Series Information:
Modern Concrete Technology

The continued and evolving significance of boron chemistry to the wider chemical community is demonstrated by the international and interdisciplinary nature of the research reported in this book. Contemporary Boron Chemistry encompasses inorganic and organic compounds as well as polymers, solid-state materials, medicinal aspects and theoretical studies. Covering many areas of chemistry with boron at its centre, topics include applications to polyolefin catalysis, medicine, materials and polymers; boron cluster chemistry, including carboranes and metal-containing clusters; organic and inorganic chemistry of species containing only 1 or 2 boron atoms; and theoretical studies of boron-containing compounds. New materials with novel optical and electronic properties are also discussed. Comprehensive and up to date, graduates and researchers in a wide range of fields, particularly those in organometallic and organic chemistry and materials science, will welcome this book.

Praise for the First Edition:

"Very useful for researchers in solid-state chemistry and as a textbook of advanced inorganic chemistry for PhD students." —Advanced Materials.

This book provides unified coverage of the structure, properties, and synthesis of transition metal oxides. Written by two world-class scientists, it offers both an excellent window on modern solid-state chemistry and a gateway to understanding the behavior of inorganic solids.

Scientists and advanced students in inorganic and solid-state chemistry, materials science, ceramics, and condensed matter science will welcome this updated Second Edition, which features new or expanded material on:

• Oxyanion derivatives of cuprates, mercury cuprates, ladder compounds, and new oxide systems
• Giant magnetoresistance, superconductivity, and nonlinear materials
• Recently developed synthetic strategies and examples, including soft chemistry routes

Plus:

• Hundreds of illustrations
• Helpful references.

This practical guide to the trace analysis of metals and alloys details minor, trace, and ultratrace methods; addresses the essential stages that precede measurement; and highlights the measurement systems most likely to be used by the pragmatic analyst. Features key material on inclusion and phase isolation, never-before published in any English-language reference Designed to provide useful maps and signposts for metals analysts who must verify that stringent trace level compositional specifications have been met, Trace Elemental Analysis of Metals examines sampling, contamination control, isolation, and preconcentration covers molecular absorption, atomic absorption, atomic emission, mass spectrometry, and other measurement systems discusses the critical importance of inclusions and phases in obtaining accurate trace determinations explores quality issues surrounding method validation, analytical control verification, and reference material needs defines a style for treating results slightly above the noise limit of the instrumentation provides painstakingly referenced, step-by-step instructions for specific alloy systems and methodologies supplies a concise overview of the chemical and instrumental techniques widely available in industrial laboratories includes an easy-to-use glossary defining terms, specialized usage, and jargon related to trace work in metals and alloys reviews the conventions of reporting at, and near, the detection and quantification limits of a procedure and more Offering direction to analysts seeking consistent data while working within the limits of available technology, Trace Elemental Analysis of Metals is a valuable guide suited to analytical, inorganic, and materials chemists; spectroscopists; environmental scientists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Simple, but beautifully versatile. Perhaps not a description many would choose for hydrogen peroxide, but an accurate one none the less, and this unique book explains the reasons behind the description. Beginning with an historical overview, and guidelines for the safe handling of peroxygens, Applications of Hydrogen Peroxide and Derivatives goes on to cover key activation mechanisms, organic functional group oxidations and the use of hydrogen peroxide with heterogeneous catalysts. The clean-up of environmental pollutants; chemical purification; and extraction of metals from their ores are also discussed in detail, using actual examples from industry. The versatility of this reagent may well prove to be a key to integrated pollution control in the future. This book should therefore be read by academics and industrialists at all levels, to encourage wider applications of the use of hydrogen peroxide in laboratories.

Traditionally, magnetic materials have been metals or, if inorganic compounds such as oxides, of continuous lattice type. However, in recent years chemists have synthesized increasing numbers of crystalline solids based on molecular building blocks in the form of coordination and organometallic complexes or purely organic molecules, which exhibit spontaneous magnetization. In striking contrast to conventional magnets, these materials are made from solutions close to room temperature rather than by metallurgical or ceramic methods. This book, which originates from contributions to a Discussion Meeting of The Royal Society of London, brings together many of the leading international practitioners in the field, who survey their own recent work and place it in the context of the wider fields of magnetism and supramolecular chemistry. All aspects of molecular-based magnets are addressed, including synthesis, structure-property relations and physical properties. Contents include details of the characterization of the first purely organic ferromagnet, the synthesis of high coercivity materials and a unique description of new materials with Curie temperatures well above ambient. A coherent survey of this rapidly developing field for the more general reader, Metal-Organic and Organic Molecular Magnets will also be welcomed by researchers and lecturers in materials science and inorganic or solid state chemistry.

