This unique publication explores diverse themes relating to thrombosis and embolism, from basic research at cell and molecular level to the actual care, prevention, and treatment of diverse categories of patients suffering from such diseases. Chapters cover a variety of topics including thrombosis and embolism in surgical patients, cancer patients, pregnant women and children and adolescents, as well as treatment of the conditions by traditional anticoagulants, novel oral anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy, endovascular treatment and embolectomy. Readers may explore cutting edge research, recommendations from major societies, contemporary guidelines, areas of controversy and directions for ongoing and future research. The book features comprehensive information ranging from molecular mechanisms of diseases to the clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic regimens for treating a variety of clinical conditions. It has a broad appeal to scientists and research students as well as busy clinicians engaged in patient care, who will all find something important and useful amongst these carefully selected chapters.

Childhood acute leukemias are one of the main causes of death in children aged 1 to 14 years in some countries; and unfortunately, we have been unable to prevent it. Certainly, a good parcel of it is due to the poor understanding about its etiology. This book aims to describe the most important theories and hypothesis regarding childhood acute leukemia. Written by the most outstanding researchers in the field, this book intends to contribute to a greater understanding of the etiology of this disease. It goes beyond the simple and common analysis of risk factors, which hardly allows us to draw definite conclusions. By addressing the etiology of the disease, discussing from molecular biology until epidemiology and clinical manifestations, this book will guide present and future approaches, contributing for a better clinical management of leukemia in children. The knowledge regarding etiology is a crucial step for a better evaluation, prevention and treatment of a disease. Thus, this book finally intends to provide such knowledge, allowing physicians and practitioners to a better manage of childhood acute leukemias.

This new edition is a comprehensive and updated resource on antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which is an autoimmune disorder. In APS, the body recognizes certain normal components of blood and/or cell membranes as foreign substances and produces antibodies (antiphospholipid antibodies) against them. APS is associated with recurrent clotting events (thrombosis) including premature stroke, repeated miscarriages, phlebitis, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary thromboembolism. It is also associated with low platelet or blood elements that prevent bleeding. Recently, however, even more disease states have been linked with APS, including premature heart attack, various cardiac valvular abnormalities, skin lesions, kidney disease, abnormal involuntary movement/chorea, diseases that mimic multiple sclerosis, and vascular diseases of the eye that can lead to visual loss and blindness. The International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies, held every 3 years, is the venue where representatives from different disciplines gather to discuss the recent advances in APS. The conference intends to cover basic aspects of APS, such as pathogenesis, origins, genetics, intracellular and molecular events, the role of infections, as well as traditional and non-traditional clinical manifestations associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. The 15th Congress took place in September 2016. A novel aspect of the Congress was that multiple teams, chaired by Scientific Planning Committee members, used evidence-based literature reviews and expert discussions to answer specific pre-defined APS-related questions. These teams included points of view from experts in rheumatology, hematology, cardiovascular medicine, obstetrics, neurology, and immunology. The Scientific Planning Committee members also chaired the congress sessions and supervised completion of the reports that are the bases of the chapters of this book. In addition, there are two chapters included specifically written for APS patients. Much like the previous volume, dedicated to the 13th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies (April 2010), this up-to-date and comprehensive work gathers invaluable insights from a multidisciplinary team of world-renowned experts and represents the authoritative resource on causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of APS.

This book provides a unique frame work for examining acute lung syndromes that arise from hematologic disorders or is defined by a hematologic abnormality as a key feature. Acute lung processes arising from hematologic disorders can present as life-threatening conditions, and as such, the pulmonary physician or critical care physician are often directly involved in care or called upon to provide expertise. Chapters are organized into three sections, each with an emphasis on pathogenesis and current understanding of mechanisms. The text begins with the central theme of the lungs as the direct interface between the external environment and blood, description of individual components of the hematopoietic system, their function and relevance to the lungs. The second section outlines both benign and malignant primary hematologic disorders that can lead to acute pulmonary manifestations. The final section focuses on acute lung syndromes stemming from complications of transfusion and treatment. Chapters are presented in an easy-to-access format, providing information on diagnosis, management, and outcomes. This is a valuable resource for pulmonary fellows in training, pulmonologists, critical care physicians, and physicians involved in caring for patients in the ICU.

