1 Lebensmitteluberwachung.- 1.1. Reasons for initiating the work.- 1.1 Geschichtliches.- 1.2 Grundlagen des heutigen Lebensmittelrechts.- 1.3 Grundsatze der UEberwachung.- 1.4 Zustandigkeiten und Organisation der Lebensmitteluberwachung in den einzelnen Bundeslandern.- 1.5 Durchfuhrung der UEberwachung.- 1.5.1 Sorgfaltspflicht der Hersteller.- 1.5.2 Amtliche UEberwachung.- 1.5.3 UEberwachungsbeamte.- 1.5.4 Zusammenarbeit der an der UEberwachung beteiligten Personen.- 1.6 Betriebskontrolle.- 1.7 Entnahme von Proben.- 1.7.1 Zahl und Auswahl der Proben.- 1.7.2 Planprobe.- 1.7.3 Verdachtsprobe.- 1.7.4 Beschwerdeprobe.- 1.7.5 Vergleichsprobe.- 1.7.6 Gegenprobe.- 1.7.7 Proben fur Monitoring-Programme.- 1.8 Untersuchung und Gutachten.- 1.8.1 Organisation und Ausstattung der Laboratorien.- 1.8.2 Untersuchungen.- 1.8.3 Untersuchungen unter Berucksichtigung der europaischen Normen EN 45001 bis 45003 und der guten Laborpraxis.- 1.8.4 Gutachten.- 1.9 Massnahmen der UEberwachung.- 1.9.1 Freiwillige Massnahmen der Betroffenen.- 1.9.2 Anordnungen.- 1.9.3 Beschlagnahme, Sicherstellung.- 1.9.4 Warnung und Information der OEffentlichkeit.- 1.10 Literatur.- 2 Industrielle Qualitatssicherung.- 2.1 Was ist Qualitat?.- 2.2 Die Erwartung des Kunden.- 2.3 Qualitatssicherung.- 2.3.1 Historie der Qualitatssicherung.- 2.3.2 Praventives Qualitatsmanagement.- 2.3.3 Aufbau einer Qualitatssicherungsabteilung.- 2.4 Die Instrumente der Qualitatssicherung.- 2.4.1 Qualitatspolitik.- 2.4.2 Briefing und Umsetzung.- 2.4.3 Lebensmittelrechtliche Aspekte.- 2.4.4 Rohwaren-und Packmittelspezifikation.- 2.4.5 Lieferantenaudit.- 2.4.6 Kontrollierte Erzeugung.- 2.4.7 Rohwareneingang.- 2.4.8 Bau-und Anlagendesign.- 2.4.9 Rezeptur-und Herstellanweisung.- 2.4.10 HACCP.- 2.4.11 Quality Monitoring.- 2.4.12 Good Laboratory Practice.- 2.4.13 Good Manufacturing Practice.- 2.4.14 Fertigwarenspezifikation.- 2.4.15 Lager-und Versandanweisungen.- 2.4.16 Loskennzeichnung.- 2.4.17 Warenruckrufsystem und Krisenmanagement.- 2.4.18 Dokumentationssystem und Archivierung.- 2.4.19 UEbergeordnete QS-Massnahmen.- 2.4.20 Qualitatskosten.- 2.4.21 Industrial Organisation und Controlling.- 2.5 Personalqualifikation.- 2.6 Zertifizierung von QS-Systemen.- 2.7 Amtliche Lebensmitteluberwachung.- 2.8 Total Quality Management.- 2.9 Literatur.- 3 Lebensmittelrecht und EG.- 3.1 Einfuhrung.- 3.1.1 Die Europaische Gemeinschaft und ihre Rechtsordnung.- 3.1.2 Die Organe der Europaischen Gemeinschaft.- 3.2 EWG-Vertrag und Einheitliche Europaische Akte - Bestimmungen, die fur das Lebensmittelrecht von Bedeutung sind.- 3.3 Rechtssetzung in der Europaischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft.- 3.3.1 Rechtssetzungsmassnahmen.- 3.3.2 Rechtssetzungsverfahren.- 3.4 EG-Lebensmittelrecht und fur den Verbraucherschutz bedeutsame Regelungen im EG-Agrarrecht.- 3.4.1 EWG-Verordnungen.- 3.4.2 EWG-Richtlinien.- 3.4.2.1 Horizontale EWG-Richtlinien.- 3.4.2.2 Vertikale EWG-Richtlinien.- 3.4.3 Entscheidungen des Europaischen Gerichtshofes.- 3.4.4 Neuer Ansatz der Kommission im gemeinschaftlichen Lebensmittelrecht.- 3.5 Ausschusse der Kommission und ihre Aufgaben.- 3.5.1 Wissenschaftlicher Lebensmittelausschuss.- 3.5.2 Beratender Lebensmittelausschuss.- 3.5.3 Weitere Ausschusse bei der Kommission mit Bedeutung fur den Lebensmittelbereich.- 3.6 Prinzipien der Lebensmitteluberwachung in der EG.- 3.7 Literatur.- 4 Lebensmittelbedarfsgegenstande.- 4.1 Warengruppen.- 4.2 Beurteilungsgrundlagen.- 4.2.1 Deutsche Rechtsvorschriften.- 4.2.2 Richtlinien der EG.- 4.2.3 Standardisierung von Prufverfahren.- 4.2.4 Empfehlungen des Bundesgesundheitsamtes.- 4.3 Warenkunde.- 4.3.1 Metalle.- 4.3.1.1 Aluminium.- 4.3.1.2 Nichtrostende Stahle.- 4.3.1.3 Zinn.- 4.3.1.4 Sonstige Werkstoffe aus Metall.- 4.3.2 Silikatische Materialien.- 4.3.2.1 Glas.- 4.3.2.2 Keramik.- 4.3.2.3 Email.- 4.3.2.4 UEbergang von Inhaltsstoffen.- 4.3.3 Papier, Karton und Pappe.- 4.3.3.1 Definitionen.- 4.3.3.2 Papierherstellung.- 4.3.4 Kautschuk und Elas

