The world economy has undergone a fundamental transformation in recent decades and theoretical structures inherited from the 1930s through the 1950s, while retaining large elements of truth, are inadequate to deal with current problems. Benjamin Higgins feels that for a society such as the United States a fiscal policy needs to be adopted that can deal simultaneously with existing unemployment and inflation. He suggests three possible governmental policies: stimulating a high rate of long-run growth, by use of reward innovations and by maintaining the highest possible level of scientific and technical activity; isolating regions that are generators of inflation and others that are pools for unemployment; and establishing a system of direct controls similar to those used in wartime. Higgins describes the transformation of the cogent prewar business cycle, with its "alternations" of inflation or unemployment, then a transitional period of underemployment equilibrium and secular stagnation, and finally, the strange new world of today, one with economic fluctuations in the form of shifting trade-off curves and loops. He then applies his new paradigm to current problems, showing why they cannot be managed through macroeconomic monetary and fiscal policy. Higgins offers case studies of efforts to fight inflation and unemployment, and to reduce regional gaps, to show their strengths and weaknesses. It can be said that unemployment always results from too many people chasing too few jobs, and inflation is always caused by too much money chasing too few goods and services. Beyond such banal generalizations, Higgins maintains there is no single cause for either unemployment or inflation, and thus no single cure can be prescribed for either, let alone for both at once. Nor is it to be expected that the appropriate cure will prove to be the same in all countries at all times. He suggests that an optimal blend of monetary and fiscal policy that will produce the "minimum discomfort" is a good start. "Employment Without Inflation" will be of direct policy interest to economists, sociologists, and national planners.

This book is about unequal development and labour in Brazil, with particular reference to the economic and social development of the Northeast region, which has suffered persistent disadvantage. It combines a historical approach, which shows how economic, social and political institutions have been restructured over time, with an analysis of changes in the pattern of production, employment, unemployment and inequality up to the present day. It draws on detailed case studies to examine the connections between local and national production systems and critical labour market outcomes such as informality in employment, precarious work and disparities between genders, races and regions. The case of the Brazilian Northeast illustrates processes, relationships and policy debates that are important not only in Brazil but also elsewhere. The book will be of interest to teachers, researchers and students in economics, sociology, labour and development; public officials and policy-makers; the international development community; and the general public interested in Latin American affairs. They will find in the book an original and systematic analysis of the factors underlying unequal development and how they respond to different policy regimes and suggestions about the issues that need to be addressed in the future.

What is a sustainable career? And how can individuals and organizations develop pathways that lead to them? With current levels of global unemployment and the need for life-long learning and employability enhancement, these questions assume a pressing significance. Offering twenty-eight chapters from leading scholars, the Handbook of Research on Sustainable Careers makes an important contribution to our understanding of sustainable careers and lays the foundation for the direction of future research. With the aim of advancing existing knowledge surrounding the meaning, antecedents and outcomes of sustainable careers, this book discusses the topic from several different angles combining both theoretical and empirical as well as practical insights. Topics include crafting sustainable careers in organizations, merits and challenges of career adaptability, psychological mobility during unemployment and the role of employee adaptability. Students and academics of varied disciplines looking for multidimensional perspectives on sustainable careers will find this to be a worthwhile read. HR professionals, career counsellors and public policy makers will find use in the practical guidance offered in this book. Contributors: T. Aalbers, M.B. Arthur, P.M. Bal, Y. Baruch, C. Bernhard-Oettel, T. Bipp, N. Bozionelos, J.P. Briscoe, M.B.W. Buyken, A. De Coen, N. De Cuyper, S. De Hauw, A.H. De Lange, P. De Prins, A. De Vos, H. De Witte, N. Dries, N. Egold, C. Fleisher, A. Forrier, F. Fraccaroli, A. Froidevaux, J.H. Greenhaus, D.E Guest, D.T. Hall, A. Hirschi, I.M. Jawahar, C. Kelliher, S.N. Khapova, U. Kinnunen, U.-C. Klehe, D. Kooij, M. Latzke, B.S. Lawrence, A. Makikangas, S. Mauno, W. Mayrhofer, A. Milissen, K. Naswall, K. Pernkopf, P.Peters, J. Rantanen, J. Richardson, R. Rodrigues, C. Rohr, R. Schalk, M.M. Schipper, T.M. Schneidhofer, J. Segers, L. Sels, J.H. Semeijn, T.H. Stone, D.M. Truxillo, M. Valcour, L. Van Beirendonck, K. Van Dam, A. Van den Broeck, B. Van der Heijden, R. Van Dick, M. van Engen, J. van Ruysseveldt, S. Vansteenkiste, A.E.M. Van Vianen, T. Van Vuuren, M. Verbruggen, C.J. Vinkenburg, S. Zaniboni, J. Zikic

