This volume presents the core of invited expository lectures given at the 1993 NATO ASI held at the University of York. The subject matter of the ASI was the interplay between automata, semigroups, formal languages and groups. The invited talks were of an introductory nature but at a high level and many reached the cutting edge of research in the area. The lectures were given to a mixed group of students and specialists and were designed to be accessible to a broad audience. The papers were written in a similar spirit in the hope that their readership will be as wide as possible. With one exception they are all based on the talks which the lecturers gave at the meeting. The exception is caused by the fact that due to unanticipated progress the topic of John Rhodes' talk is now in such a state of flux that it has not been possible to produce a paper giving a clear picture of the situation. However, we do include an article by a member of the "Rhodes school" , namely Christopher Nehaniv, expanding on a contributed talk he gave. It generalizes the celebrated Krohn-Rhodes theorem for finite semigroups to all semigroups. For many years there has been a strong link between formal language theory and the theory of semigroups. Each subject continues to influence the other.

This book is a study in economic geography, treated historically. Its primary purpose is to describe and explain the industrial geography of London since 1861, using the most recent statistics available for that purpose, noting that this work was originally published in 1962.

The modern theory of Kleinian groups starts with the work of Lars Ahlfors and Lipman Bers; specifically with Ahlfors' finiteness theorem, and Bers' observation that their joint work on the Beltrami equation has deep implications for the theory of Kleinian groups and their deformations. From the point of view of uniformizations of Riemann surfaces, Bers' observation has the consequence that the question of understanding the different uniformizations of a finite Riemann surface poses a purely topological problem; it is independent of the conformal structure on the surface. The last two chapters here give a topological description of the set of all (geometrically finite) uniformizations of finite Riemann surfaces. We carefully skirt Ahlfors' finiteness theorem. For groups which uniformize a finite Riemann surface; that is, groups with an invariant component, one can either start with the assumption that the group is finitely generated, and then use the finiteness theorem to conclude that the group represents only finitely many finite Riemann surfaces, or, as we do here, one can start with the assumption that, in the invariant component, the group represents a finite Riemann surface, and then, using essentially topological techniques, reach the same conclusion. More recently, Bill Thurston wrought a revolution in the field by showing that one could analyze Kleinian groups using 3-dimensional hyperbolic geome try, and there is now an active school of research using these methods."

* Examines fragments of real multimodal communication, which provides insights on the universal mechanisms and devices of power and social influence * Enhances the readers awareness of how people may use multimodal communication to achieve and maintain power, and of how, by their own body, they may influence others and defend themselves from their influence, making this essential reading for students and academics * Refers to a variety of contexts in which communication is used and adapted, including in everyday life, at work, at school, and in politics to show the similarities and differences in these environments

The first contribution by Carter covers the theory of finite groups of Lie type, an important field of current mathematical research. In the second part, Platonov and Yanchevskii survey the structure of finite-dimensional division algebras, including an account of reduced K-theory.

It was already in 1964 Fis66] when B. Fischer raised the question: Which finite groups can be generated by a conjugacy class D of involutions, the product of any two of which has order 1, 2 or 37 Such a class D he called a class of 3-tmnspositions of G. This question is quite natural, since the class of transpositions of a symmetric group possesses this property. Namely the order of the product (ij)(kl) is 1, 2 or 3 according as {i, j} n {k, l} consists of 2,0 or 1 element. In fact, if I{i, j} n {k, I}1 = 1 and j = k, then (ij)(kl) is the 3-cycle (ijl). After the preliminary papers Fis66] and Fis64] he succeeded in Fis71J, Fis69] to classify all finite "nearly" simple groups generated by such a class of 3-transpositions, thereby discovering three new finite simple groups called M(22), M(23) and M(24). But even more important than his classification theorem was the fact that he originated a new method in the study of finite groups, which is called "internal geometric analysis" by D. Gorenstein in his book: Finite Simple Groups, an Introduction to their Classification. In fact D. Gorenstein writes that this method can be regarded as second in importance for the classification of finite simple groups only to the local group-theoretic analysis created by J. Thomp

The aim of this book is the classification of symplectic amalgams - structures which are intimately related to the finite simple groups. In all there sixteen infinite families of symplectic amalgams together with 62 more exotic examples. The classification touches on many important aspects of modern group theory: * p-local analysis * the amalgam method * representation theory over finite fields; and * properties of the finite simple groups. The account is for the most part self-contained and the wealth of detail makes this book an excellent introduction to these recent developments for graduate students, as well as a valuable resource and reference for specialists in the area.