These conference proceedings provide a comprehensive overview of and in-depth technical information on all possible bioenergy resources (solid, liquid, and gaseous), including cutting-edge themes such as advanced fuels and biogas. The book includes current state-of-the-art topics ranging from feedstocks and cost-effective conversion processes to biofuels economic analysis and environmental policy, and features case studies and quizzes for each section derived from the implementation of actual hands-on biofuel projects to aid learning. It offers readers a starting point on this challenging and exciting path. The central concepts are defined and explained in the context of process applications under various topics. By focussing on the pertinent fundamental principles in the environment and energy sciences and by repeatedly emphasizing the importance of their correlation, it offers a strong foundation for future study and practice. Learning about fundamental properties and mechanisms on an ongoing basis is absolutely essential for long-term professional viability in a technically vibrant area such as nanotechnology. The book has been written for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical, energy and environment engineering. However, selected sections can provide the basis for courses in civil, mechanical or electrical engineering. It includes a self-contained presentation of the key concepts of energy resources, solar thermal and photovoltaic systems, nuclear energy, biomass conversion technology and agricultural-waste processing. Throughout it interweaves descriptive material on sustainable development, clean coal technology, green technology, solid-waste management and lifecycle assessments. It offers an introduction to these topics rather than comprehensive coverage of the themes and their in-depth fundamentals.

This book explores food traceability in raw materials, additives and packing of the dairy sector and it provides an accessible and succinct overview of the new Extended Traceability (ExTra) software. In this work, the authors present several practical examples of extended food traceability for edible products and food-contact materials in the cheese-making industry. Readers will also discover a summary of the existing legal and regulatory requirements for food traceability in Europe. This book will appeal to a wide readership, from academic researchers to professionals and auditors in industry working in quality control, food and packing traceability, and international regulation.

The decision to invest in oil field development is an extremely complex problem, even in the absence of uncertainty, due to the great number of technological alternatives that may be used, to the dynamic complexity of oil reservoirs - which involves mul- phase flows (oil, gas and water) in porous media with phase change, and to the c- plicated combinatorial optimization problem of choosing the optimal oil well network, that is, choosing the number and types of wells (horizontal, vertical, directional, m- tilateral) required for draining oil from a field with a view to maximizing its economic value. This problem becomes even more difficult when technical uncertainty and e- nomic uncertainty are considered. The former are uncertainties regarding the existence, volume and quality of a reservoir and may encourage an investment in information before the field is developed, in order to reduce these uncertainties and thus optimize the heavy investments required for developing the reservoir. The economic or market uncertainties are associated with the general movements of the economy, such as oil prices, gas demand, exchange rates, etc. , and may lead decision-makers to defer - vestments and wait for better market conditions. Choosing the optimal investment moment under uncertainty is a complex problem which traditionally involves dynamic programming tools and other techniques that are used by the real options theory.

