This issue provides the reader with a summary of evidence-based therapies of how to manage emergency care for cancer disorders.? Articles are dedicated to specific presentation syndromes, such as malignant epidural spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, and airway obstruction. These reviews update the reader on evidence-based therapies for these entities and highlight the emerging role of stent therapies. This issue also includes articles dealing with the neurological, renal, and metabolic (electrolyte and adrenal) emergencies encountered in the cancer patient. Also addressed are selected gastrointestinal presentations commonly encountered in cancer patients, such as the acute abdomen, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy. The issue concludes with several articles dedicated to hematologic considerations including venous thrombosis, acquired bleeding disturbances, and myeloproliferative/hyperviscosity syndromes.

Major strides have been made in the treatment and understanding of Myelodysplasia.? The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved three new drugs for the treatment of MDS; new disease genes have been discovered; major insights have been made into the biology of the disorder; and animal models of MDS have been developed.? The articles in this issue illustrate the rapid progress in MDS research, from molecular pathophysiology to improved therapies.? Insights into the biology of MDS, the development of model systems to study MDS, and the application of new technologies with unprecedented power to interrogate the cancer genome promise to increase the rate of discovery, transforming our understanding of MDS and leading to improvements in the treatment this disease.

Chronic immune thrombocytopenia is a disease in which the immune system destroys platelets (blood cells involved in the clotting process). Patients with ITP have abnormal bruising and bleeding, and severe disease can be life threatening. For many patients, standard drug treatments are not effective, and many of the drugs used may have significant side effects with long-term use. Among the articles in this issue, some focus on the traditional and newer treatments for the disease. Other articles focus on diagnosis and treatment of the disease in pregnancy, lymphoproliferative disorders, in thyroid disease, in rheumatologic disorders, and in children. Also discussed are infectious causes.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy diagnosed in children, representing nearly one third of all pediatric cancers. The annual incidence of ALL is about 30 cases per million people, with a peak incidence in children aged 2-5 years. Although a few cases are associated with inherited genetic syndromes, the cause of ALL remains largely unknown. This issue presents articles that discuss current thinking on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Articles specifically emphasize molecular genetics, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and treatments including, clofarabine, nelarabine, rituximab, and PegAsp.

The understanding of hemostasis physiology has been considerably advanced by models of kinetics and by the complicated interplay of cells and soluble coagulation factors. How this physiology is currently, or will eventually, be reflected in clinical laboratory testing is the subject of this monograph; this information is key for laboratorians to implement physiologic concepts into practical data and for clinicians to understand the basis of and therefore correctly treat hemostatic disease. Many thousands of patients present with bleeding disorders or bleeding complications of other diseases, and millions of individuals suffer the morbidity and mortality of thromboembolic complications. How laboratory testing confronts the challenge of predicting different hemostatic risks and guiding therapy is the critical subtext of the chapters in this monograph. New developments in hemostasis physiology have identified thrombin as an important, if not central, coordinator of hemostatic function and thus a target for measurement to assess hemostatic function and risk. Whether such measurements as endogenous thrombin potential or thromboelastography will accurately predict and/or quantitate global hemostatic function is an important question. Modeling the clinical risks of bleeding or thromboembolism currently uses the laboratory presence or absence of particular risk factors, but our clinical understanding of risk appears to more closely approximate a dynamic model, even within individual patients. Therefore, testing for platelet dysfunction or comprehending the functional implications of a lupus anticoagulant may rely on our evolving comprehension of hemostasis phyisology and perhaps require more sophisticated interpretation of clinical predictors of hemostatic risk. This monograph aims to shed some light in these areas and promote investigation of such key hemostasis issues.

This issue focuses on neoplastic hematopathology. Thirteen articles written by leading experts in the field cover a number of specific disease entities including the acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative diseases, multiple myeloma and the chronic lymphoid leukemias. The spectrum of lymphoid cancers and related disorders is also covered, including articles on reactive and atypical lymphoproliferative disorders, Hodgkin lymphoma, small B cell malignancies, the aggressive B cell lymphomas, as well as Burkitt lymphoma and the entire spectrum of peripheral T cell lymphomas. Finally, two more generic articles cover current issues in bone marrow pathology for lymphoma diagnosis and staging and finally a cutting-edge chapter on molecular diagnostics in hematopathology.

There are today five major proteins in plasma fractioning. In the near future, other fractions could also be used as therapeutic agents. But perhaps they could be used for alternative, non-therapeutic applications? For example, producing human culture media with specific ingredients for biotechnology research might also be of use. Whatever the future may hold, there is one essential question: in today's world of cellular and genetic engineering, are extracted therapeutic proteins still of any relevance? For a clear and up-to-date view of recent developments in blood-protein-separation technology, this book will prove an invaluable resource.