An encompassing socio-historical survey of the political and sociological nature of groups, communities and societies. A transdisciplinary study of crowds, masses and groups as historical, sociological, psychological and psychosocial phenomena. A unique combination of sociology, psychoanalysis and group analysis in the study of social formations. An inquiry into the enigma of crowds and mass psychology with the history of group analytic and group relations' advances in England, especially the study of large groups in the research on group processes. A comprehensive presentation of the social unconscious theory in association with the study of large groups and the Incohesion theory as new group analytic tools for understanding contemporary crowds and masses. In today's world, flooded by social conflicts and polarizations and the mass impact of social media, this book enables the reader to map out the field of the unconscious life of crowds illuminating the darkness of twenty-first century collective movements.

First published in German in 1970 and translated into Russian in 1973, this classic now becomes available in English. After introducing the theory of pro-p groups and their cohomology, it discusses presentations of the Galois groups G S of maximal p-extensions of number fields that are unramified outside a given set S of primes. It computes generators and relations as well as the cohomological dimension of some G S, and gives applications to infinite class field towers.The book demonstrates that the cohomology of groups is very useful for studying Galois theory of number fields; at the same time, it offers a down to earth introduction to the cohomological method. In a "Postscript" Helmut Koch and Franz Lemmermeyer give a survey on the development of the field in the last 30 years. Also, a list of additional, recent references has been included.

This volume contains papers which are based primarily on talks given at an inter national conference on Algorithmic Problems in Groups and Semigroups held at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln from May ll-May 16, 1998. The conference coincided with the Centennial Celebration of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln on the occasion of the one hun dredth anniversary of the granting of the first Ph.D. by the department. Funding was provided by the US National Science Foundation, the Department of Math ematics and Statistics, and the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, through the College's focus program in Discrete, Experimental and Applied Mathematics. The purpose of the conference was to bring together researchers with interests in algorithmic problems in group theory, semigroup theory and computer science. A particularly useful feature of this conference was that it provided a framework for exchange of ideas between the research communities in semigroup theory and group theory, and several of the papers collected here reflect this interac tion of ideas. The papers collected in this volume represent a cross section of some of the results and ideas that were discussed in the conference. They reflect a synthesis of overlapping ideas and techniques stimulated by problems concerning finite monoids, finitely presented mono ids, finitely presented groups and free groups."

This proceedings volume, the fifth in a series from the Combinatorial and Additive Number Theory (CANT) conferences, is based on talks from the 19th annual workshop, held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Organized every year since 2003 by the New York Number Theory Seminar at the CUNY Graduate Center, the workshops survey state-of-the-art open problems in combinatorial and additive number theory and related parts of mathematics. The CANT 2021 meeting featured over a hundred speakers from North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, and was the largest CANT conference in terms of the number of both lectures and participants. These proceedings contain peer-reviewed and edited papers on current topics in number theory. Topics featured in this volume include sumsets, minimal bases, Sidon sets, analytic and prime number theory, combinatorial and discrete geometry, numerical semigroups, and a survey of expansion, divisibility, and parity. This selection of articles will be of relevance to both researchers and graduate students interested in current progress in number theory.

"Presents the proceedings of the recently held Third International Conference on Commutative Ring Theory in Fez, Morocco. Details the latest developments in commutative algebra and related areas-featuring 26 original research articles and six survey articles on fundamental topics of current interest. Examines wide-ranging developments in commutative algebra, together with connections to algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry."