Understanding the mechanisms of crystallization processes on the molecular level is an essential step in the control of the formation of crystals. These crystals may be a desirable solid product or an undesirable precipitate. Crystallization Processes

• covers the theory, research, applications and control of crystallization processes from a homogeneous liquid to a solid phase.
• considers the behaviour of ions and molecules in homogeneous supersaturated solutions and also in liquid metals and ionic melts.
• discusses recent work on ionic solvation desolvation phenomena, association of ions and molecules in solution and precipitation and dissolution of crystals.
• includes the mechanism of crystallization of calcium carbonate and other simple inorganic electrolytes, amino acids, lipids and proteins.

Chemistry has a vital role to play in materials processing and in the development of new materials that can meet the changing needs of today's technology. This volume addresses both the basic underlying principles and the technological relevance of major topics in advanced materials chemistry, including:

• Electron transfer salt-based conductors, superconductors, and magnets
• Advanced polymeric materials-functional electroactive polymers
• Polymers in electronics
• Chemical vapor deposition
• An introduction to the nonlinear optical properties of organic materials
• Nanoparticles and nanostructural materials
• Nanoporous materials
• Molecular precursor routes to inorganic solids
• Layered transition metal oxides and chalcogenides
• Biomaterials

Bringing together a battery of important information in a single source, this stand-alone reference is an invaluable companion for aspiring and practicing organic, inorganic, solid-state, and surface chemists, as well as polymer and materials scientists.

Metal-based drugs are a commercially important sector of the pharmaceutical business, yet most bioinorganic textbooks lack the space to cover comprehensively the subject of metals in medicine. Uses of Inorganic Chemistry in Medicine approaches an understanding of the topic in a didactic and systematic manner. The field of inorganic chemistry in medicine may usefully be divided into two main categories - drugs which target metal ions in some form, whether free or protein-bound, and secondly, metal-based drugs where the central metal ion is usually the key feature of the mechanism of action. This latter category can further be subdivided into pharmacodynamic and chemotherapeutic applications, as well as those of imaging. The book summarises the chemical and biological studies on clinically used agents of lithium, gold and platinum, as well as highlighting the research on prospective new drugs, including those based on vanadium and manganese. The coverage allows a clear distinction between pharmacodynamic and therapeutic properties of metal-based drugs and focuses not only on those clinical agents in current use, but also on new drugs and uses. This book serves to fill an important niche, bridging bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry and will undoubtedly be of use to senior undergraduates and postgraduates, as well as being an invaluable asset for teachers and researchers in the discipline.

This book by Kaplan and Vekhter brings together the molecular world of the chemist with the condensed matter world of the physicist. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, chemists in the West devoted lit to relationships between molecular electronic structure and tle attention solid-state vibronic phenomena. Treating quantum mechanical problems wherein the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation fails was done by "brute force. " With bigger and better computers available in the West, molecular orbital calculations were done on observed and conceived static structures with little concern for any cooperativity of vibrational behavior that might connect these states. While it had long been understood in the West that situations do occur in which different static structures are found for molecules that have identical or nearly identical electronic structures, little attention had been paid to understanding the vibrational states that could connect such structures. It was easier to calculate the electronic structure observed with several possible distortions than to focus on ways to couple electronic and vibrational behavior. In the former Soviet Union, computational power was not as acces sible as in the West. Much greater attention, therefore, was devoted to conserving computational time by considering fundamental ways to han dle the vibrational connectivity between degenerate or nearly degenerate electronic states.

General chemistry textbooks are usually lengthy and present chemistry to the student as an unconnected list of facts. In inorganic chemistry, emphasis should be placed on the connections between valence shell electron configuration and the physical and chemical properties of the element. Basic Principles of Inorganic Chemistry: Making the Connections is a short, concise book that emphasises these connections, in particular the chemistry of the Main Group compounds. With reference to chemical properties, Lewis Structures, stoichiometry and spider diagrams, students will be able to predict or calculate the chemistry of simple polyatomic compounds from the valence shell configuration and will no longer be required to memorise vast amounts of factual chemistry. This book is ideal for students taking chemistry as a subsidiary subject as well as honours degree students.