This book is an up-to-date reference on all aspects of anticoagulation and hemostasis in neurosurgery. After an opening section on basic principles and drug classes in current use, detailed consideration is given to coagulation issues relevant to all patients, not just neurosurgical ones. The coverage includes, for example, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A variety of important issues specific to neurosurgical practice are then addressed, and a summary of current guidelines and best practices is provided. By bringing together the latest knowledge from across the discipline, this book will serve as a sound basis for informed decision making in surgical practice. It will be of daily value for neurosurgeons and trainees worldwide and will also be of interest to emergency room physicians, surgeons in general, critical care physicians, neurologists, and hospital medicine specialists.

This text is the only book of its kind to provide specific guidance applicable to limited resource settings and builds up from the foundation of general practitioner or general pediatrician competence. Written and edited by leaders in the field, this manual educates physicians on the essential components of the discipline, filtered through the experience of specialists from developing countries, with immediate applicability in the specific healthcare environment in these countries. Typically, manuals of pediatric hematology-oncology are written by specialists from high-income countries, and usually target an audience with a sub-specialist level of training, often assisted by cutting-edge diagnostic and treatment facilities. However, approximately 80% of new cases of cancer in children appear in mid- and low-income countries. Almost invariably, general practitioners or general pediatricians without special training in oncology will look after children with malignancies who enter the health care system in these countries. The diagnostic facilities are usually limited, as are the treatment options. The survival figures in these conditions are somewhere below 20%, while in high-income countries they are in the range of 80% for many childhood cancers. This book includes simplified therapy protocols, pain therapy and palliation, as well as ward procedures such as bone marrow aspiration/biopsies, intravenous therapy and chemotherapy drugs mixing. It provides an overview of pediatric cancer epidemiology, cancer registration and organizing support networks and features the management of cancers with associated pathology like AIDS, malnutrition, malaria and tuberculosis.

This unique book focuses on the non-myeloma plasma cell dyscrasias. A key resource for this group of diseases, the book features the latest in emerging knowledge and therapeutic developments, including novel therapies. Each disease-specific chapter discusses biology, disease course, and appropriate therapeutic interventions, covering plasma cell leukemia, plasmacytoma, POEMS Syndrome and Castleman's Disease, Waldenstroem macroglobulinemia, immunoglobin deposition disease, and cryoglobulinemic syndromes, among others. The only book dedicated to this intriguing family of diseases, Biology and Management of Unusual Plasma Cell Dyscrasias will be a long-lasting reference for clinicians and scientists alike.

Edited by an orthopaedic surgeon and a haematologist who are leading specialists in the treatment of haemophilia, Inhibitors in Patients with Haemophilia reviews the different haemostatic products and protocols for the control of bleeding and surgery in haemophilic patients with inhibitors. The book draws together in a single volume all of the clinical issues involved in the treatment of inhibitors from numerous specialists worldwide. It will be an invaluable resource for all those treating inhibitors in people with haemophilia.

This book describes the challenges involved in developing mTOR inhibitors for cancer treatment, starting with an in-depth examination of their molecular mechanism of action, with emphasis on the class side-effects, efficacy and mechanisms of resistance, as well as on promising novel directions for their development, including novel compounds and rational combinations with other anti-neoplastic drugs. Over the last 10 years, inhibitors of mTOR have emerged as a major class of anticancer drugs. Two rapamycin analogs are currently approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, and it is estimated that a variety of other tumor types could benefit from mTOR inhibition, with numerous clinical trials (including pivotal registration trials) already underway. Second-generation small-molecule inhibitors of the pathway have also shown promise in terms of their superior tolerability and efficacy and are undergoing extensive clinical evaluation, with an estimated 30+ compounds currently under evaluation.

