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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Haematology
This text is a review of molecular immunohematology (MI). It draws
from analyses and case studies around the world and details many
techniques used in many labs. It is aimed at anyone interested in
how MI is changing blood bank and transfusion medicine.
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a family of clonal haematopoietic
stem cells disorders characterized by dysplasia, ineffective
hematopoiesis and susceptibility to transformation to Acute
Myeloblastic Leukaemia (AML) that are shown to be strikingly
refractory to current therapeutic modalities. The first chapter of
this book provides a detailed review of the risk factors, treatment
options and prognosis of MDS. Chapter two studies the inflammatory
and autoimmune nature of MDS. Chapter three discusses the
pathogenesis of 5q-syndrome. Chapter four examines the genetic
mutations identified in MDS and their significance. Chapter five
reviews different prognostic factors and stratifications of risk in
Argentinean patients with MDS. Chapter six discusses epigenetics
and epigenetic therapy. Chapter seven introduces mild oral
chemotherapy treatments for elderly patients with a higher-risk
myelodyspastic syndrome. Chapter eight discusses lenalidomide
treatment in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Chapter nine
analyzes the old and new-integrating prognostic models and
mutational advances with epigenetic and cellular therapies for MDS.
The last chapter studies the entropy evaluation of bone marrow
biopsies in MDS.
In Banning Queer Blood, Jeffrey Bennett frames blood donation as a
performance of civic identity closely linked to the meaning of
citizenship. However, with the advent of AIDS came the notion of
blood donation as a potentially dangerous process. Bennett argues
that the Food and Drug Administration, by employing images that
specifically depict gay men as contagious, has categorized gay men
as a menace to the nation. The FDA's ban on blood donation by gay
men remains in effect and serves to propagate the social
misconceptions about gay men that circulate within both the
straight and gay communities today. Bennett explores the role of
scientific research cited by these banned-blood policies and its
disquieting relationship to government agencies, including the FDA.
Bennett draws parallels between the FDA's position on homosexuality
and the historical precedents of discrimination by government
agencies against racial minorities. The author concludes by
describing the resistance posed by queer donors, who either lie in
order to donate blood or protest discrimination at donation sites,
and by calling for these prejudiced policies to be abolished.
Developed specifically for student nurses and based on the author's
over thirty years of teaching experience, Interpreting Arterial
Blood Gases the Easy Way teaches students a step-by-step method for
interpreting blood gases and helps them learn how to apply the
interpretations. The booklet is divided into two parts. Part I
teaches students to differentiate between acidic and alkaline
states, identify respiratory or metabolic changes in blood gases,
and recognize compensated, partially compensated, and uncompensated
states. In Part II students apply what they have learned in order
to recognize signs and symptoms of abnormal blood gases, identify
appropriate interventions, and understand the meaning and
significance of specific oxygenation levels. Clear and
well-organized, the material features quizzes for self-evaluation,
critical thinking questions, and tips that may assist with the
National Council Licensure Examination. Knowledge of basic
physiology and acid-base balance is recommended before using the
booklet, but the information is also reviewed. Interpreting
Arterial Blood Gases the Easy Way is an excellent choice for
nursing programs. It can also be used in training respiratory
therapists and emergency medical technicians.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder caused by an
abnormality of hemoglobin. The disease is characterized by a
chronic hemolytic anemia. The search for affordable and accessible
medicines mainly from plants and having various modes of actions
for managing SCD is a priority in Africa where the disease is
endemic. The first chapter in this book reviews children with
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). The authors also present their research
that shows that clinically, children with SCD behave differently
regarding their genetics. The second chapter gives an overview of
the current progress in research in calcium handling in red blood
cells of sickle cell disease patients, followed by an outlook into
the potential use of blockers of the cation channels for therapy of
SCD patients. The third chapter reviews and validates the
pharmacological relevance of "Gardenia ternifolia" and sustains the
use of this herbal medicine in the management of SCD in traditional
medical systems. The fourth chapter reviews the search and the
development of antisickling herbal drugs in Africa, where Sickle
cell disease (SCD) is an endemic. The last chapter reviews SCD and
its impact on sexual functioning as well as relationship dynamics.
Conclusions support the importance of social support and its
far-reaching impact into the coping mechanisms of patients with
chronic illness as well as quality of life.
Coagulopathy (also called clotting disorder and bleeding disorder)
is a condition in which the blood's ability to clot (coagulate) is
impaired. Acquired hemophilia is a rare disorder characterized by
spontaneous bleeding in a patient with no previous personal or
family hemorrhagic history. The first chapter explores the
challenges associated with this disease, its unfamiliarity often
causing a delay in diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. The second
chapter focuses on lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) in
children, describing the epidemiology, etiology and clinical
management. The third chapter reviews the pathogenesis, risk
factors and treatment strategies of coagulopathy in patients with
craniocerebral injury. The next article examines Vitamin B12 with
its four cobalamin vitamers, which often play a role in
coagulation. The next chapter starts with a description of the
methodology of viscoelastic hemostatic assay, followed by a review
of literature on the utilization of thrombelastography (TEG) or
rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Finally, the role of TEG and
ROTEM to monitor or guide prophylaxis/treatment of thromboembolic
events and the limitations of using them to detect
hypercoagulability and identify patients with increased risks for
thromboembolic complications are discussed. The final chapter of
this book focuses on the use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in
patients who are not actively bleeding, critically questions these
assumptions in the context of pre-procedural administration of FFP,
and also examines why carrying out high quality trails in this area
has been so problematic.