This broad survey of unemployment will be a major source of reference for both scholars and students. It aims to provide a basis for better policy: showing how the lessons learned from experience and theory can be applied to greatly reduce the waste and misery of high unemployment. The book surveys in a clear, concise manner the main aspects of the unemployment problem. It integrates macroeconomics with a detailed micro-analysis of the labour market. It uses the authors' model to explain the puzzling post-war history of OECD unemployment and shows how unemployment and inflation are affected by systems of wage bargaining and unemployment insurance. For each issue the authors' develop a relevant theory, followed by extensive empirical analysis. The authors are established experts in the field, and this book gives their definitive treatment. Now revised to include an analysis of unemployment changes since 1991, it is clear the authors' original model has stood the test of time making this book a must read for any student studying economics at an advanced level.

This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China's economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women's wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts women's family responsibilities and women's labor supply (child care, parent care, and women's employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women's wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women's wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women's employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.

Bringing together ethnographic case studies of industrial labor from different parts of the world, Industrial Labor on the Margins of Capitalism explores the increasing casualization of workforces and the weakening power of organized labor. This division owes much to state policies and is reflected in local understandings of class. By exploring this relationship, these essays question the claim that neoliberal ideology has become the new 'commonsense' of our times and suggest various propositions about the conditions that create employment regimes based on flexible labor.

Professionalism is currently undergoing a process of radical change. Changes in the welfare state and in the market place have impacted upon professional organizations forcing them to change the ways in which they perform their jobs. This book analyzes these changes in relation to the legal industry and other professions such as doctors and accountants. It argues that the shift is being driven by the powerful and informed corporate client whilst it downgrades consideration for the weaker uninformed client with many casualties as a result. It highlights how this shift has become an important political issue as the different camps seek support from political parties. It suggests that the resulting contest will be one of the key political struggles of the first decade of the next century.

This volume explores the implications of student mobility on higher education across the Asia Pacific Region. Student Mobility has become a major feature of higher education throughout the world, and most particularly over the past two decades within the Asia Pacific Region. This system of mobility is entering a period of profound predicted change, created by the social and economic transformations being occasioned by the rapid increased uses of artificial intelligence (AI), a process that is being increasingly framed as the "Fourth Industrial Revolution" or Work 4.0, a process that is widely predicted to evoke fundamental changes in the ways that work is performed and who does it. This volume explores various dimensions of this process, examining various aspects of the process as they are affecting national and regional economies even as the phenomenon produces a wide variety of engagements with the global economy as a whole.

An investigation of recession and unemployment which makes use of an in- depth case study to address the implications for social division. It focuses on changes in patterns of work, social stratification, domestic organization and social change.; This book is intended for a variety of postgraduate and undergraduate courses stratification, work and employment, the family and gender studies. It should also have considerable public policy appeal.

This volume explores the role of women as social actors who contribute to both continuity and change in society. It focuses on the interlinkages between women, industrial work and relations within the family and the local community. As a case is chosen the work undertaken by Malayan women in a foreign factory in Johor, and it explores how such work affects women's lives and livelihoods.

This open access book addresses the important and neglected question of older workers who are excluded from the labour market. It challenges post-capitalist discourses of active ageing with a focus on restrictive end-of-career and retirement measures. The book demonstrates how a paradigm shift is generating real processes of exclusion for important sectors of the population. By providing strong empirical evidence from different contexts, the impact of different life course trajectories on the risks and the opportunities at the end of career are demonstrated. The organisation of workplace and institutional frameworks which reinforce inequalities are also presented. As such the book is an essential reading for students, academics and policy makers who seek to understand how exclusion processes operate to the disadvantage of older workers in the labour market.