A vital resource on blood and bone marrow cell morphology in laboratory animal medicine. This fully revised new edition is an essential reference for clinical pathologists in diagnostic laboratories, and medical or veterinary research. The atlas contains over 400 color images of cells from the peripheral blood and bone marrow from a variety of animals encountered in laboratory animal medicine, in health and disease. Key features: * New chapter on flow cytometry and its application in terms of routine analyses as a means of identifying abnormalities in cell marker expression, which is of particular relevance for pre-clinical safety assessment * Covers the most recent developments in laboratory animal hematology, including parameters measured by the latest generation of analyzers * Coverage of a wide range of laboratory animal species, as well as those used in clinical veterinary trials * Photomicrographs present normal and abnormal blood cells from a variety of hematological conditions along with descriptive text

Lectures on scientific data, educational lectures, and the various other forms of oral presentation are the basis for every medical meeting. Physicians are not professionally trained in giving lectures. This becomes very obvious when one visits a medical meeting. Often the message of the presentation is lost because of poor preparation, slides that fail to communicate effectively, and a generally unconvincing performance by the lecturer. To give a high-quality lecture that will be remembered for its content and form, one first has to learn some basic rules about preparation, PowerPoint slides, and oral communication. This book will enable the reader to overcome all the common presentation mistakes and to start a new career as a professional lecturer and esteemed faculty member.

Hematological malignancies, defined as cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, represent a serious health care challenge for oncologists. Chapter One focuses on cytogenetic and molecular markers and summarizes their importance in identification, treatment and prognosis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Chapter Two details the efficacy of treatment of myeloid hematologic malignancies with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations by inhibitors of this enzyme. Chapter Three describes the use of Selinexor and other drugs for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Chapter Four explains the utility of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von tubularem HIF auf die renale EPO-Produktion generierte Navid Farsijani ein genetisches Mausmodell, in dem durch tubulare Vhl-Ablation, tubulare Epithelzellen HIF uberexprimieren. Die tubulare Vhl-Ablation fuhrte zu einer prompten Suppression der renalen EPO-Produktion. Anhand weitere konditioneller Mausmodelle zeigt der Autor, dass die Entwicklung der Anamie von HIF-abhangig ist, proximale Tubuluszellen fur die Regulation von EPO im Nephron verantwortlich sind und die tubulare Vhl-Ablation mit einer Reduktion der mitochondrialen Masse sowie einer Erhoehung des kortikalen Gewebssauerstoffpartialdruckes (PtO2) einhergeht. Dies spricht fur eine multi-zellulare Regulation der renalen EPO-Synthese, in der eine Homoeostase zwischen tubularen Epithelzellen und REPC fur eine adaquate EPO-Produktion der Niere notwendig ist. Zudem koennte der EPO-suppressive Effekt von tubularem HIF einen pathophysiologischen Faktor in der Entstehung von renalen Anamien darstellen.

Blood substitutes are solutions designed for use in patients who need blood transfusions, but for whom whole blood is not available, or is not safe. This interest has intensified in the wake of the AIDS and hepatitis C epidemics. Blood Substitutes describes the rationale, current approaches, clinical efficacy, and design issues for all blood substitutes now in clinical trials. The many summary diagrams and tables help make the book accessible to readers such as surgeons and blood bankers, who have less technical expertise than the biochemists and hematologists who are designing and testing blood substitutes.
* Includes chapters necessary to the understanding of blood substitutes, including history, toxicity, physiology, and clinical applications
* Presents detailed descriptions of the various products that have been developed and have advanced to clinical trials, and some that are in earlier states of development

'Cancer Clinical Pharmacology' provides a comprehensive account of the scientific basis of anti-cancer therapy in patients with solid tumours and haematological malignancies. An international group of experts have brought together information on the basic principles of pharmacology and tumour biology, bioanalytical aspects, pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacodynamics of anti-cancer agents. The clinical pharmacology of individual anti-cancer agents are covered, including the most important recently registered novel anti-cancer drugs. This book will prove an invaluable source of information for all trainees in oncology, haematology and internal medicine. Since cancer clinical pharmacology is a vast subject this book will be useful for all individuals involved in cancer pharmacology such as nurses, pharmacists, general pharmacologists, and cancer scientists.