This monograph explores the geometry of the local Langlands conjecture. The conjecture predicts a parametrizations of the irreducible representations of a reductive algebraic group over a local field in terms of the complex dual group and the Weil-Deligne group. For p-adic fields, this conjecture has not been proved; but it has been refined to a detailed collection of (conjectural) relationships between p-adic representation theory and geometry on the space of p-adic representation theory and geometry on the space of p-adic Langlands parameters. This book provides and introduction to some modern geometric methods in representation theory. It is addressed to graduate students and research workers in representation theory and in automorphic forms.

These notes, already well known in their original French edition, give the basic theory of semisimple Lie algebras over the complex numbers including the basic classification theorem. The author begins with a summary of the general properties of nilpotent, solvable, and semisimple Lie algebras. Subsequent chapters introduce Cartan subalgebras, root systems, and representation theory. The theory is illustrated by using the example of sln; in particular, the representation theory of sl2 is completely worked out. The last chapter discusses the connection between Lie algebras and Lie groups, and is intended to guide the reader towards further study.

This monograph provides the first up-to-date and self-contained presentation of a recently discovered mathematical structure-the Schrodinger-Virasoro algebra. Just as Poincare invariance or conformal (Virasoro) invariance play a key role in understanding, respectively, elementary particles and two-dimensional equilibrium statistical physics, this algebra of non-relativistic conformal symmetries may be expected to apply itself naturally to the study of some models of non-equilibrium statistical physics, or more specifically in the context of recent developments related to the non-relativistic AdS/CFT correspondence.

The study of the structure of this infinite-dimensional Lie algebra touches upon topics as various as statistical physics, vertex algebras, Poisson geometry, integrable systems and supergeometry as well as representation theory, the cohomology of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, and the spectral theory of Schrodinger operators."

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. Now in the sixth decade of his career, he continues to produce results of astonishing beauty and significance for which he is invited to lecture all over the world. This is the fourth volume (1985-1995) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this fourth volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.

This volume targets graduate students and researchers in the fields of representation theory, automorphic forms, Hecke algebras, harmonic analysis, number theory.

This book provides quick access to the theory of Lie groups and isometric actions on smooth manifolds, using a concise geometric approach. After a gentle introduction to the subject, some of its recent applications to active research areas are explored, keeping a constant connection with the basic material. The topics discussed include polar actions, singular Riemannian foliations, cohomogeneity one actions, and positively curved manifolds with many symmetries. This book stems from the experience gathered by the authors in several lectures along the years and was designed to be as self-contained as possible. It is intended for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and young researchers in geometry and can be used for a one-semester course or independent study.

These books grew out of the perception that a number of important conceptual and theoretical advances in research on small group behavior had developed in recent years, but were scattered in rather fragmentary fashion across a diverse literature. Thus, it seemed useful to encourage the formulation of summary accounts. A conference was held in Hamburg with the aim of not only encouraging such developments, but also encouraging the integration of theoretical approaches where possible. These two volumes are the result.
Current research on small groups falls roughly into two moderately broad categories, and this classification is reflected in the two books. Volume I addresses theoretical problems associated with the consensual action of task-oriented small groups, whereas Volume II focuses on interpersonal relations and social processes within such groups. The two volumes differ somewhat in that the conceptual work of Volume I tends to address rather strictly defined problems of consensual action, some approaches tending to the axiomatic, whereas the conceptual work described in Volume II is generally less formal and rather general in focus. However, both volumes represent current conceptual work in small group research and can claim to have achieved the original purpose of up-to-date conceptual summaries of progress on new theoretical work.

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. Now in the sixth decade of his career, he continues to produce results of astonishing beauty and significance for which he is invited to lecture all over the world. This is the fifth volume (1995-2005) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this fifth volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.

