The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an innovative, text-based, language course designed for students interested in acquiring a foundation in Qur'anic and Classical Arabic. Focused on enhancing comprehension and vocabulary acquisition, the book contains 40 lessons designed to be covered in about 40 hours of classroom instruction. Starting with the shorter suras of the Qur'an, such as al-Fatiha and those of the Juz' 'Amma, it utilizes their recurring vocabulary and grammatical structures to build a stable linguistic foundation for learners before moving on to more challenging and longer suras such as Yasin, Maryam and Yusuf. Although the book is primarily designed for classroom use, the vocabulary and structures of the short suras, the accompanying audio recordings, and the activities found throughout the book will also be helpful for independent learners. The only prerequisite is knowledge of the Arabic writing system. The audio material, which is available on the Routledge website, helps learners improve their pronunciation of individual sounds and develop their skills to syllabify Arabic words and phrases correctly in order to approximate that of native speakers. Also available on the website are answer keys to exercises and transcriptions of the audio material. Written by an experienced teacher, The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an essential guide for instructors, students and anyone interested in developing their knowledge of Qur'anic Arabic.

The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an innovative, text-based, language course designed for students interested in acquiring a foundation in Qur'anic and Classical Arabic. Focused on enhancing comprehension and vocabulary acquisition, the book contains 40 lessons designed to be covered in about 40 hours of classroom instruction. Starting with the shorter suras of the Qur'an, such as al-Fatiha and those of the Juz' 'Amma, it utilizes their recurring vocabulary and grammatical structures to build a stable linguistic foundation for learners before moving on to more challenging and longer suras such as Yasin, Maryam and Yusuf. Although the book is primarily designed for classroom use, the vocabulary and structures of the short suras, the accompanying audio recordings, and the activities found throughout the book will also be helpful for independent learners. The only prerequisite is knowledge of the Arabic writing system. The audio material, which is available on the Routledge website, helps learners improve their pronunciation of individual sounds and develop their skills to syllabify Arabic words and phrases correctly in order to approximate that of native speakers. Also available on the website are answer keys to exercises and transcriptions of the audio material. Written by an experienced teacher, The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an essential guide for instructors, students and anyone interested in developing their knowledge of Qur'anic Arabic.

The Routledge Introductory Persian Course: Farsi Shirin Ast, Second Edition, is an innovative course designed for students who are new to the language. Focusing on grammatical and communicative competence, the course contains 15 lessons combining dialogues and texts with grammar explanations, exercises and audio materials to guide and support the student through the key skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening. Key features include: Lively, content-based materials - the language is taught and practiced through a variety of dialogues and texts on the culture, history, and traditions of Iran Complete vocabulary lists - each vocabulary entry contains the English meaning, the part of the speech in Persian, as well as a sample sentence in Persian Colloquial situational dialogues - students are introduced to spoken Persian from the outset Carefully controlled exercises - new grammatical points are practiced in a variety of controlled exercises that bridge between students' existing information and the new information Audio material - students can develop natural pronunciation by imitating the audio recordings of the vocabulary, dialogues, and texts available freely online Glossaries - comprehensive Persian to English and English to Persian glossaries. The course provides everything that students and instructors need for an engaging and effective learning environment. Revised and updated, this new edition includes more vocabulary and grammar activities, and clearer learning outcomes.

You will never be lost for words in your travels around Portugal and the Portuguese islands again! Your ideal pocket-sized travel companion and the accompanying free ebook will ensure that you can say what you need in Portuguese with ease and confidence. Reliable, portable and easy-to-use, this phrasebook is an indispensable travel companion as you deal with the situations that crop up every day on holiday; from finding a chic hotel, or hiring a car to explore the countryside, to choosing a local delicacy from the menu, and, of course, setting up your wifi. With helpful travel information and cultural tips, plus a 3000-word dictionary, make sure you don’t go anywhere without this little book – an essential guide to speaking and understanding Portuguese when travelling in Portugal and the Portuguese islands. Access your free ebook at collins.co.uk/ebooks