This is the third book in a new international, multi-contributed series aimed at providing practical, clinical guidance on how to deal with difficult symptoms related to specific cancer sites. There are few more distressing problems for patients and families than the development of a primary or secondary brain tumor. Treatment is often palliative, though intensive, from the start. Little firm evidence exists to guide the physician in caring for patients with seizures refractory to standard treatment. Most of the work is based on case reports or personal experience. This book draws the information together in an easily accessible form so that the book can be read and referred to on the ward, or before a domiciliary visit.
Specialists in palliative care and oncology settings, working in the acute sector and in hospices, will find this book invaluable. It will also appeal to consultants as well as specialist registrars, clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners in palliative care, oncology and neurology.

Fully revised throughout, the second edition of Manual of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation is based on the in-house handbook used at the world-renowned Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. It is a practical pocket manual for all members of the stem cell and bone marrow transplant team. Written by experts at Dana-Farber, the contents are handily arranged in outline format for maximum usefulness and convenience. This essential and user-friendly manual covers all aspects of the transplantation process, from stem cell processing through management of transplant-related complications. Topics discussed thoroughly include evaluation and counselling of patients and donors, preventative care, graft-versus-host disease and conditioning regimens. A new extensive chapter on oral health in stem cell transplantation has been added. These features make the Manual of Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Transplantation an ideal resource for the entire transplant team.

With hundreds of question and answer items and bite-sized chunks of information that can be read and processed easily, reviewing for the pediatric board exams - or just brushing up in your spare time - has never been easier. Pediatric Tricky Topics, Volume 2: A Practically Painless Review includes review items in pediatric immunology, hematology, oncology, nephrology, urology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and gynecology, among others. Selected expanded sections provide more in-depth information, while the Q&A format allows for self-testing or study with a partner or a group and is practical and accessible enough to dip into during a few minutes of downtime at the hospital or office. As such, it is suitable for those studying for the pediatric board exam, practicing physicians brushing up their skills, and any busy medical student, nurse or clinician who wants to learn more about these topics while on the go.

This book provides up-to-date, clinically relevant information on a range of complex issues relating to supportive care strategies for the recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation. The topics addressed include the prevention, recognition, and treatment of transplant-related side effects; management of pretransplant comorbidities; supportive care for specific age groups; quality of life issues in patients who experience graft-versus-host disease; mental and spiritual health care; caregiver and healthcare provider support strategies; and important issues related to end of life care. The aim is to supply hematologists, oncologists, transplant specialists, and palliative care physicians with practical knowledge that can be immediately applied in patient care to optimize transplant-related outcomes. The book's format, which offers concise, non-exhaustive coverage of these and other unique topics, is supplemented by a wealth of working tables, algorithms, and figures, ensuring that it will also serve hematology, oncology and transplant trainees as a reliable companion during their daily work. The authors are world-renowned experts in the field of hematopoietic transplantation and palliative care medicine, and present well-reasoned opinions based on their own experiences and draw attention to relevant results from potentially high-impact clinical trials.

This comprehensive book is written to inform and improve outcomes of patients in need of blood management during surgical procedures. Information is presented in an accessible format, allowing for immediate use in clinical practice. Beginning with an overview of the history of blood transfusions, early chapters present the foundational information needed to comprehend information in later chapters. Nuanced procedures, drugs, and techniques are covered, including new biologicals to assist clotting and blood substitutes. Further discussions focus on potential complications seen in blood transfusions, such as diseases of the coagulation system, pathogen transmissions, and acute lung injuries. Chapters also examine the complexities of treating specific demographics, of which include the geriatric patient and patients suffering from substance abuse. Essentials of Blood Product Management in Anesthesia Practice is an invaluable guide for anesthesiologists, surgeons, trauma physicians, and solid organ transplant providers.

Sickle cell disease was recognized to have a molecular basis more than 50 years ago, since when knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease has paralleled the developments of molecular biology. Characterized by a striking red cell deformity, a great deal has been learnt about the mechanisms involved and animal models developed over the last 10 years have contributed to these studies. Despite greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms, this knowledge has had little impact in improving management at the bedside. It is the authors' belief that much of importance remains to be learnt from clinical studies which ultimately may define the questions most relevant for our molecular colleagues to answer. Jamaica has provided a superb setting for clinical studies, which initially documented the extremely variable clinical course and then proceeded to seek the determinants in a Cohort Study based on newborn diagnosis and follow-up which has continued for the past 27 years. This new edition of Sickle Cell Disease reviews the history and many of the recent developments in laboratory studies but retains the perspective of a practising clinician. A critical appraisal of the available observations and evidence has sought to define the best practice in its management.

