When writing a dissertation or thesis, it is essential to produce a work that is well-structured and well-presented. Giving clear examples throughout, this book offers all the practical advice that students will need, when writing a dissertation or thesis. Part 1: Content - from the layout order of contents to the compilation of the bibliography and appendices Part 2: Presentation and Style - the details of how work should be presented and covering aspects such as writing styles, page numbers, margins and abbreviations. The first edition of this book contributed to improving countless dissertations and this new edition will continue to do the same - using the practical advice and guidance it offers could mean the difference between success and failure.

Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar: A Practical Guide is an innovative reference guide to Brazilian Portuguese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume. The Grammar is divided into two parts. Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as agreement, nouns, verbs and adjectives. Part B is carefully organized around language functions covering all major communication situations such as establishing identity, making contact and expressing likes, dislikes and preferences. With a strong emphasis on contemporary usage, all grammar points and functions are richly illustrated with examples. Building on the success of the second edition, this third edition provides new and extended notes for Spanish speakers, which focus on common difficulties faced by learners of Portuguese, as well as revised explanations of grammar and usage, which include the use of 'tu' in Portuguese. A combination of reference grammar and practical usage manual, complemented by a Companion Website with audiovisual material and a separate Workbook designed to accompany the Grammar, this textbook is the ideal source for learners of Brazilian Portuguese at all levels, from beginner to advanced.

Replacing the highly-acclaimed first edition, this second, newly-researched, fully-revised, expanded and updated edition now includes details of 29 major University centres and their Institutions of Higher Education. It takes full advantage of the recent technological revolution, highlighting a whole range of internet sites for job opportunities, course registration, accommodation, tourism and leisure. The practical help and advice are based on the authors' many years of experience as year abroad tutors at the University of Birmingham. Whether spending a few weeks on a vacation course or a half- or a full year in academic study, or as an English assistant or on a work experience placement, the visiting student and, doubtless many a parent, will draw considerable comfort from the information and advice contained within these pages. -- .

The Routledge Intensive Italian Workbook is a comprehensive book of exercises and tasks for beginner and intermediate learners of Italian. It includes a wide variety of exercises - covering a broad range of situations and functions - and will help students to progress rapidly and master the language accurately. Students can check their own progress using the answer key. The Workbook can be used independently, or in conjunction with the Routledge Intensive Italian Course, an accelerated course in Italian for adult beginners, which is accompanied by audio material.

Kazakh: A Comprehensive Grammar is the first thorough analysis of Kazakh to be published in English. The volume is systematically organized to enable users to find information quickly and easily, and provides a thorough understanding of Kazakh grammar, with special emphasis given to syntax. Features of this book include: descriptions of phonology, morphology and syntax; examples from contemporary usage; tables summarizing discussions, for reference; a bibliography of works relating to Kazakh. Kazakh: A Comprehensive Grammar reflects the richness of the language, focusing on spoken and written varieties in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. It is an essential purchase for all linguists and scholars interested in Kazakh or in Turkic languages as well as advanced learners of Kazakh.

Now in its 10th edition, Dutch: An Essential Grammar is a reference guide to the most important aspects of modern Dutch as it is used by native speakers. Features include: A brand new chapter on negation; A user-friendly style to ensure all elements of the language that are of particular difficulty to English speakers are adequately explained; 'Let's Try That' sections in each chapter containing sample exercises; More examples and cross-referencing throughout, and a comprehensive glossary and index at the back of the book; Full use of examples given throughout illustrating modern usage. Dutch: An Essential Grammar is the ideal reference source both for those studying Dutch independently and for students in colleges, universities and adult classes.

First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Ever tried to learn Spanish and found it too hard? Bestselling language coach Paul Noble has a quick and easy way to get you back on track with his unique tried-and-tested method. Keeps things simple with three basic rules; don't skip anything, don't try to memorise anything and cover up to test yourself. A fun, jargon-free way to learn Easy-to-understand Spanish pronunciation PROVEN to work; Paul can teach anyone a language, even people who think they're incapable Paul's course teaches you how to speak Spanish more effectively, giving you the building blocks to form a huge range of conversations. This is a practical way to learn the aspects of language that you'll actually need and use; from booking a hotel room to navigating a menu, Paul will build your confidence and give you the tools to handle any holiday situation. You will unlock a range of vocabulary you already know. There is nothing so complicated in foreign languages that it cannot be made simple." Paul Noble A quick, easy and fun way to unlock your basic language skills. Perfect for beginners, this book will give you all the information you need to build basic conversations and get by on your travels.