Behcet's disease is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of
unknown etiology involving multiple organs. Along with blindness,
other bodily functions are greatly affected by this disease;
conditions of the vascular, intestinal and central nervous systems
are usually life threatening and require aggressive therapy.
Recently, significant progress has been made in several areas of
this disease. The introduction of biological agents (such as
anti-TNF) have had a positive impact on the effectiveness of
treatments. However, there are still a number of unmet needs in
various fields of this disease. Despite this, there remains a
number of unaddressed issues concerning the treatments of this
disease. Several genes have been shown to be associated with this
disease, in addition to HLA-B51. Abnormalities in several subsets
of T helper cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
Behcet's disease. Recent advances in the field of innate immunity
have shed light on the new aspects of Behcet's disease; that is,
this disease has both autoimmunity and autoinflammatory aspects. On
the other hand, there are still controversies as to the diagnosis
and treatment of recalcitrant manifestations of the disease. This
publication highlights the most recent understanding of Behcet's
disease and raises several unanswered questions in both basic to
clinical treatment of this ailment. The contents of this book are
primarily based on the most up-to-date results of research programs
sponsored by the Japanese government as well as findings from
Korean researchers. In particular, novel classification for
neurological involvement (which has been discovered in Japan) led
to the establishment of diagnostic criteria and treatment
recommendation. Thus, this publication brings forth useful
information for a variety of specialists who are involved in the
management of this intractable disease.
Fanconi Anemia (FA), a rare genetic disease featuring excess cancer
risk and chromosomal instability, has received growing interest
after the discovery that one of the defective genes in FA is
associated with high-impact diseases such as familial breast cancer
and ovary cancers. A well-documented relationship has accumulated
in several decades and up to recently, studies have linked FA with
a redox imbalance (oxidative stress, OS) in FA cells. The toxicity
mechanisms of crosslinking agents (mitomycin C and diepoxybutane)
in FA cells, along with the roles of OS-related aldehydes and
glutathione in FA and in other diseases, are critically discussed.
Also discussed is the proinflammatory state in FA phenotype.
Additionally, recent studies have discovered an impairment in the
structure and function of mitochondria in FA cell lines, while
mitochondrial dysfunction in FA patients has so far been an
unexplored field warranting ad hoc investigations. This book
provides the readers with up-to-date information and perspectives
on Fanconi anemia and oxidative stress that may prompt further
elucidation of this intriguing disease, along with working
hypotheses in clinical research and patients' management.
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
(NHL) with varying clinical presentations, ranging from indolent
disease to highly aggressive symptoms. MCL represents approximately
3-10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and has increased in incidence over
the past several decades. The majority of patients respond to
initial therapy, but remission duration is typically short. This
book discusses the clinical characteristics of mantle cell
lymphoma, as well as its prevalence and examines several treatment
options available.
This book discusses different aspects of neutropenia including
drug-induced neutropenia, which is quite common, and neutropenia in
chemotherapy-treated patients. The authors offer an
all-encompassing approach to the pathobiology and treatment of
neutropenic disorders. This book reviews current information
concerning neutropenia. There have been significant advances in
medicine; however, bacterial infections continue to contribute
significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with
neutropenia particularly cancer patients who develop
chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In this setting, it is important
to understand pathophysiology of neutropenia and have a logical
approach in diagnosis and treatment of neutropenia. Gathering all
this information in one book will be of immense benefit for
healthcare workers including physicians, pharmacists, physician
assistants, nurse practitioners and nurses and this in turn will
help them improve the care of their patients. It will also be of
benefit for pharmacists as a source of clinical and pharmacological
knowledge. For researchers undertaking research in the field of
hemato-oncology or pharmacology, this will be a useful starting
point for reviewing the literature. The editors have tried to allow
information in book chapters to show different aspects and various
view points on related issues.
Decreased platelet counts can be due to a number of disease
processes causing decreased platelet production, increased platelet
destruction, or can be medication-induced. Health care providers
have to differentiate inherited thrombocytopenias, primary immune
thrombocytopenias (ITP), secondary immune thrombocytopenias,
myelodysplastic syndromes with thrombocytopenia, bone marrow
failure syndromes and non-immune thrombocytopenias. ITP is the most
common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia. This book focuses on
discussing ITP in adults; new treatment for ITP; thrombocytopenia
during pregnancy; the different diagnosis of thrombocytopenia;
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; and thrombocytopenia in dengue.
Anaemia is defined as the decrease in haemoglobin from normal
values either by loss of red blood cells or deficit in production
or both. Haemoglobin is the major transporter of oxygen. The
variation in haemoglobin is therefore a factor in determining the
cardiac output. This book begins by discussing the effects anaemia
has on heart diseases. The book then continues to discuss the
influence of iron deficiency anaemia and recovery on
oxidative/antioxidant status; influence of iron deficiency anaemia
on bone metabolism; sickle cell anaemia; anaemia in myelodysplastic
syndromes; transfusion in chronic anaemia; the prevalence, risk
factors and management with a focus on chronic kidney disease;
strategy for treating anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients
from the standpoint of iron utility; and parasitic anaemia.
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