Rationalization is concerned with making the most effective use of the resources available. In many places where this process is taking place it is plagued with public opposition and misunderstanding. Hitherto rationalization in the acute care sector has primarily been concerned with closing sites closing beds moving beds between services and moving beds from one site to another. This book discusses the need for rationalization in the context of health service reforms and future strategy. It considers recent changes in the health service the case for rationalization health care needs the role of public relations the future of the acute care hospital site and facilities appraisal and the costs of rationalization. The text is essential reading for managers and clinicians involved in acute care services non-executive members of boards and trusts and students of health services management.

IVF can seem like a daunting prospect. An often expensive emotional and physical rollercoaster, and one that is filled with new and strange jargon. How do you choose a clinic or decide which treatment options are right for you? And how do you avoid getting sucked into a black hole of late night googling, searching for answers? This fully up to date handbook contains everything you need to know about the ever evolving world of IVF, with professional insights from top level consultants and counsellors. Science journalist Jheni Osman holds your hand through the process, taking you step by step through each stage, and cuts through the confusing terminology and information overload. Find out exactly how IVF and ICSI work, what the different medications involved do, and the costs involved. Learn about why some of us struggle to conceive, how to handle the ups and downs, and what can be done to improve your chances of conception via IVF.

Clinicians and scientists are increasingly recognising the importance of an evolutionary perspective in studying the aetiology, prevention, and treatment of human disease; the growing prominence of genetics in medicine is further adding to the interest in evolutionary medicine. In spite of this, too few medical students or residents study evolution. This book builds a compelling case for integrating evolutionary biology into undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, as well as its intrinsic value to medicine. Chapter by chapter, the authors - experts in anthropology, biology, ecology, physiology, public health, and various disciplines of medicine - present the rationale for clinically-relevant evolutionary thinking. They achieve this within the broader context of medicine but through the focused lens of maternal and child health, with an emphasis on female reproduction and the early-life biochemical, immunological, and microbial responses influenced by evolution. The tightly woven and accessible narrative illustrates how a medical education that considers evolved traits can deepen our understanding of the complexities of the human body, variability in health, susceptibility to disease, and ultimately help guide treatment, prevention, and public health policy. However, integrating evolutionary biology into medical education continues to face several roadblocks. The medical curriculum is already replete with complex subjects and a long period of training. The addition of an evolutionary perspective to this curriculum would certainly seem daunting, and many medical educators express concern over potential controversy if evolution is introduced into the curriculum of their schools. Medical education urgently needs strategies and teaching aids to lower the barriers to incorporating evolution into medical training. In summary, this call to arms makes a strong case for incorporating evolutionary thinking early in medical training to help guide the types of critical questions physicians ask, or should be asking. It will be of relevance and use to evolutionary biologists, physicians, medical students, and biomedical research scientists.