This book explores the role of capital and labor migration in the expansion of the capitalist world-system. It presents comprehensive case studies on various historical periods of hegemony recognized by world-system theory: the Dutch hegemony (1625-1675), British hegemony (1815-1873), and US hegemony (1945-1970). Moreover, the book identifies an earlier period of economic dominance in Western Europe when merchant-bankers from Florence dominated the regional wool trade in the early thirteenth century. In these four intervals of dominance, i.e., from the medieval period to the late twentieth century, capital and labor migration formed the basis of capitalist development in the hegemonic core states as well as in peripheral regions under their economic and political influence. In turn, the book analyzes the migration patterns associated with the rise of hegemony from the perspectives of class relations between employers and workers, technological advances at the workplace, economic cycles, and state policies on labor migration. It concludes with a projection that heightened migration will continue to characterize the capitalist world system, especially as many poor and displaced populations in peripheral regions resort to migration for survival. Accordingly, it appeals to scholars in the fields of politics, sociology, history, anthropology, and economics who are interested in globalization and world-system analysis.

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a major transformation was occurring in many spheres of society: people with every sort of disability were increasingly being marginalized, excluded, and incarcerated. Disabled but still productive factory workers were being fired, and developmentally disabled individuals who had previously contributed domestic or agricultural labor in homes or on farms were being sent to institutions and poorhouses. In this book, Sarah F. Rose pinpoints the origins and ramifications of this sea change in American society, exploring the ways that public policy removed the disabled from the category of ""deserving"" recipients of public assistance, transforming them into a group requiring rehabilitation in order to achieve ""self-care"" and ""self-support."" By tracing the experiences of advocates, program innovators, and disabled people caught up in this epochal transition, Rose masterfully integrates disability history and labor history. She shows how disabled people and their families were relegated to poverty and second-class economic and social citizenship. This has vast consequences for debates about disability, poverty, and welfare in the century to come.

A new approach to the analysis of cultural reproduction focusing on the impact of economic change. The book demonstrates the reinforcement of cultural stereotypes in recruitment caused by interaction between corporate restructuring and the education system.; This book is intended for academics, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates in sociology with an interest in the sociology of work and the sociology of education as well as researchers and students within human resource management and cultural studies.

This book analyzes the importance of informal social protection provided by religious institutions such as madrassas in a low-income country such as Pakistan. This book explains that Madrassas are religious schools that have existed in many Muslim countries for centuries and contributed significantly to preserving, forming, and extending human knowledge in medieval times. Further, madrassas are now more commonly viewed as the providers of a narrow education, supporting religious fundamentalism, that may lead to terrorism. However, this book asserts that education is not the only function performed by madrassas. They are a significant source of welfare support for the vulnerable and marginalized households in many low-income countries. This book helps the readers to understand the concept of informal social protection not conceptualized previously. In addition, its various attributes and institutions providing such a form of welfare worldwide are explained in detail; analyzing the usefulness of such a form of social protection would benefit readers of social policy, national governments, and international donor/aid agencies. This book also provides a prescriptive framework for integrating formal and informal social protection. This book provides a new "Multiple Regime Framework", for identifying various regimes in one country at one point in time by applying a novel data collection and analysis methodology. The application of this framework would be of particular interest to social policy scholars, national governments, and donor/aid agencies because it will result in better targeting of social protection policies in the wake of fiscal constraints. Lastly, this book provides a novel data collection and analysis strategy that will benefit the reader of research methodology, development consultants, donor agencies, and policy practitioners interested in using artificial intelligence to make informed and targeted policy decisions.

Labour relations had important connections with industrial performance in Greater Sao Paulo, the most important industrial centre in Brazil and Latin America, between 1945 and 1960. This book shows that the predominant industrial practices in terms of wages, working conditions and industrial training kept away activities based on quality and innovation which could produce sustained growth in the long term. As a result, the most important industrial centre in Brazil was locked into inefficient industrial practices and technologies, which have since marked the economic history of Brazilian industrialisation.

Both women and men strive to achieve a work and family balance, but does this imply more or less equality? Does the persistence of gender and class inequalities refute the notion that lives are becoming more individualised? Leading international authorities document how gender inequalities are changing and how many inequalities of earlier eras are being eradicated. However, this book shows there are new barriers and constraints that are slowing progress in attaining a more egalitarian society. Taking the new global economy into account, the expert contributors to this book examine the conflicts between different types of feminisms, revise old debates about ?equality? and ?difference? in the gendered nature of work and care, and propose new and innovative policy solutions. This path-breaking book makes essential reading for all those interested in the intersections of class, family and employment in the 21st century. Students and researchers of sociology, gender studies and social policy, as well as practitioners and policy-makers interested in work?family balance, will find this book invaluable.