Provides a thorough discussion of the orderability of a group. The book details the major developments in the theory of lattice-ordered groups, delineating standard approaches to structural and permutation representations. A radically new presentation of the theory of varieties of lattice-ordered groups is offered.;This work is intended for pure and applied mathematicians and algebraists interested in topics such as group, order, number and lattice theory, universal algebra, and representation theory; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.;College or university bookstores may order five or more copies at a special student price which is available from Marcel Dekker Inc, upon request.

Some mathematical disciplines can be presented and developed in the context of other disciplines, for instance Boolean algebras, that Stone has converted in a branch of ring theory, projective geome- tries, characterized by Birkhoff as lattices of a special type, projec- tive, descriptive and spherical geometries, represented by Prenowitz, as multigroups, linear geometries and convex sets presented by Jan- tosciak and Prenowitz as join spaces. As Prenowitz and Jantosciak did for geometries, in this book we present and study several ma- thematical disciplines that use the Hyperstructure Theory. Since the beginning, the Hyperstructure Theory and particu- larly the Hypergroup Theory, had applications to several domains. Marty, who introduced hypergroups in 1934, applied them to groups, algebraic functions and rational fractions. New applications to groups were also found among others by Eaton, Ore, Krasner, Utumi, Drbohlav, Harrison, Roth, Mockor, Sureau and Haddad. Connections with other subjects of classical pure Mathematics have been determined and studied: * Fields by Krasner, Stratigopoulos and Massouros Ch. * Lattices by Mittas, Comer, Konstantinidou, Serafimidis, Leoreanu and Calugareanu * Rings by Nakano, Kemprasit, Yuwaree * Quasigroups and Groupoids by Koskas, Corsini, Kepka, Drbohlav, Nemec * Semigroups by Kepka, Drbohlav, Nemec, Yuwaree, Kempra- sit, Punkla, Leoreanu * Ordered Structures by Prenowitz, Corsini, Chvalina IX x * Combinatorics by Comer, Tallini, Migliorato, De Salvo, Scafati, Gionfriddo, Scorzoni * Vector Spaces by Mittas * Topology by Mittas , Konstantinidou * Ternary Algebras by Bandelt and Hedlikova.

This modern translation of Sophus Lie's and Friedrich Engel's "Theorie der Transformationsgruppen I" will allow readers to discover the striking conceptual clarity and remarkably systematic organizational thought of the original German text. Volume I presents a comprehensive introduction to the theory and is mainly directed towards the generalization of ideas drawn from the study of examples. The major part of the present volume offers an extremely clear translation of the lucid original. The first four chapters provide not only a translation, but also a contemporary approach, which will help present day readers to familiarize themselves with the concepts at the heart of the subject. The editor's main objective was to encourage a renewed interest in the detailed classification of Lie algebras in dimensions 1, 2 and 3, and to offer access to Sophus Lie's monumental Galois theory of continuous transformation groups, established at the end of the 19th Century. Lie groups are widespread in mathematics, playing a role in representation theory, algebraic geometry, Galois theory, the theory of partial differential equations and also in physics, for example in general relativity. This volume is of interest to researchers in Lie theory and exterior differential systems and also to historians of mathematics. The prerequisites are a basic knowledge of differential calculus, ordinary differential equations and differential geometry.

This book collects important results concerning the classification and properties of nilpotent orbits in a Lie algebra. It develops the Dynkin-Kostant and Bala-Carter classifications of complex nilpotent orbits and derives the Lusztig-Spaltenstein theory of induction of nilpotent orbits.

For more than five decades Bertram Kostant has been one of the major architects of modern Lie theory. Virtually all his papers are pioneering with deep consequences, many giving rise to whole new fields of activities. His interests span a tremendous range of Lie theory, from differential geometry to representation theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical physics. It is striking to note that Lie theory (and symmetry in general) now occupies an ever increasing larger role in mathematics than it did in the fifties. Now in the sixth decade of his career, he continues to produce results of astonishing beauty and significance for which he is invited to lecture all over the world. This is the second volume (1965-1975) of a five-volume set of Bertram Kostant's collected papers. A distinguished feature of this second volume is Kostant's commentaries and summaries of his papers in his own words.