This well-received book, now in its fifth edition, is unique in providing a detailed examination of the technological basis of radiation therapy. Another unique feature is that the chapters are jointly written by North American and European authors. This considerably broadens the book's contents and increases its applicability in daily practice throughout the world. The book is divided into two sections. The first section covers basic concepts in treatment planning and explains the various approaches to radiation therapy, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, and high and low dose rate brachytherapy. The second discusses in depth the practical clinical applications of the different radiation therapy techniques in a wide range of cancer sites. All chapters have been written by leaders in the field. This book will serve to instruct and acquaint teachers, students, and practitioners with the basic technological factors and approaches in radiation therapy.

A clear understanding of key areas in hematopathology, hematology and coagulation is essential for all trainees preparing to take their American Board of Pathology exams. This text offers a series of increasingly challenging multiple-choice questions and answers designed to help strengthen your knowledge. Question papers cover all areas of study, from red blood cell count and coagulation disorders to hematopoietic neoplasms. Each answer is accompanied by explanations and overviews of associated topics, enabling you to learn from mistakes and to revise effectively.

Remarkable developments in the field of transplantation have created opportunities to address the formidable challenges of transplantation across histocompatibility barriers, stem cell expansion, and prevention of complications and generation of graft-vs-tumor activity to eradicate residual disease. Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic and Other Disorders, Second Edition provides a glimpse into potential future applications of bone marrow derived stem cells in the field of cardiac repair. The updated chapters introduce the biologic underpinnings of hematopoietic cell transplantation, basic stem cell biology, immunobiology, and histocompatibility, with emphasis on indications and results of transplantation for specific diseases. Written by experts in the field, Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Disorders, Second Edition provides seasoned professionals with a complete understanding of the current state of transplantation biology as well as a clear vision into the future.

Fulfilling the void with a Hematopathology book that integrates clinical and experimental studies with diagnostic criteria, Neoplastic Hematopathology: Experimental and Clinical Approaches provides an overview of the discipline of hematopathology that connects the field with recent advances in immunology research and current clinical practice in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias. Designed for both trainees and specialists in pathology and hematology-oncology, Neoplastic Hematopathology: Experimental and Clinical Approaches has separate sections on laboratory techniques, diagnostic hematopathology, treatment and stem cell transplantation. Expert chapter authors address both myeloid and lymphoid tumors, and provide much needed coverage in transplant biology. A study guide highlights key chapter points, making the text suitable for boards review in hematopathology and hematology-oncology.

This book provides an updated overview of agammaglobulinemia, a rare form of primary immunodeficiency which is considered the prototype of the congenital humoral defects, and which is characterized by the absence of peripheral B cells and very low serum immunoglobulin levels. The book opens by discussing the highly orchestrated early B cell development in the bone marrow and the genes involved based on both human and animal models. The pathogenesis and clinical presentation of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, caused by mutations in the BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene, are then presented in detail, followed by descriptions of the clinical manifestations and molecular basis of the less frequent autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms of agammaglobulinemia. Patients' management in terms of respiratory complications, gammaglobulin replacement therapy and the potential value of novel experimental therapeutic strategies are discussed. The book's closing chapters offer a comprehensive and updated description of mutations in the BTK gene, and the expression and function of BTK in cells other than B cells.

Anemia, a frequent complication of cancer and its treatments, produces unwanted symptoms and significantly impairs metabolic and physiologic functions, as well as patients' activity, quality of life and even life expectancy. In its new Second Edition, this book presents current knowledge on anemia in cancer and its treatment with Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rhEPO). Expanded, updated and newly added chapters describe scientific and clinical aspects of anemia, and give diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations on use of rhEPO. This is an essential source of information for radiotherapists, medical oncologists, hematologists, internists, pediatricians, surgeons, specialists in transfusion and laboratory medicine, and pharmacologists.

Introduction The understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, immuno- well as for practicing hematologists or oncologists. logical and biological causes of myeloproliferative dis- Each chapter follows a similar architecture and leads orders has substantially improved in the last few years. through epidemiology, genetic and molecular causes, Together with refined tools in pathology, the successful hematological and clinical findings, prognostic factors establishment of mouse models mimicking at least some and current treatment approaches of the diseases. of the myeloproliferative disorders, and murine models Effort has been made to point out the evolving field of novel drugs in this arena but simultaneously diff- allowing to carefully dissect the role of mutations and gene dosage effects of, for example JAK2, this has led to entiate between standard and experimental treatment ever increasing numbers of modified classification approaches. schemes. It is therefore important for the heamtologist Together with the co-editors and all the authors of or oncologist to keep up with this rapid change in classi- the various chapters I hope that the readers of the book fication language, the upcoming of new entities or differ- will enjoy reading and benefit from the information entiation between, or subclassification of, rare diseases provided.