Die Morphologie war schon immer die Basis der klinischen und experimen- tellen Hiimatologie. Die Knochenmarkaspiration mittels Punktionskaniile liefert seit iiber 50 Jahren, seit M. J. Arinkin 1929 (in Folia Haematologica 38: 233) die Methode der Nadelaspiration des Knochenmarks beschrieb, das Material zur Erkennung abnormer blutbildender Zellen und damit zur Diagnose von Blutkrankheiten. Ausstrichpriiparate des Aspirats, gefiirbt nach Pappenheim, liefem bestechend klare zytomorphologische Details. Wegen der unterschiedlichen Verteilung der hiimatopoetischen Zellen in den Markriiumen kann aber die Aspiration die wirkliche Zellanordnung nicht wiedergeben; auch kann sie die riiumlichen Beziehungen der hiimato- poetischen Zellen im Markstroma nieht aufkliiren; erst recht nieht die Wachstumsmuster maligner Lymphome und anderer Neoplasien sowie die Auswirkungen intramedulliirer Krankheiten auf den Knochen oder ossiirer Krankheiten auf das Mark. Die chirurgisch entnommene Markbiopsie ist iilter als die Nadelaspira- tion; die friihesten Beschreibungen dieser Technik stammen von Pianese (1903), der Mark aus der Femurepiphyse entnahm, und von Ghedini (1908), der den oberen Anteil der Tibia biopsierte. Erst spiiter wurde die Technik der Biopsieentnahme aus dem Brustbein und dem Beckenkamm entwiekelt. Letztere setzte sich als diagnostische Ergiinzungsmethode zur Markpunk- tion durch. Die einfache Aspirationsmethode stand im Widerspruch zu den schwierigeren Biopsietechniken. SchlieBlich lohnte das diagnostische End- produkt der Biopsie kaum die Miihen bei der Herstellung der Gewebs- schnitte. Wiihrend die Biopsieentnahme durch bessere Nadelmodifikatio- nen einfacher wurde, blieben die Schnitte entkalkter Biopsien beim Stu- dium der Zellmorphologie nur ein zweitrangiger Ersatz fUr das Aspirations- material.

Immer noch gilt - nach fast einem halben Jahrhundert intensiver Forschung- das bertihmte Wort des Schweizer Kinderklinikers WILLI, daB es kaum eine arzt- lich traurigere und zugleich medizinisch interessantere Erkrankung gibt ais die Leukamie. Dieser Band enthalt 19 Ubersichtsreferate und 73 Einzelvortrage zum Thema Leukamie, das die Veranstalter und Herausgeber als einziges Thema des XV. Deutschen Hamatologenkongresses yom 4. bis 6. Oktober 1971 in Kain ausgewahlt haben. Selbst mit dieser Konzentration muBte auf viele Aspekte der experimentellen Leukosen verzichtet werden. Dagegen bringen die tiber 90 Vortrage bis weit in die Grundiagen hinein die derzeit wohl graBte deutschsprachige Ubersicht der Ktinik der Leukosen, darunter: Pathologie, Cytologie, Cytogenetik, Cytochemie, Pro- liferationskinetik, Biochemie, Epidemiologie, Differentialdiagnostik, Chemo- therapie, Strahientherapie, Immuntherapie, Substitutionsbehandlung, Prophylaxe und Bekampfung von Komplikationen. Unser erster Dank gilt den Autoren aus dem Ausiand und aus der Bundes- republik, die in den Vortragen ftir alle praktisch wichtigen Leukamieformen ihre persanliche Erfahrung und ihre Kenntnis der Literatur zu kritischen Aussagen und abgewogenen Empfehlungen zusammengefaBt haben, zunachst als KongreB- vortrage, spater in besonderen Uberarbeitungen fUr diesen Band. So hoffen wir, daB - mit Hilfe einer strengen thematischen Systematik und eines Stichwort- verzeichnisses - die Spezialisten ebenso wie die praktisch tatigen Kollegen in dem Band die jeweils gesuchten aktuellen Informationen finden werden. Weiterhin danken wir den Herren des Organisations- und Redaktionsstabes Dr. F. As BECK, Dr. W. GERICKE, Dr. H. LINKER, Dr. W. HIRSCHMANN, Dr. A.

