rather straightforward.

First published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor and Francis, an informa company.

Originally published in 1973, this work takes a hard look at the claims made for the small group as a learning medium (lecture, structured discussion, 'sensitivity', training groups etc.). Various theories of group dynamics, leadership function and learning process are looked at critically on the basis of actual research findings. It was intended for students of social psychology and anyone teaching or training to teach at Further Education level at the time, and will still be of interest in its historical context today.

Drawing on psychological and sociological perspectives as well as quantitative and qualitative data, Identity and Interethnic Marriage in the United States considers the ways the self and social identity are linked to the dynamics of interethnic marriage. Bringing together the classic theoretical contributions of George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman, and Erik Erikson with contemporary research on ethnic identity inspired by Jean Phinney, this book argues that the self and social identity-especially ethnic identity-are reflected in individuals' complex journey from singlehood to interethnic marriage within the United States.

This volume goes beyond the understanding of symmetries and exploits them in the study of the behavior of both classical and quantum physical systems. Thus it is important to study the symmetries described by continuous (Lie) groups of transformations. We then discuss how we get operators that form a Lie algebra. Of particular interest to physics is the representation of the elements of the algebra and the group in terms of matrices and, in particular, the irreducible representations. These representations can be identified with physical observables.This leads to the study of the classical Lie algebras, associated with unitary, unimodular, orthogonal and symplectic transformations. We also discuss some special algebras in some detail. The discussion proceeds along the lines of the Cartan-Weyl theory via the root vectors and root diagrams and, in particular, the Dynkin representation of the roots. Thus the representations are expressed in terms of weights, which are generated by the application of the elements of the algebra on uniquely specified highest weight states. Alternatively these representations can be described in terms of tensors labeled by the Young tableaux associated with the discrete symmetry Sn. The connection between the Young tableaux and the Dynkin weights is also discussed. It is also shown that in many physical systems the quantum numbers needed to specify the physical states involve not only the highest symmetry but also a number of sub-symmetries contained in them. This leads to the study of the role of subalgebras and in particular the possible maximal subalgebras. In many applications the physical system can be considered as composed of subsystems obeying a given symmetry. In such cases the reduction of the Kronecker product of irreducible representations of classical and special algebras becomes relevant and is discussed in some detail. The method of obtaining the relevant Clebsch-Gordan (C-G) coefficients for such algebras is discussed and some relevant algorithms are provided. In some simple cases suitable numerical tables of C-G are also included.The above exposition contains many examples, both as illustrations of the main ideas as well as well motivated applications. To this end two appendices of 51 pages - 11 tables in Appendix A, summarizing the material discussed in the main text and 39 tables in Appendix B containing results of more sophisticated examples are supplied. Reference to the tables is given in the main text and a guide to the appropriate section of the main text is given in the tables.

Hsio-Fu Tuan is a Chinese mathematician who has made important contributions to the theories of both finite groups and Lie groups. He has also had a great influence on the development of algebra, and particularly group theory in China. The present volume consists of a collection of essays on various aspects of group theory written by some of his former students and colleagues in honour of his eightieth birthday. The papers contain the main general results, as well as recent ones, on certain topics within this discipline. The chief editor, Zhe-Xian Wan, is a leading algebraist in China. Audience: This volume will be of interest to mathematicians specialising in group theory, graph theory, algebraic K-theory and Lie algebras, and those wishing to gain insight in the development and prospects of group theory in China.

Representation Theory of Symmetric Groups is the most up-to-date abstract algebra book on the subject of symmetric groups and representation theory. Utilizing new research and results, this book can be studied from a combinatorial, algorithmic or algebraic viewpoint. This book is an excellent way of introducing today's students to representation theory of the symmetric groups, namely classical theory. From there, the book explains how the theory can be extended to other related combinatorial algebras like the Iwahori-Hecke algebra. In a clear and concise manner, the author presents the case that most calculations on symmetric group can be performed by utilizing appropriate algebras of functions. Thus, the book explains how some Hopf algebras (symmetric functions and generalizations) can be used to encode most of the combinatorial properties of the representations of symmetric groups. Overall, the book is an innovative introduction to representation theory of symmetric groups for graduate students and researchers seeking new ways of thought.

Recent developments in various algebraic structures and the applications of those in different areas play an important role in Science and Technology. One of the best tools to study the non-linear algebraic systems is the theory of Near-rings.The forward note by G

Intrapersonal communication is a relatively new phenomenon for communication study and still lacks the grounding of a sound theoretical base. The first to present a developed theory of this discipline, this book's goal is to provide graduate students and professionals with an organized point of departure for their research. The theoretical section begins with an intrapersonal communication theory derived from the sociogenetic views of George Herbert Mead and L.S. Vygotsky. This theory emphasizes social interaction, the developmental nature of mind, and the crucial role of speech in creating a self, a culture, and a mind which then interact in human intrapersonal communication. This section also provides the reader with a coherent interdisciplinary knowledge base taken from speech communication, biology, neurology, cultural psychology, anthropology, sociology, speech pathology, and linguistics. The integrated theoretical perspective that results makes the study compatible with communication scholarship focusing on the social, cultural, cognitive, or performance aspects of communication phenomena. The applications section examines neurophysiological/intrapersonal communication research methods and studies to date, together with specific applications of intrapersonal communication theory to childhood language acquisition, to the establishment of gender identities, and to intrapersonal competence. The final chapter presents pedagogical guidance on how we can influence intrapersonal competence and performance as well as commenting on the current state of this study and its future prospects. The editor's interstitial commentary facilitates access by readers wishing to constuct their own theory.