Chinese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Chinese grammar which presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Chinese. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Chinese grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language and provides full and clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Chinese as used by present-day native speakers. An extensive index and numbered paragraphs provide readers with easy access to the information they require. The new edition features a revised and expanded chapter on prosody (Prosody and Syntax), as well as four completely new chapters: * Morphology and Syntax (I) looks at Chinese word formation * Morphology and Syntax (II) explores the interaction between words, expressions and sentences * Intralingual Transpositions reviews the possible conversions between sentential constructions * Interlingual Conversions examines the differences between Chinese and English. The Grammar is an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Chinese. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.

The Routledge Modern German Reader is designed for intermediate and advanced learners of German. It provides a clear and engaging introduction to reading authentic German language texts for learners who wish to move beyond elementary course material to more rewarding works of fiction and non-fiction. Features include: twenty-eight readings, graded according to difficulty, beginning with shorter, simpler texts and progressing to longer, more complex texts fourteen literary texts, written by well-known writers from German-speaking countries, on universal themes and fourteen non-literary texts from magazines, newspapers and the internet, featuring a range of engaging topics relating to culture, society and history varied, contextualized pre- and post- reading exercises designed to stimulate discussion, develop comprehension strategies, expand and refine vocabulary, and foster awareness of grammatical structures as they occur in authentic contexts a German-English glossary with separate vocabulary lists for each chapter and a complete answer key available at www.routledge.com/products/9781138898035 Suitable for both classroom use and independent study, The Routledge Modern German Reader provides insights into the culture of German-speaking countries while also acting as a stimulus to further independent reading. It is an essential tool for developing vocabulary and increasing reading proficiency.

Spoken by over 95 million people worldwide, Vietnamese has emerged as a prominent language in the fields of business, culture and history in Southeast Asia, America, Australia, and Europe. Perfect for beginners with little or no previous knowledge of the language, Beginner's Vietnamese with Online Audio introduces the essentials needed to speak, read and understand Vietnamese with confidence. This guide is ideal for both self-study or classroom use and includes 13 carefully-paced and practical lessons with dialogues, vocabulary, grammar and exercises; sections on Vietnamese culture and customs; pronunciation exercises to help master Vietnamese tones; vocabulary variants for both northern and southern Vietnamese dialects; and online MP3 audio files for free download featuring pronunciation by native speakers.

Basic Irish: A Grammar and Workbook provides a jargon-free introduction to the most commonly used grammatical structures within the Irish language. Focusing on the repeated use of grammatical patterns, this Workbook develops an understanding of the structures presented, making the forms familiar and automatic for learners. This user-friendly workbook includes: terminology introduced and explained with multiple examples exercises in the grammatical forms introduced in the text translation exercises an exercise key.

Burmese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Burmese grammar. It presents a fresh and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Burmese. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Burmese grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, with clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Burmese as used by present-day native speakers. Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speech particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty all examples given in Burmese script, IPA phonetic transcription, and English glossary of linguistic terminology The Grammar is the ideal reference source for intermediate to advanced learners and users of Burmese and will remain the standard reference work for years to come.

This book is the valuable Key to A New Arabic Grammar, the bestselling introduction to the Arabic language for over thirty years. Although A New Arabic Grammar is intended primarily as a teaching grammar not as a 'teach yourself' work, it has become clear that it is being used as a means of learning Arabic by many who have no teacher, and it is principally for their benefit that this key has been prepared. The Key contains translations of the English and Arabic exercises, and of the supplementary reading pieces in Arabic. Several generations of students have found the Key a most useful tool for their studies.