Women's work in South Asia often remains invisible in official statistics and development research. This is partly due to the inadequacy of the national data systems and partly because existing sociocultural constraints restrict women's participation in economic activities outside the domain of the family. The pattern of female labour participation in South Asia has distinct spatial dimensions which cannot be explained in terms of economic rationale alone; the region-specific context defining women's roles remains vitally important. This book integrates different scales of analysis and methodologies with indigenous and Western contributors combining macro and micro studies. Highlighting the 'public' and 'private' domains of women's work, the book discusses both the inadequacies of nationally published data at an aggregate level and regional and locally-induced religious, cultural and societal constraints on gender relations. Setting contextually specific studies within a broader geographical framework, Women and Work in South Asia explores the real connection between female autonomy and economic independence.

This anthology honors the life and work of American economist John E. Murray, whose work on the evolution of the standard of living spanned multiple disciplines. Publishing extensively in the areas of the history of healthcare and health insurance, labor markets, religion, and family-related issues from education to orphanages, fertility, and marriage, Murray was much more than an economic historian and his influence can be felt across the wider scholarly community. Written by Murray's academic collaborators, mentors, and mentees, this collection of essays covers topics such as the effect of the 1918 influenza pandemic on U.S. life insurance holdings, the relationship between rapid economic growth and type 2 diabetes, and the economics of the early church. This volume will be of use to scholars and students interested in economic history, cliometrics, labor economics, and American and European history, as well as the history of religion.

This book explores the dynamic process of International Division of Labor with constant development and changes. The process reflects not only the development level of productivity, but also relations between countries. What would be the evolution path for the International Division of Labor? How to improve China's and emerging economies' competitiveness to meet the new industrial revolution? The book aims to answer the questions under the global context. China would explore the innovation in new economic forms to strengthen international cooperation and avoid the intensified trade frictions brought about by its industrial upgrading.

This is an academic inquiry into how labor power has been dehumanized and commodified around the world through the ages for capital accumulation and industrialization, and colonial and post-colonial economic transformation. The study explores all major episodes of slaveries beginning from the ancient civilizations to the end of Transatlantic Slave Trade in the eighteenth century; the worlds of serfdoms in the context of Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Russia; the worlds of feudalisms in the context of Latin America, Japan, China, and India; the worlds of indentured servitudes in the context of the Europeans, the Indians, and the Chinese; the worlds of guestworkers in the contexts of the United States and Western Europe; the worlds of migrant labor programs in the context of the Gulf States; and the contemporary world of neoslavery focusing on human trafficking in both developing and developed countries, and forced labor in global value chains. The book is designed not only for students and academia in labor economics, labor history, and global socio-economic and political transformations, but also for the intelligent and inquiring policy makers, reformers, and general readers across the disciplinary pursuits of Economics, Political Science, History, Sociology, Anthropology, and Law.

This book, the second of two volumes, explores the transformations to the labour market observed since the offi cial end of the Cold War in 1991. This period is defi ned by the retreat of the state and a move towards more market-based economies, followed by a State comeback with the Great Recession. These bumpy decades for labour and changing labour policies are analysed thematically. The second volume focuses on labour earnings and inequality, underemployment, (in)decent work, and labour market policies. This book aims to examine how labour institutions, both in developed and developing countries, have responded to the challenges faced over the last 30 years. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in labour economics, political economy, and development economics.

This volume provides a detailed description of the situation of women in employment today, and considers how sociological and economic theories of labor markets illuminate the gap in pay between the sexes.

"amust reading for anyone interested in economic policy, equal opportunity, and women's studies. No one else has interwoven the various strands of legal thought, economic and sociological theory, and feminist theory as applied to the concept of comparable into a single volume; the depth and breadth are remarkable." --Mary Corcoran, Institute for Public Policy, University of Michigan

This volume provides a detailed description of the situation of women in employment today, and considers how sociological and economic theories of labor markets illuminate the gap in pay between the sexes.

"amust reading for anyone interested in economic policy, equal opportunity, and women's studies. No one else has interwoven the various strands of legal thought, economic and sociological theory, and feminist theory as applied to the concept of comparable into a single volume; the depth and breadth are remarkable." --Mary Corcoran, Institute for Public Policy, University of Michigan

Examines the ongoing process of how labor and work are understood in the contemporary marketplace Offers important sociological, political, and economic analysis of labor, management, organization, and work as a social phenomena Contributions from key scholars across an array of disciplines