The aim of this book is to serve both as an introduction to profinite groups and as a reference for specialists in some areas of the theory. The book is reasonably self-contained. Profinite groups are Galois groups. As such they are of interest in algebraic number theory. Much of recent research on abstract infinite groups is related to profinite groups because residually finite groups are naturally embedded in a profinite group. In addition to basic facts about general profinite groups, the book emphasizes free constructions (particularly free profinite groups and the structure of their subgroups). Homology and cohomology is described with a minimum of prerequisites.

This second edition contains three new appendices dealing with a new characterization of free profinite groups, presentations of pro-p groups and a new conceptually simpler approach to the proof of some classical subgroup theorems. Throughout the text there are additions in the form of new results, improved proofs, typographical corrections, and an enlarged bibliography. The list of open questions has been updated; comments and references have been added about those previously open problems that have been solved after the first edition appeared.

The aim of the Expositions is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over more than two decades, the series offers a large library of mathematical works, including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers interested in a thorough study of the subject. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brasil Walter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USA Markus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Dierk Schleicher, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany Katrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019) Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019) Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019) Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbanski, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021) Ioannis Diamantis, Bostjan Gabrovsek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

Spaces of constant curvature, i.e. Euclidean space, the sphere, and Loba chevskij space, occupy a special place in geometry. They are most accessible to our geometric intuition, making it possible to develop elementary geometry in a way very similar to that used to create the geometry we learned at school. However, since its basic notions can be interpreted in different ways, this geometry can be applied to objects other than the conventional physical space, the original source of our geometric intuition. Euclidean geometry has for a long time been deeply rooted in the human mind. The same is true of spherical geometry, since a sphere can naturally be embedded into a Euclidean space. Lobachevskij geometry, which in the first fifty years after its discovery had been regarded only as a logically feasible by-product appearing in the investigation of the foundations of geometry, has even now, despite the fact that it has found its use in numerous applications, preserved a kind of exotic and even romantic element. This may probably be explained by the permanent cultural and historical impact which the proof of the independence of the Fifth Postulate had on human thought."

These books grew out of the perception that a number of important conceptual and theoretical advances in research on small group behavior had developed in recent years, but were scattered in rather fragmentary fashion across a diverse literature. Thus, it seemed useful to encourage the formulation of summary accounts. A conference was held in Hamburg with the aim of not only encouraging such developments, but also encouraging the integration of theoretical approaches where possible. These two volumes are the result. Current research on small groups falls roughly into two moderately broad categories, and this classification is reflected in the two books. Volume I addresses theoretical problems associated with the consensual action of task-oriented small groups, whereas Volume II focuses on interpersonal relations and social processes within such groups. The two volumes differ somewhat in that the conceptual work of Volume I tends to address rather strictly defined problems of consensual action, some approaches tending to the axiomatic, whereas the conceptual work described in Volume II is generally less formal and rather general in focus. However, both volumes represent current conceptual work in small group research and can claim to have achieved the original purpose of up-to-date conceptual summaries of progress on new theoretical work.

Actions and Invariants of Algebraic Groups, Second Edition presents a self-contained introduction to geometric invariant theory starting from the basic theory of affine algebraic groups and proceeding towards more sophisticated dimensions." Building on the first edition, this book provides an introduction to the theory by equipping the reader with the tools needed to read advanced research in the field. Beginning with commutative algebra, algebraic geometry and the theory of Lie algebras, the book develops the necessary background of affine algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field, and then moves toward the algebraic and geometric aspects of modern invariant theory and quotients.

A unique, much-needed introduction to molecular symmetry and group theory Elements of Molecular Symmetry takes the topic of group theory a step further than most books, presenting a quantum chemistry treatment useful for computational, quantum, physical, and inorganic chemists alike. Clearly explaining how general groups and group algebra describe molecules, Yngve Ahrn first develops the theory, then provides coverage not only for point groups, but also permutation groups, space groups, and Lie groups. With over three decades of teaching experience, Dr. Ahrn brings to the discussion unprecedented depth and clarity, incorporating rigorous topics at a level accessible to anyone with basic knowledge of calculus and algebra. This unique and timely book:
* Extends coverage to molecular orbital theory,
* Utilizes powerful examples to illustrate basic concepts
* Contains introductory material on space groups and continuous groups, including point-group character tables
* Provides a solid background for exploring the theoretical literature