Master Dutch grammar, quickly and easily In "Dutch Grammar You Really Need to Know," you will find every integral grammar concept simply explained, each illustrated with lots of examples. Even if you do not know the grammatical term in question, the book is structured so that you can look up language forms according to what you want to say. With this comprehensive resource, you will gain the confidence to communicate comfortably in Dutch. Lots of instant help with common problems and quick tips for success, based on the author's many years of experience Tests in the book and online to keep track of progress Glossary of grammatical terms for easy reference

En Activo is a contemporary course which provides students with a structured development of written and spoken business language skills, focusing on real business people and situations from all over the Spanish-speaking world. The book consists of twenty chapters that incorporate contextual information on the business environment of Spain and Latin America, role-plays, illustrative dialogues, dedicated written exercises, relevant grammar instruction, practical communicative exercises, up-to-date practical advice, model items of written and spoken business protocol, and links to numerous carefully-selected and integrated websites. Each chapter is structured as follows: -Le Presento a...: introduction of the central individual and their working life -Escuche, por favor: extensive listening exercises and accompanying activities -Recuerde que...: grammar revision and communicative exercises -Para saber mas: deepens knowledge about Spanish and Latin-American business culture and etiquette -Asi se hace: hands-on section practising business situations and day-to-day tasks -?Sabe navegar?: practices web research and web etiquette. Each fifth chapter is a revision chapter, which puts the acquired knowledge in practice via discussion groups, presentations and debates. An audio CD containing all interviews and listening comprehension exercises is available separately. At the end of this course the student will have a sound knowledge of the Spanish speaking business world and the language skills required to put this knowledge in practice.

This book brings together papers which address a range of issues regarding the nature and structure of sign languages and other gestural systems, and how they exploit the space in which they are conveyed. The chapters focus on five pertinent areas reflecting different, but related research topics: * space in language and gesture, * point of view and referential shift, * morphosyntax of verbs in ASL, * gestural systems and sign language, and * language acquisition and gesture. Sign languages and gestural systems are produced in physical space; they manipulate spatial contrasts for linguistic and communicative purposes. In addition to exploring the different functions of space, researchers discuss similarities and differences between visual-gestural systems -- established sign languages, pidgin sign language (International Sign), "homesign" systems developed by deaf children with no sign language input, novel gesture systems invented by hearing nonsigners, and the gesticulation that accompanies speech. The development of gesture and sign language in children is also examined in both hearing and deaf children, charting the emergence of gesture ("manual babbling"), its use as a prelinguistic communicative device, and its transformation into language-like systems in homesigners. Finally, theoretical linguistic accounts of the structure of sign languages are provided in chapters dealing with the analysis of referential shift, the structure of narrative, the analysis of tense and the structure of the verb phrase in American Sign Language. Taken together, the chapters in this volume present a comprehensive picture of sign language and gesture research from a group of international scholars who investigate a range of communicative systems from formal sign languages to the gesticulation that accompanies speech.

This book explores aspects of the Arabic Grammatical Tradition and Arabic Linguistics from both a theoretical and descriptive perspective. It also touches on issues of relevance to other disciplines, particularly Qur'anic exegesis and jurisprudence. The links between the fields of language and religion are historically strong in the Arabic and Islamic traditions as so much time and effort was spent by grammarians in interpreting the precise meanings of two of the main sources of Islamic jurisprudence - the Quran and Hadith. Prof Suleiman has assembled an international team of experts in this area and presents a thorough review of the sources and arguments. The book will be of interest to all students, researchers and teachers of Arabic Language and Culture.

Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry. Features include: Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease Frequent Latin to English and full English to Latin translations Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermadiate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language. Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar.

Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar is the ideal reference source for all speakers and learners of Welsh. Focusing on contemporary spoken Welsh, it presents the complexities of the language in a concise and readable form. Common grammatical patterns and parts of speech are discussed in detail and without jargon and extensive cross references make the book comprehensive and easy to use. Now in its third edition, the Grammar has been thoroughly revised and updated throughout. Changes include an increased number of illustrative examples, additional appendices for easy reference, inclusion of IPA phonetic symbols, and expanded sections on further reading. Features include: Full use of authentic examples Particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty Extensive index and cross referencing Initial consonant mutations marked throughout Separate sections on communicative functions Notes on variation between dialects and on formal written language Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most thorough, detailed and user-friendly Welsh grammar available in English today. It is suitable for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes at all levels and will, as its predecessors, prove an invaluable aid for Welsh language learning and teaching.