Emulsions occur either as end products or during the processing of products in a huge range of areas including the food, agrochemical, pharmaceutical, paint and oil industries. Despite over one hundred years of research in the subject, however, a quantitative understanding of emulsions has been lacking. Modern Aspects of Emulsion Science presents a comprehensive description of both the scientific principles in the field and the very latest advances in research in this important area of surface and colloid science. Topics covered include emulsion formation, type, stability (creaming, flocculation, ripening, coalescence), monodisperse and gel emulsions, and applications. Emphasis has been placed on relating the chemistry of the surfactant or protein adsorbed at the oil-water interface to the principles of the physics involved in the bulk emulsion property. The book has been written by a collection of the world's leading experts in the field, and covers both experimental and theoretical approaches. Modern Aspects of Emulsion Science fills a real gap in the market, being the only book of its kind in print. As such it will prove essential reading for graduates and researchers in this subject, in both academia and industry.

Discover the exciting, promising field of molecular level artificial photosynthesis
This special volume of Progress in Inorganic Chemistry presents the theory and practice of molecular artificial photosynthesis-a field holding tremendous promise now that molecular solar energy materials are fast becoming competitive with their solid-state counterparts.
The only book on the market to address this important area of inorganic research, Molecular Level Artificial Photosynthetic Materials shows us, in effect, how to imitate the complex natural processes of photosynthesis-featuring state-of-the-art strategies and techniques for creating artificial photosynthetic devices at the molecular level. It takes a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on materials science techniques used in the design of solar energy devices, examining the molecular nature of the chemistry involved, and applying existing knowledge in inorganic photochemistry and photophysics to the growing pool of molecular photonic materials.
Composed of seven superbly crafted contributions by leading experts in the field, this comprehensive work
* Describes molecular components integrated within nanophase materials, gels, zeolites, thin films, and layered solids
* Uses novel time resolved vibrational spectroscopies to elucidate fundamental electron and energy transfer mechanisms in complex supramolecular compounds
* Highlights practical applications such as the conversion of light into electricity, solar detoxification of pollutants, and the production of useful fuels-including the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen
* Points to areas of future research and usefulness for inorganic photochemists, as well as for students, chemists, material scientists, physicists, and engineers in a wide range of fields

"Details the most recent advances in Laboratory Information Management Systems. Offers contemporary approaches to system development, design, and installation; system customization; software and hardware compatibility; quality assurance and regulatory requirements; and resource utilization."

Discusses the laboratory and industrial synthesis of nonionic surfactants. Furnishes exhaustive coverage of the most recent advances in nonionic surfactant organic chemistry. Analyzes a novel class of catalysts for the production of surfactants with highly narrow distributions.

Emphasizing the utility of copper-related compounds, this text illustrates the numerous current and potential uses from agricultural bactericides and wood preservatives to colourants and solar cells. It discusses the properties and behaviour of the copper ion, copper compounds' employment in organic polymerization and isomerization reactions, the enhancement of feed efficiencies and additives in plant and animal nutrition, and more.

This book presents recent advances in selected topics on the chemistry, structure, and bonding of Zintl phases and Zintl ions. A number of different research areas are presented, including the use of Zintl phases as precursors to novel solid state compounds, electrochemical synthesis of novel Zintl phases, Zintl phases at the metal-insulator border, reactivity of Zintl phases, structure and bonding of novel Zintl compounds.
Representing the current research of a number of the world's greatest experts in Zintl science, this book presents a balance between the solution chemistry and solid state chemistry related to Zintl phases and ions.

This volume dedicated to the memory of Marcel Sergent who was a leader in this field for many years, addresses past achievements and recent developments in this vibrant area of research. Large classes of ligated transition metal clusters are produced either exclusively or most reliably by means of high-temperature solid-state reactions. Among them, the Chevrel-Sergent phases and related materials have generated enormous interest since their discovery in 1971. Today, these materials and their numerous derivatives still constitute a vivid area of research finding some applications not only in superconductivity, but also in catalysis, optics or thermoelectricity to mention a few.

The discovery and evolution of oranometallic cluster chemistry is a major event in the development of inorganic chemistry. This is the second volume in the series 'The Chemistry of Metal Clusters' edited by Du Shriver, Herb Kaesz, and Richard Adams.
This volume focuses on the chemistry of the early transition elements in their lower and middle oxidation states, i.e., halide, sulfide, oxide, phosphate, alkoxide, and related o-donor ligands. The key feature linking all these complexes in metal-metal bonding is the presence of pi-donor ligands.