The mature T and NK cell lymphomas are rare, comprising approximately 10% of all malignant lymphomas. The incidence of T-cell lymphoma is variable around the world, with a higher incidence compared to B-cell lymphomas in the Asian basin. While the overall incidence of B-cell lymphomas has begun to decline in the United States, the incidence of T-cell lymphomas continues to rise. Over the last decade, a number of novel agents have been developed which target T-cell lymphomas and studies have identified novel genes and pathways associated with lymphomagenesis in T-cells. This comprehensive volume examines the clinical and biological aspects of the T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in adults and children. The book includes an overview of both the cutaneous and the systemic T-cell malignancies and addresses the classification of T-cell lymphomas, the clinical features of each subtype, and the relevant molecular and genetic studies. Clinical outcomes and treatment strategies are discussed with an emphasis on the development of novel biological and targeted therapies. An outstanding resource for hematologists and oncologists, this book gathers insights from experts in the field and provides the most up-to-date information on all of the T-cell lymphoma subgroups and current and emerging therapies.

While a pattern approach to diagnosis is taught and practiced with almost every other tissue or organ in the body, the lymph node remains a mystery to most residents starting out in pathology and those pathologists with limited experience in the area. A Pattern Approach to Lymph Node Diagnosis demonstrates that a systematic approach to lymph node examination can be achieved through recognition of morphological patterns produced by different disease processes. It presents a combination of knowledge-based assessment and pattern recognition for diagnosis covering the major primary neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases and metastatic tumors in lymph nodes. This volume demonstrates that lymph node compartments can be recognized histologically especially with the aid of immunohistological markers and how this knowledge can be employed effectively to localize and identify pathological changes in the different compartments in order to facilitate histological diagnosis. It also defines histological features that, because of their pathological occurrence in lymph nodes, are useful pointers to specific diagnoses or disease processes. The volume is organized in accordance with the primary pattern of presentation of each diagnostic entity. Differential diagnosis is discussed and each diagnostic entity is accompanied by color illustrations that highlight the diagnostic features. Immunohistochemistry, clinical aspects, relevant cytogenetics and molecular information of each entity is provided by authors who are experts in lymphoproliferative diseases. An algorithmic approach to diagnosis is adopted at the end of each section by listing a set of questions that help to consider diagnostic entities that can present with the morphological features observed. A Pattern Approach to Lymph Node Diagnosis will be of great utility to residents and fellows in pathology and general pathologists making first hand lymph node diagnoses as well as to hematologists and physicians who treat patients with lymphoprolifeative diseases.

Since the original publication of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSC) has undergone several fast-paced changes. In this second edition, the editors have focused on topics relevant to evolving knowledge in the field in order to better guide clinicians in decision-making and management of their patients, as well as help lead laboratory investigators in new directions emanating from clinical observations. Some of the most respected clinicians and scientists in this discipline have responded to the recent advances in the field by providing state-of-the-art discussions addressing these topics in the second edition. The text covers the scope of human genomic variation, the methods of HLA typing and interpretation of high-resolution HLA results. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Research and Practice, Second Edition offers concise advice on today's best clinical practice and will be of significant benefit to all clinicians and researchers in allogeneic HSC transplantation.

Many diseases earlier considered to be incurable are now being treated with modern innovations involving fetal tissue transplants and stem cells derived from fetal tissues. Fetal tissues are the richest source of fetal stem cells as well as other varying states of differentiated cells and support or stromal cells. The activity of such stem cells is at their peak provided they are given the correct niche. Stem cells, as we know, are immortal cells with the capacity to regenerate into any kind of differentiated cell as per niche-guidance. As such, fetal tissues have the potential capacity to mend, regenerate and repair damaged cells or tissues in adults, when directly transplanted to the site of injury, or even when transplanted in some other site, because it may have a homing capacity to migrate to the site of the specific injured organ. This is a new area of translational research and needs to be highlighted because of its immense potential. This book will bring together the new work of prominent medical scientists and clinicians who are conducting pioneering research in human fetal tissue transplantation. This will include direct transplant of healthy fetal tissue into mature patients as well as in hosts with genetic diseases. Transplant techniques, donor-host interaction, cell and tissue storage, ethical and legal issues, are some of the many matters which the book will deal with.