The success of any concrete structure depends on the designer's sound knowledge of concrete and its behaviour under load, under temperature and humidity changes, and under exposure to the relevant environment and industrial conditions. This book gives students a thorough understanding of all aspects of concrete technology from first principles. It covers concrete ingredients, properties and behaviour in the finished structure with reference to national standards and recognised testing methods used in Britain, the European Union and the United States. Examples and problems are given throughout to emphasise the important aspects of each chapter. An excellent coursebook for all students of Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering and Building at degree or diploma level, Concrete Technology will also be a valuable reference book for practising engineers in the field.

Open dating plays a vital role in the distribution of the food products from the farm or place of manufacturing to the consumer's home. One principle is that the shelf life is a function of the distribution conditions and can be looked at as the percentage of consumers a manufacturer is willing to displease. Thus, one purpose of an open date is to give consumers enough time to purchase a food product and store it at home for a reasonable period of time before the product reaches the end of shelf-life in terms of some degree of quality change that is still acceptable.

If products are not stored or rotated properly in distribution, then older products or those of lesser quality and perhaps compromised safety because of abuse during distribution chain and causing loss of confidence in the food category. Presently, the lack of uniformity among manufacturers and across state borders has made the practice of open dating confusing and misleading for consumers, retailers and the government. This book addresses these issues, and provides scientific and legal background to both evaluate and influence federally-regulated open-dating legislation in this country

The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field.

Michael P. Richards and Jean-Jacques Hublin The study of hominin diets, and especially how they have (primates, modern humans), (2) faunal and plant studies, (3) evolved throughout time, has long been a core research archaeology and paleoanthropology, and (4) isotopic studies. area in archaeology and paleoanthropology, but it is also This volume therefore presents research articles by most of becoming an important research area in other fields such as these participants that are mainly based on their presentations primatology, nutrition science, and evolutionary medicine. at the symposium. As can hopefully be seen in the volume, Although this is a fundamental research topic, much of the these papers provide important reviews of the current research research continues to be undertaken by specialists and there in these areas, as well as often present new research on dietary is, with some notable exceptions (e. g. , Stanford and Bunn, evolution. 2001; Ungar and Teaford, 2002; Ungar, 2007) relatively lit- In the section on modern studies Hohmann provides a tle interaction with other researchers in other fields. This is review of the diets of non-human primates, including an unfortunate, as recently it has appeared that different lines interesting discussion of the role of food-sharing amongst of evidence are causing similar conclusions about the major these primates. Snodgrass, Leonard, and Roberston provide issues of hominid dietary evolution (i. e.

This book was conceived from a simple question as to why cancer is so difficult to treat. Ultimately we want to find ways to cure cancers, but that may be an elusive dream at least with the technologies we have now and expect to have in the near future. This leads the question of whether it is possible to improve current cancer treatment methods, especially from the perspective of enhancing targeted drug delivery to tumors. This volume is designed to provide information related to the difficulties in treating cancers through targeted drug delivery, our current understanding of cancer biology, and potential technologies that might be used to achieve enhanced drug delivery to tumors. An ideal drug delivery system for treating cancers would maximize the therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects in clinical applications. The seemingly improved anticancer efficacy of the current nanoparticle-based formulations needs to be viewed from the context of very poor success rates for translation to human applications. The results of in vitro cell culture models and small animal in vivo experiments have not been extrapolated to clinical applications. Finding the reasons for the lack of successful translation is required if we are to discover approaches to substantially extend the survival time of cancer patients, and hopefully identify cures. Cancer Targeted Drug Delivery: Elusive Dream describes some answers of achieving the so far elusive dream of treating cancers like other chronic diseases with therapies that focus using improved drug delivery systems designed to better align with the unique biological and physiological properties of cancer.

This book presents a collection of studies on state-of-art techniques for converting biomass to chemical products by means of pyrolysis, which are widely applicable to the valorization of biomass. In addition to discussing the fundamentals and mechanisms for producing bio-oils, chemicals, gases and biochar using pyrolysis, it outlines key reaction parameters and reactor configurations for various types of biomass. Written by leading experts and providing a broad range of perspectives on cutting-edge applications, the book is a comprehensive reference guide for academic researchers and industrial engineers in the fields of natural renewable materials, biorefinery of lignocellulose, biofuels, and environmental engineering, and a valuable resource for university students in the fields of chemical engineering, material science and environmental engineering.

This book addresses the highly relevant and complex subject of research on drugs from natural products, discussing the current hot topics in the field. It also provides a detailed overview of the strategies used to research and develop these drugs. Respected experts explore issues involved in the production chain and when looking for new medicinal agents, including aspects such as therapeutic potential, functional foods, ethnopharmacology, metabolomics, virtual screening and regulatory scenarios. Further, the book describes strategic methods of isolation and characterization of active principles, biological assays, biotechnology of plants, synthesis, clinical trials and the use of tools to identity active principles.