NEW: The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader APP is now available on Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.oxola.turkishreader The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Turkish and comprises a broad selection of graded readings. Written by prominent Turkish academics and journalists, the collection of modern texts presented here have been carefully selected to ensure students receive maximum exposure to current political and cultural issues related to Turkey; from gender, ethnicity, religion and social class through to arts and history. Each reading is fully supported by: an introduction written by an expert in the related field a vocabulary list with English translation and vocabulary in context short grammar explanations of any difficult structures encountered in the text comprehension questions directly text related, language exercises and subject specific questions to generate class-discussion and essay writing in Turkish a key to comprehension questions and language exercises a list of suggested further reading (online support). Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching the learners' socio-cultural knowledge of Turkey. Companion website available at http://www.senelsymons.co.uk/books/ Introductions in English by: Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Prof. Dr. UEmit Cizre, Bilkent University, Dr. Can Dundar, journalist, writer, columnist, director, Dr. Martin Stokes, Oxford University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Kocak, Sabanci University, Prof. Dr. Fatih Selami Mahmutoglu, Istanbul University, Prof. Dr. Fatma Goek, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Dilek Cindoglu, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Yildiz Silier, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Aysegul Kibaroglu, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Oya Pancaroglu, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Meliz Ergin, Koc University, Prof. Dr. OEzlem Tur, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Ayse Uyduranoglu, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Zeynep Gambetti, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Saime OEzcurumez, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Kursad Ertugrul, Middle East Technical University, Dr. Selin Akyuz-Sasmaz, Bilkent University. The articles in Turkish by: Prof. Dr. Murat Belge, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Orhan Tekelioglu, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Murat Yetkin, journalist, columnist, lecturer, Radikal, Prof. Dr. Turker Alkan, Cankaya University, Prof. Dr. Baskin Oran, Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Hakan Hakeri, Ondokuz Mayis University; Cem Erciyes, journalist, Radikal, Dr. Fikret Bila, journalist, columnist, Milliyet, Prof. Dr. Sahin Alpay, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. Mumtaz'er Turkoene, Gazi University, Prof. Dr. Mahnaz Gumrukcuoglu, Sakarya University, Dr. Ali Bayramoglu, journalist, Yeni Safak, Prof. Dr. Hakki Uyar, Dokuz Eylul University, Ayse Hur, historian, journalist, columnist, Taraf.

NEW: The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader APP is now available on Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.oxola.turkishreader The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Turkish and comprises a broad selection of graded readings. Written by prominent Turkish academics and journalists, the collection of modern texts presented here have been carefully selected to ensure students receive maximum exposure to current political and cultural issues related to Turkey; from gender, ethnicity, religion and social class through to arts and history. Each reading is fully supported by: an introduction written by an expert in the related field a vocabulary list with English translation and vocabulary in context short grammar explanations of any difficult structures encountered in the text comprehension questions directly text related, language exercises and subject specific questions to generate class-discussion and essay writing in Turkish a key to comprehension questions and language exercises a list of suggested further reading (online support). Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching the learners' socio-cultural knowledge of Turkey. Companion website available at http://www.senelsymons.co.uk/books/ Introductions in English by: Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Prof. Dr. UEmit Cizre, Bilkent University, Dr. Can Dundar, journalist, writer, columnist, director, Dr. Martin Stokes, Oxford University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Kocak, Sabanci University, Prof. Dr. Fatih Selami Mahmutoglu, Istanbul University, Prof. Dr. Fatma Goek, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Dilek Cindoglu, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Yildiz Silier, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Aysegul Kibaroglu, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Oya Pancaroglu, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Meliz Ergin, Koc University, Prof. Dr. OEzlem Tur, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Ayse Uyduranoglu, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Zeynep Gambetti, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Saime OEzcurumez, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Kursad Ertugrul, Middle East Technical University, Dr. Selin Akyuz-Sasmaz, Bilkent University. The articles in Turkish by: Prof. Dr. Murat Belge, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Orhan Tekelioglu, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Murat Yetkin, journalist, columnist, lecturer, Radikal, Prof. Dr. Turker Alkan, Cankaya University, Prof. Dr. Baskin Oran, Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Hakan Hakeri, Ondokuz Mayis University; Cem Erciyes, journalist, Radikal, Dr. Fikret Bila, journalist, columnist, Milliyet, Prof. Dr. Sahin Alpay, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. Mumtaz'er Turkoene, Gazi University, Prof. Dr. Mahnaz Gumrukcuoglu, Sakarya University, Dr. Ali Bayramoglu, journalist, Yeni Safak, Prof. Dr. Hakki Uyar, Dokuz Eylul University, Ayse Hur, historian, journalist, columnist, Taraf.

Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples glossary of grammatical terms pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.

Polish: An Essential Grammar is a user-friendly guide to all the important structures of this fascinating language. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Polish in short, readable sections. Key features include: a new chapter on studying an inflected language, including detailed analysis of a typical text comprehensive descriptions of the parts of speech covered information presented clearly and logically in table form a wealth of real-life examples nine clearly-presented appendices. This grammar is an invaluable asset to anyone wishing to master the Polish language as it is spoken today. Two companion books, Basic Polish: A Grammar and Workbook and Intermediate Polish: A Grammar and Workbook, provide more detailed practice in the language.

Intermediate Japanese is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

The book is divided into two parts. Part One outlines fundamental components of Japanese including particles, question words, verb types and tense while Part Two builds on this foundation by introducing grammatical patterns organised by the task they achieve.