1m Verlauf der in den letzten Jahren und Jahrzehnten erzielten groBen Fortschritte der Pathophysiologie der BluteiweiBe wurde die Analyse der Plasmaproteine zu einem der aktuellsten Kapitel der modernen klinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik. Neben den Methoden der direkten chemischen und elektrophoretischen EiweiBbestimmung ist es vor allem das Phano- men der krankheitsbedingten Kolloidstabilitatsveranderung von Serum und Plasma, dessen diagnQstische Nutzbarmachung mit einem tiber- waltigenden Arbeitsaufwand von seiten zahlloser Forscher vorangetrie- ben wurde und standig weiter ausgebaut wird. Die hierbei beschrittenen Wege sind vielfaltig; sie entsprangen zum Teil sehr unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen und dienten den verschiedenartigsten praktischen Zwek- ken. Die Reihe der so im Laufe der Zeit fUr diagnostische Aufgaben in der Klinik (Leberfunktionsprtifung, Aktivitatsfeststellung bei Tuber- kulose und anderen entztindlichen Erkrankungen, Karzinomdiagnostik usw. ) entwickelten Kolloid-Labilitatsreaktionen des Blutes umfaBt be- reits tiber 250 Methoden. Die mit ihnen gesammelten Erkenntnisse brachten eine beachtliche Ausweitung unseres Wissens tiber die Humoral- pathologie des Blutes. Trotzdem ist das allgemeine Urteil tiber diesen Zweig der klinischen Diagnostik auch heute noch bemerkenswert un- einheitlich, und es bestehen tiber die wirkliche Leistungsfiihigkeit der sogenannten Labilitatsreaktionen vielerorts falsche Vorstellungen. Es sind dabei aIle Auffassungen zu finden von einer kritiklosen Dberschat- zung einerseits bis zur grundsatzlichen Ablehnung dieser Methoden an- dererseits. Infolge der Beteiligung fast aller Facher der Medizin an der Entwicklung der Kolloidstabilitatsdiagnostik des Blutes und der dadurch weit verstreuten einschlagigen Literatur ist die Verschaffung eines um- fassenderen Dberblicks tiber dieses Gebiet nicht einfach.

In der Lehre von dem Elute und den Elutkrankheiten hat sich in den Jahren, die seit dem ersten Erscheinen dieses Buches verflossen sind, die biologisch-funktionelle Betrachtungsweise weiter durchgesetzt. Diese ist zwar auch heute noch eine vorwiegend morphologische, jedoch hat sich in der Folge der letzten 30 Jahre die Auffassung des Blutes und seiner Bil- dungsstatten als eines eigenen Gesamtorgans, des Blutorgans, sowie die Erforschung seiner funktionellen und biologischen Reaktionsweisen unter physiologischen und pathologischen Bedingungen immer mehr gefestigt, wahrend dagegen in den Kinder- und Jiinglingsjahren der Hamatologie als einer Spezialwissenschaft die Betrachtung der Einzelzelle und ihrer morphologischen Veranderungen im Vordergrund stand. Als zum Beispiel der Verfasser gemeinsam mit K. ZIEGLER im Jahre 1908 an umfangreichen Untersuchungen iiber die leukozytotischen Elutverande- rungen bei den Infektionskrankheiten zum ersten Male den Nachweis fiihrte, daB es sich hier nicht um Einzelbilder der jeweiligen Infektion handele, sondern daB den kurvenmaBigen Bewegungen der verschiedenen Elutzellformen ein sinnvolles, einheitliches und biologisches Gesetz zugrunde liege, das in jedem Einzelfalle einer Infektionskrankheit im Prinzip gewahrt bleibe, fand diese Grundlegung fiir eine funktionell-biologische Betrach- tungsweise der Leukozytose keinerlei Beachtung. Es dauerte noch fast 2 Jahrzehnte, bis SCHILLING die prinzipiell gleichen Erkenntnisse zum Auf- bau seiner Lehre von der biologischen Leukozytenkurve bewegten. Die bis dahin vollig unbekannte biologische Funktion der eosinophilen Blut- zellen wurde durch den Verfasser experimentell geklart, indem ihre Bezie- hungen zum parenteralen EiweiBabbau und zur Allergie und Anaphylaxie bewiesen werden konnten.

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells depend strongly on the function of ion pumps present in their membranes. The term ion pump, synonymous with active ion-transport system, refers to a membrane-associated protein that translocates ions uphill against an electrochemical potential gradient. Primary ion pumps utilize energy derived from chemical reactions or from the absorption of light, while secondary ion pumps derive the energy for uphill movement of one ionic species from the downhill movement of another species.
In the present volume, various aspects of ion pump structure, mechanism, and regulation are treated using mostly the ion-transporting ATPases as examples. One chapter has been devoted to a secondary ion pump, the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, not only because of the vital role played by this transport system in regulation of cardiac contractility, but also because it exemplifies the interesting mechanistic and structural similarities between primary and secondary pumps.