This book presents an innovative concept for designing a 400 kV double circuit composite tower. The major challenges encountered by the authors in the electrical design process of the composite tower are addressed. They concern material selection for the full composite cross-arm core, electrical insulation of the cross-arm, electrical dimensioning of the full composite tower, lightning shielding performance and failure of the full composite tower. The electric field performance of the tower's insulation has been investigated theoretically by using finite element method and experimentally by testing different fiber reinforced polymers as candidates. The book reports in detail those finite element simulations and tests, together with the authors' recommendations on the most suitable materials and manufacturing process as well as conductor clamp designs for the cross-arm. Another important issue of the full composite tower, which concerns the environmental aspects of the full composite tower, has also been evaluated. This book offers a timely reference guide on a highly innovative topic, addressing researchers working on power transmission system both in industry and academia.

This book addresses presents recent developments of novel planar inter digital sensors for food inspection. It covers the fundamentals of sensors, their design, modelling and simulations, fabrications, characterizations, experimental investigations and analyses. This book will be useful for the engineers and researchers especially higher undergraduate, postgraduate students as well as practitioners working on the development of Electromagnetic Sensors.

From the reviews of the First Edition: "The book has admirably met its stated goal. The whole gamut of surface and colloid science has been presented in a comprehensive manner without any undue oversimplification. The author should be congratulated for his clarity." —Advanced Materials Now in its second edition, this work remains the single most useful introduction available to the complex area of surface and colloids science. Industry expert Drew Myers walks readers through concepts, theories, and applications—keeping the mathematics to a minimum and presenting real-world case studies to illustrate key technological and biological processes. He substantially reorganizes and updates the material to reflect the current state of knowledge in the field, offering new chapters on absorption and biological systems in addition to the important areas of colloid stability, emulsions and foams, monolayer films, surfactants, and wetting. This revision also boasts an improved index, more than 200 new line drawings, general and specific chapter bibliographies, and end-of-chapter problems. Geared to scientists, technologists, and students dealing with colloidal and surface systems and their numerous industrial applications, the book imparts an understanding of the fundamental aspects of surfaces, interfaces, and colloids, which is essential for effective solutions in diverse areas of chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, engineering, and material sciences.

This timely volume explores the impact of autophagy in various human diseases, emphasizing the cell biological aspects and focusing on therapeutic approaches to these diseases. The chapters cover autophagy and its potential applications on diseases ranging from obesity, osteoarthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, and inflammation, through ALS, Parkinson's, retinal degeneration, breast cancer, alcoholic liver disease and more. The final chapters round out the book with a discussion of autophagy in drug discovery and 'bench to bedside'. Chapters are contributed by leading authorities and describe the general concepts of autophagy in health and disease, marrying cell biology and pharmacology and covering: studies derived from preclinical experiments, manufacturing considerations,and regulatory requirements pertaining to drug discovery and manufacturing and production. This volume will be useful for basic scientists as well as already practicing clinicians and advanced graduate students.

This book summarizes comprehensively many recent technical research accomplishments in the area of flame retardant research. It presents mainly flame retardant studies of polymer blends, composites and nano composites such as rubber, thermosets and thermoplastics. This book discusses different types of flame retardant using in polymers especially nano composites, as well as the role and chemistry. Leading researchers from industry, academy, government and private research institutions across the globe contribute to this book. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in research and development will benefit from an application-oriented book that helps them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems.

Development of new-generation vaccines is now more challenging than ever, as identifying, purifying and evaluating vaccine antigens is a complex undertaking. Most importantly, once the relevant antigens have been identified, key focus then shifts to the development of suitable delivery systems and formulations to achieve maximum in vivo potency with minimum potential side effects. These novel formulations-many of which will be nanoparticulates-can deliver the antigens to the desired site, to the relevant antigen presenting cells, and prevent systemic exposure of the immune potentiators. The proposed book will outline all the critical steps that need to be considered for successful development of various types of nanoparticulate delivery systems for vaccine antigens. These contributions from leading experts in the area of vaccine formulation and delivery systems will tie in what is the most current status, including clinical evaluations with these novel vaccine technologies.