El mundo hispanohablante contemporaneo: historia, politica, sociedades y culturas is a comprehensive and innovative book for advanced students of Spanish. Offering a constructivist approach to the study of the civilizations, cultures and histories of the contemporary Spanish-speaking world, the book focuses on learning as an active process that enables learners to develop high-level critical thinking skills through the exposure, research, examination and discussion of a variety of authentic films, songs and literary texts. Divided into twelve chapters, each chapter begins with an introduction to the general topic followed by various activities that lead students to critically analyse a range of authentic materials. Learners are able to practice higher level critical-thinking and linguistic skills through a wealth of tasks and exercises which culminate in a capstone section that requires the application of the concepts learned and sources utilized throughout the lesson. El mundo hispanohablante contemporaneo: historia, politica, sociedades y culturas offers great flexibility and adaptability to suit advanced courses in Hispanic culture and civilization. Each chapter is methodologically designed with a balanced mix of activities for individual and teamwork. Additional resources are available online for both instructors and students. These include an instructor's guide with answer key, a grammar supplement and links to the authentic materials referenced within the book.

Pashto, designated a critical language by the US Department of Defense, is one of two official languages of Afghanistan and is also spoken in parts of Pakistan. Designed to cover a beginning level of language instruction, "Pashto: An Elementary Textbook" provides learners and instructors with a wide selection of task-oriented, communicative language materials to facilitate the development of language learning. It features a functional approach to grammar, an emphasis on integrated skills development, and the use of authentic materials.

The activities provided in the textbook will help learners to develop strong skills in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. In addition to the cultural background embedded in the video materials, the textbook contains cultural notes that improve competency.

Each volume includes: - a CD-ROM featuring authentic audio and video materials to accompany the text- extensive Pashto--English and English--Pashto glossaries- material for teaching the Arabic-based Pashto alphabet - color illustrations and photographs throughout

Topics Covered "Volume One: " The Pashto alphabet, writing, reading, pronunciation, greetings and introductions, university, daily activities, in the city, family

"Volume Two: " Seasons, weather, holidays, health, food, sport, and shopping

Minimum System Requirements- Intel(R) Pentium(R) III 1.26 GHz or faster processor (or equivalent); Mac OS 10.5 or higher- 512 MB of RAM- CD Drive- Speakers or headphones

On a PC, files will load automatically.On a Mac, double click on the disk icon. Then, double click on the program icon that looks like an "f" in a red square labeled "Pashto."

Burmese: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Burmese grammar. It presents a fresh and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Burmese. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Burmese grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, with clear explanations. Throughout, the emphasis is on Burmese as used by present-day native speakers. Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speech particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty all examples given in Burmese script, IPA phonetic transcription, and English glossary of linguistic terminology The Grammar is the ideal reference source for intermediate to advanced learners and users of Burmese and will remain the standard reference work for years to come.

?De acuerdo? 20 Simulaciones para la clase de espanol es el manual perfecto para estudiantes de espanol de nivel intermedio y avanzado que quieren desarrollar su destreza oral. El libro presenta 20 simulaciones que proporcionan un marco eficaz y motivador para el desarrollo de la destreza oral y la produccion del habla espontanea. Los estudiantes asumen un papel que les permite expresar opiniones, discutir y debatir dentro de un contexto significativo, preparandolos para situaciones de la vida real. Caracteristicas destacadas: amplia variedad de temas, tales como los negocios, la educacion, la salud y las redes sociales actividades de preparacion que ayudan al estudiante a participar plenamente en los debates secciones para el profesor y el estudiante, con explicaciones sobre como usar y participar en simulaciones Las versiones en color de las imagenes del libro pueden descargarse en https://www.routledge.com/products/9781138831087. ?De acuerdo? 20 Simulaciones para la clase de espanol es ideal para los niveles B1-C1 del MCER o los niveles intermedio-bajo a avanzado segun las guias de capacidad linguistica de ACTFL. ?De acuerdo? 20 Simulaciones para la clase de espanol is the ideal course for intermediate to advanced students of Spanish seeking to develop their speaking skills. The book presents 20 simulations which provide an effective and motivating framework for developing speaking skills and producing spontaneous speech. Students take on a role allowing them to express opinions, argue and debate within a meaningful context that prepares them for real-life situations. Key features: wide variety of topics, such as business, education, health and social media Preparatory activities to help students engage fully in the debates teacher and student sections with explanations on how to use and participate in simulations Full colour versions of the images in the book are available to download from https://www.routledge.com/products/9781138831087. ?De acuerdo? 20 Simulaciones para la clase de espanol is ideal for levels B1-C1 of the CEFR or Intermediate-Low to Advanced according to the ACTFL proficiency guidelines.