Features include:

• clear, accessible format
• jargon-free explanations of grammar
• many useful and culturally relevant examples
• abundant exercises with full answer key
• detailed index of grammar patterns.

Intermediate Japanese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Japanese, and introduces more complicated structures. Suitable for both classroom use and the independent learner, the two books form a compendium of the essentials of Japanese grammar.

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language has become firmly established as the leading reference guide to modern Greek grammar. With its detailed treatment of all grammatical structures, its analysis of the complexities of the language and its particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty, it is the first truly comprehensive grammar of the language to be produced. It provides a study of the real patterns of use in contemporary Greek

This second edition continues to focus on the Greek spoken and written by native speakers today. Taking account of recent changes to the Greek language, this new edition features:

• Significantly expanded material on many areas, including syntax and phonology
• A new chapter on derivational morphology and other word formation processes including compounding and acronym formation
• Examples drawn from everyday spoken usage as well as official, journalistic and online discourse, such as newspapers, blogs and discussion groups
• A significantly expanded index of English terms and Greek words and a revised glossary of terms

The Grammar will be an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Greek. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.

The Middle East and other Arabic-speaking regions are of central importance in the world today. This handy booklet, designed to be carried in one's pocket, presents the basics of reading and understanding Arabic script. It begins with an introduction to the alphabet and the pronunciation of Arabic characters. The book also features the rules of reading and writing the language, including reading direction, consonant-vowel elisions, and, of course, letter linkages or ligatures, notoriously the most difficult aspect of the script to learn. It is an essential tool for travellers, business-people, and military personnel in the Middle East and other places where Arabic is spoken.

Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.

Raquette Lake, Ausable River, Lake Bonaparte despite the number of French place names scattered across the state, New York s rich and compelling French history has received less attention over the years than its English and Dutch heritage. Aiming to correct this imbalance, J aime New York, 2nd Edition offers information on the French who have explored, settled, and visited New York State, revealing the unique characteristics of the French presence in each of the state s seven major regions: Capital District, Lower Hudson, Metropolitan, North Country, Thousand Islands, Central, and Western.
Readers of this bilingual guide will discover that New York s French connections link it to Europe, Canada, and even the Caribbean, and the facing French text will enable all students of French to check and increase their grasp of the language and vocabulary. Students and teachers will find that discovering the hidden aspects of local and regional history make learning much more meaningful, and this engagement with local history may inspire further research, since the final chapters of the French influence in New York have yet to be written."

Intermediate Japanese is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

The book is divided into two parts. Part One outlines fundamental components of Japanese including particles, question words, verb types and tense while Part Two builds on this foundation by introducing grammatical patterns organised by the task they achieve.

Features include:

• clear, accessible format
• jargon-free explanations of grammar
• many useful and culturally relevant examples
• abundant exercises with full answer key
• detailed index of grammar patterns.

Intermediate Japanese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Japanese, and introduces more complicated structures. Suitable for both classroom use and the independent learner, the two books form a compendium of the essentials of Japanese grammar.

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to the grammar system for intermediate to advanced learners of Polish. It presents an accessible and systematic description of the language, focusing on real patterns of use in contemporary Polish.

The Grammar is a comprehensive work and an invaluable resource for students and anyone interested in linguistics and the way modern Polish works.

Features include:

coverage of all parts of speech

full cross referencing

well selected and illuminating examples.

The book is organised in such a way to promote a thorough understanding of Polish at all levels of structure; the sound system, formation of word and phrases and sentence construction. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, providing clear explanations and examples of each point.

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the essential reference work on Polish grammar for all learners and users of the language.

"Gateway to Arabic Extension Book One" addresses the needs of students who have completed Book Two of the "Gateway" series and wish to have the opportunity to practise further the skills they have acquired. This book aims to engage the student in a variety of language games, exercises and dialogue activities that will serve to reinforce the vocabulary, grammar and skills they have already learned in Book Two. In addition, it introduces additional extensive vocabulary, new sentence structures - including simple verbal sentences - and conversational skills in a lively, interactive manner. It is ideally suited for use in the classroom.

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Danish: An Essential Grammar is a reference guide to the most important aspects of current Danish as it is used by native speakers.

It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, focusing on those areas of Danish that pose particular problems for English speakers but at the same time providing a broad general account of the language.

The Grammar is the ideal source of reference for the learner of Danish in the early and middle stages. It is suitable for independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

This new edition has been fully updated to reflect changes in current language use and recent cultural developments. Features include:

• clear, jargon-free explanations
• many tables and diagrams for extra clarity
• separate glossary of linguistic and grammatical terms
• detailed index with key Danish and English words