This book primarily covers the general description of foodborne pathogens and their mechanisms of pathogenesis, control and prevention, and detection strategies, with easy-to-comprehend illustrations. The book is an essential resource for food microbiology graduate or undergraduate students, microbiology professionals, and academicians involved in food microbiology, food safety, and food defense-related research or teaching. This new edition covers the significant progress that has been made since 2008 in understanding the pathogenic mechanism of some common foodborne pathogens, and the host-pathogen interaction. Foodborne and food-associated zoonotic pathogens, responsible for high rates of mortality and morbidity, are discussed in detail. Chapters on foodborne viruses, parasites, molds and mycotoxins, and fish and shellfish are expanded. Additionally, chapters on opportunistic and emerging foodborne pathogens including Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Brucella abortus, Clostridium difficile, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Plesiomonas shigelloides have been added. The second edition contains more line drawings, color photographs, and hand-drawn illustrations.

This book, cohesively written by an expert author with supreme breadth and depth of perspective on polyurethanes, provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of the science and technology on one of the most commonly produced plastics. Covers the applications, manufacture, and markets for polyurethanes, and discusses analytical methods, reaction mechanisms, morphology, and synthetic routes Provides an up-to-date view of the current markets and trend analysis based on patent activity and updates chapters to include new research Includes two new chapters on PU recycling and PU hybrids, covering the opportunities and challenges in both

This book introduces models and methodologies that can be employed towards making the Industry 4.0 vision a reality within the process industries, and at the same time investigates the impact of uncertainties in such highly integrated settings. Advances in computing power along with the widespread availability of data have led process industries to consider a new paradigm for automated and more efficient operations. The book presents a theoretically proven optimal solution to multi-parametric linear and mixed-integer linear programs and efficient solutions to problems such as process scheduling and design under global uncertainty. It also proposes a systematic framework for the uncertainty-aware integration of planning, scheduling and control, based on the judicious coupling of reactive and proactive methods. Using these developments, the book demonstrates how the integration of different decision-making layers and their simultaneous optimisation can enhance industrial process operations and their economic resilience in the face of uncertainty.

This third book in the Trilogy of Traditional Foods, part of the ISEKI Food Series, covers the beneficial properties of functional foods from across the world. The volume is divided into four sections that address different key topics in the area of study. Part I provides a general overview of the material, with chapters on functional aspects of antioxidants and probiotics in traditional food. This section also includes chapters on the potential health benefits of Thai, Slovak and Turkish traditional foods. Part II contains eight chapters on cereal-based foods, including chapters on Carob flour, products from Mexican Chia, and the ancient grain Canahua. Part III is devoted to plant based foods and includes chapters on dates from Israel, medical properties of cactus products from Mexico, beneficial properties of Mastic gum from the Greek island Chios, and the properties of Argan oil from Morocco. Part IV focuses on Honey and Beverages, with chapters on functional and nutritional properties of honey and the properties of Camellia tea, as well as the Spanish drink Horchata De Chufa. The purpose of the book is to describe and sometimes evaluate properties of foods that native consumers have believed to be beneficial. All chaptersare written by practicing Food Scientists or Engineers but are written with the interested general public in mind.The book should cater to the practicing food professional as well as all who are interested in beneficial properties of traditional foods.

Water is essential for life, a strategic resource for every country and population. Its availability and sanitary safety is highly connected with the health and economy status of population. Burden of disease due to polluted water is a major public health problem throughout the world. Many pollutants in water streams have been identified as toxic and harmful to the environment and human health, and among them arsenic, mercury and cadmium are considered as high priority ones. Providing population with safe drinking water became the priority and at the same time a big challenge for the modern society. Many funding agencies in various countries have assigned a high priority to the envir- mental security and pollution prevention. UN, being one of them, launched the "International Decade for Action: Water for life 2005-2015. " Therefore, today's political and social climate presents an important opportunity to implement principles of sustainable development and to preserve resources essential for future life. This process requires interdisciplinary approach; it is critically important to stimulate interactions between medical doctors, chemists, physicist, materials scientists, engineers and policy makers, which are already experienced in their specific areas. It is also our ethical obligation to preserve existing water resources and existing eco systems enhancing their biodiversity. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Water Treatment Te- nologies for the Removal of High-Toxicity Pollutants" took place on September 13-17, 2008 in Ko ice, Slovak Republic."

This highly illustrated book presents the essential information and major constituents of laser welding, including laser brazing and laser-arc hybrid welding. Students, engineers, researchers, scientists, specialists, professors, consultants, designers, and executives worldwide will fully grasp the fundamentals, the present state, and the applications of laser welding. Welding phenomena, formation mechanisms and preventive procedures of welding defects, and process monitoring and adaptive control are especially emphasized, because understanding these aspects of laser welding greatly improves the performance of work and research and solves many problems in the field. Finally, the book shows how increasingly widespread use of a variety of materials is bringing major advances to laser welding.