Electrochemistry no longer is a specialist discipline, but has become a technique of major importance for most inorganic and organometallic chemists. Similarly, electron-transfer activation has led to great progress in transition-metal mediated organic and inorganic syntheses. This book provides a unique introduction and overview of the structure and reactions of transition-metal radicals, of transition-metal electrochemistry, and of electron-transfer activation, with emphasis on catalytic processes. Each chapter of this book includes numerous citations of the chemical literature, lots of examples and illustrations and the book is written in an extremely readable style. It will serve as a useful tutorial for a wide spectrum of students, chemists, and chemical engineers involved in organic, inorganic, and organometallic chemistry.

For the first time the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).
Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, the series creates a framework which reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. Thus, it stimulates future development by identifying areas which are fruitful for further research.
The work is indexed in a unique way by a structured system which maximizes its usefulness to the reader. It augments the organization of the work by providing additional routes of access for specific compounds, reactions and other topics.

For what is thought of as an essentially mechanical process, paper manufacture involves a large amount of chemistry. The Chemistry of Paper provides an overview of the process of making paper from a chemical perspective. It deals with both the chemistry of paper as a material and the chemistry of its production, setting out the main principles involved at every stage of the process. Early chapters provide a chemical definition of paper in the light of the many uses to which it is put. Subsequent chapters deal with the chemical processes involved in the production of paper: the delignification of the wood fibres performed at elevated temperature and pressure, the bleaching of the cellulose-rich pulp using environmentally-friendly systems, the formation of the pulp into sheets of fibres strengthened by extensive inter-fibre hydrogen bonding, and finally the coating of the sheets in a manner appropriate to their end use. Chemistry is involved at every stage of the process, including carbohydrate chemistry, the chemistry of inorganic pigments and organic resins, colloid and surface chemistry, as well as elements of environmental and analytical chemistry. The Chemistry of Paper provides an informative and entertaining overview of the chemical principles involved. It will be especially suitable for students and others who require an introduction to the chemistry of paper manufacture.

Over the last decade, increased attention to reaction dynamics, combined with the intensive application of computers in chemical studies, mathematical modeling of chemical processes, and mechanistic studies has brought graph theory to the forefront of research. It offers an advanced and powerful formalism for the description of chemical reactions and their intrinsic reaction mechanisms. Chemical Reaction Networks: A Graph-Theoretical Approach elegantly reviews and expands upon graph theory as applied to mechanistic theory, chemical kinetics, and catalysis. The authors explore various graph-theoretical approaches to canonical representation, numbering, and coding of elementary steps and chemical reaction mechanisms, the analysis of their topological structure, the complexity estimation, and classification of reaction mechanisms. They discuss topologically distinctive features of multiroute catalytic and noncatalytic and chain reactions involving metal complexes. With it's careful balance of clear language and mathematical rigor, the presentation of the authors' significant original work, and emphasis on practical applications and examples, Chemical Reaction Networks: A Graph Theoretical Approach is both an outstanding reference and valuable tool for chemical research.

The Environmental Chemistry of Aluminum provides a comprehensive, fundamental account of the aqueous chemistry of aluminum within an environmental context. An excellent reference for environmental chemists and scientific administrators of environmental programs, this book contains material reflecting the many recent changes in this rapidly developing discipline.
The first three chapters discuss the most fundamental aspects of aluminum chemistry: its quantitation in soils and natural waters, including speciation measurements, and its stable chemical forms, both as a dissolved solute and in a solid phase. These chapters emphasize both critical assessments of and definitive recommendations for laboratory methodologies and measured thermodynamic properties relating to aluminum chemistry.
The next four chapters in The Environmental Chemistry of Aluminum build on this foundation to provide details of the polymeric chemistry of aluminum: its polynuclear and colloidal hydrolytic species in aqueous solution, its complexes with natural organic ligands, including humic substances, and its role as an adsorptive and adsorbent in surface reactions. These chapters are grounded in experimental results rather than conceptual modeling.
The final three chapters describe the chemistry of aluminum in soils, waters, and watersheds. These chapters illustrate the problems of spatial and temporal variability, metastability, and scale that continue to make aluminum geochemistry one of the great challenges in modern environmental science.

This book is devoted to general questions of the chemistry of metal alkoxides - including physiochemical properties, structure, specific features of single groups of alkoxides, theoretical principles of their use, and major applications of this method in the preparation of functional materials.