This book gives a complete description of online hemodiafiltration, in five sections. It is unique in the systematic and complete way in which hemodiafiltration is described. Each chapter is completed by a point-to-point summary of essential information, in a separate text box. Part of the book is dedicated to the theoretical background of convective clearance. In this part, safety issues and quality control is reviewed (especially on the quality of water for dialysis and substitution fluid), as well as equipment (both dialyzers and machines) with which this treatment can be performed. As recently the results of several randomized controlled trials were available, the effect of hemodiafiltration on hard clinical end points (mortality and morbidity) is discussed in detail. This has not been done before, as the most recent book/journal on hemodiafiltration was published in 2011, before the results of the 3 randomized controlled trials were published. Furthermore, the methodological quality of the trials is discussed by an expert, in order to help the readers in their judgment of the trials Part of the book concentrates on the effect of the treatment on several biomarkers and uremic toxins. Several clinically relevant issues is discussed separately, such as the prescription of anticoagulation during the treatment, drug prescription and clearance for patients treated with hemodiafiltration, and hemodynamic stability. Finally, a practical guide on how to perform the treatment is provided. In this unique section, seemingly simple but important details of hemodiafiltration-treatment is discussed, such as the importance of needle size for blood flow rates, the difference between filtration fraction and substitution ratio, the different targets that can be set and how to reach them. As most literature is mainly focused on theoretical issues, this unique feature really will help the field to perform hemodiafiltration, and answer practical questions.

The growing knowledge about disturbances of epigenetic gene regulation in hematopoietic stem cell disorders is now being translated into treatment approaches that target the epigenetic defects pharmacologically. This book first presents the latest evidence regarding the epigenetic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and hemoglobin production. The significance of DNA methylation abnormalities in hematopoietic disorders and of epigenetic disturbances in lung cancer and other solid tumors is then discussed. A major part of the book, however, relates specifically to the translation of basic research and drug development to clinical applications, and in this context both present and future clinical strategies are considered. Individual chapters are devoted to the use of DNA hypomethylating agents and chromatin-modifying agents, and the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors by means of epigenetic agents is discussed in detail.

The current explosion of new areas of controversy in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults and young adults makes this comprehensive book a much needed reference for hematologists and oncologists. This book assembles leading authorities from around the globe to cover the full spectrum of ALL subtypes and their treatments. Specific topics of discussion include indications for allogeneic bone marrow transplant in first complete remission, the role of minimal residual disease in making treatment decisions, the treatment of young adults, and the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL with the advent of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This is the first book to focus exclusively on the adult ALL patient. It provides a complete overview of diagnosis, molecular pathogenesis, evaluation, and treatment for this important patient population.

This book focuses on three of the main categories of myeloproliferative neoplasm: polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Relevant laboratory and clinical advances are comprehensively covered, and great emphasis is placed on the practical issues that challenge physicians in their daily practice. The main topics considered thus include contemporary diagnostic approaches, the value and limitations of mutation screening for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, risk stratification in terms of both survival and other disease complications such as leukemic transformation and thrombosis, and modern therapeutic strategies, including conventional drugs, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and experimental drugs still under study. The reader will find Critical Concepts and Management Recommendations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms to be an invaluable and up-to-date source of information from leading authorities in the field.

A real boon for medical practitioners from a number of disciplines, this is a practice-oriented manual of medical oncology and hematology for day-to-day use in caring for patients' hematologic and neoplastic diseases. It is founded on the longstanding experience of a large specialized university department accustomed to having to provide reliable advice in a broad range of circumstances. The authors have chosen not to give a comprehensive review of the various subjects but have instead focused on practical methods which have proven to be useful in their experience, with special emphasis on standardizing chemotherapy protocols.