Polish: An Essential Grammar is a user-friendly guide to all the important structures of this fascinating language. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Polish in short, readable sections. Key features include: a new chapter on studying an inflected language, including detailed analysis of a typical text comprehensive descriptions of the parts of speech covered information presented clearly and logically in table form a wealth of real-life examples nine clearly-presented appendices. This grammar is an invaluable asset to anyone wishing to master the Polish language as it is spoken today. Two companion books, Basic Polish: A Grammar and Workbook and Intermediate Polish: A Grammar and Workbook, provide more detailed practice in the language.

Intended for the general student of the Indonesian language and the professional linguist, this short descriptive grammar is a useful guide as a well as a point of departure for more intensive study.

Basic Welsh: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar handbook and related exercises in a single volume. The book presents forty grammar units, covering the core materials which beginning students would expect to encounter in the course of learning Welsh. User-friendly grammar points are followed by multiple examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. Key features include: Clear, accessible format Many relevant and useful examples A wide range of challenging exercises to reinforce learning Concise and jargon-free explanations of grammar Full answer key, glossary of technical terms and Welsh-English, English-Welsh glossary at the back of the book Revised throughout, this updated second edition of Basic Welsh provides the ideal practice book for all beginning students in the language. It is suitable for both class use and independent study.

Intermediate Japanese is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

The book is divided into two parts. Part One outlines fundamental components of Japanese including particles, question words, verb types and tense while Part Two builds on this foundation by introducing grammatical patterns organised by the task they achieve.

Features include:

• clear, accessible format
• jargon-free explanations of grammar
• many useful and culturally relevant examples
• abundant exercises with full answer key
• detailed index of grammar patterns.

Intermediate Japanese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Japanese, and introduces more complicated structures. Suitable for both classroom use and the independent learner, the two books form a compendium of the essentials of Japanese grammar.

NEW: The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader APP is now available on Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.oxola.turkishreader The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Turkish and comprises a broad selection of graded readings. Written by prominent Turkish academics and journalists, the collection of modern texts presented here have been carefully selected to ensure students receive maximum exposure to current political and cultural issues related to Turkey; from gender, ethnicity, religion and social class through to arts and history. Each reading is fully supported by: an introduction written by an expert in the related field a vocabulary list with English translation and vocabulary in context short grammar explanations of any difficult structures encountered in the text comprehension questions directly text related, language exercises and subject specific questions to generate class-discussion and essay writing in Turkish a key to comprehension questions and language exercises a list of suggested further reading (online support). Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching the learners' socio-cultural knowledge of Turkey. Companion website available at http://www.senelsymons.co.uk/books/ Introductions in English by: Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Prof. Dr. UEmit Cizre, Bilkent University, Dr. Can Dundar, journalist, writer, columnist, director, Dr. Martin Stokes, Oxford University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Kocak, Sabanci University, Prof. Dr. Fatih Selami Mahmutoglu, Istanbul University, Prof. Dr. Fatma Goek, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Dilek Cindoglu, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Yildiz Silier, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Aysegul Kibaroglu, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Oya Pancaroglu, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Meliz Ergin, Koc University, Prof. Dr. OEzlem Tur, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Ayse Uyduranoglu, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Zeynep Gambetti, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Saime OEzcurumez, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Kursad Ertugrul, Middle East Technical University, Dr. Selin Akyuz-Sasmaz, Bilkent University. The articles in Turkish by: Prof. Dr. Murat Belge, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Orhan Tekelioglu, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Murat Yetkin, journalist, columnist, lecturer, Radikal, Prof. Dr. Turker Alkan, Cankaya University, Prof. Dr. Baskin Oran, Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Hakan Hakeri, Ondokuz Mayis University; Cem Erciyes, journalist, Radikal, Dr. Fikret Bila, journalist, columnist, Milliyet, Prof. Dr. Sahin Alpay, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. Mumtaz'er Turkoene, Gazi University, Prof. Dr. Mahnaz Gumrukcuoglu, Sakarya University, Dr. Ali Bayramoglu, journalist, Yeni Safak, Prof. Dr. Hakki Uyar, Dokuz Eylul University, Ayse Hur, historian, journalist, columnist, Taraf.

Intermediate Japanese is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

The book is divided into two parts. Part One outlines fundamental components of Japanese including particles, question words, verb types and tense while Part Two builds on this foundation by introducing grammatical patterns organised by the task they achieve.

Features include:

• clear, accessible format
• jargon-free explanations of grammar
• many useful and culturally relevant examples
• abundant exercises with full answer key
• detailed index of grammar patterns.

Intermediate Japanese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Japanese, and introduces more complicated structures. Suitable for both classroom use and the independent learner, the two books form a compendium of the essentials of Japanese grammar.

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language has become firmly established as the leading reference guide to modern Greek grammar. With its detailed treatment of all grammatical structures, its analysis of the complexities of the language and its particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty, it is the first truly comprehensive grammar of the language to be produced. It provides a study of the real patterns of use in contemporary Greek

This second edition continues to focus on the Greek spoken and written by native speakers today. Taking account of recent changes to the Greek language, this new edition features:

• Significantly expanded material on many areas, including syntax and phonology
• A new chapter on derivational morphology and other word formation processes including compounding and acronym formation
• Examples drawn from everyday spoken usage as well as official, journalistic and online discourse, such as newspapers, blogs and discussion groups
• A significantly expanded index of English terms and Greek words and a revised glossary of terms

The Grammar will be an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Greek. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.

Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.

This first-year Vietnamese language textbook introduces college students to all aspects of the Vietnamese language and culture in twelve comprehensive chapters. Each chapter begins with a list of active vocabulary used for the selected topic, followed by dialogue and grammar utilized in everyday situations by native speakers. A Vietnamese proverb reflecting each chapter s topic reveals a different cultural component of Vietnam. Students can practice what they ve learned with exercises at the end of each chapter. The book is enhanced with an answer key to the exercises, grammar indices, and full vocabulary lists.

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to the grammar system for intermediate to advanced learners of Polish. It presents an accessible and systematic description of the language, focusing on real patterns of use in contemporary Polish.

The Grammar is a comprehensive work and an invaluable resource for students and anyone interested in linguistics and the way modern Polish works.

Features include:

coverage of all parts of speech

full cross referencing

well selected and illuminating examples.

The book is organised in such a way to promote a thorough understanding of Polish at all levels of structure; the sound system, formation of word and phrases and sentence construction. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, providing clear explanations and examples of each point.

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the essential reference work on Polish grammar for all learners and users of the language.

A handy cheat sheet providing more than 1,000 key Korean vocabulary words and phrases in an at-a-glance, easy-to-carry format! This language card is an essential resource for those studying for the TOPIK test, and invaluable for anyone who wants to quickly build their command of Korean vocabulary. Designed for convenience, this study card is: Laminated: to hold up over time and avoid being ruined by coffee spills 3 hole punched: giving the option to put it in a binder 8.5x11 inches: to easily fit into a folder or notebook alongside other study materials A quick reference: alongside the vocabulary, a chart for the Korean alphabet is also included Each English vocabulary word is given in Hangul and romanized script, presented in easy-to-read color-coded charts. Online audio recordings give native-speaker pronunciation for every word. Vocabulary items are laid out in clearly defined sections, including: Daily Expressions Countries, nationalities and language Personal information Numbers & money Months, days of the month & days of the week Seasons Clock time & time expressions Colors Hobbies Food and drink People and families Occupations, education & classroom items Places, transport & direction words Adverbs, verbs & adjectives Parts of the body & clothing Weather, climate and natural disasters Pop culture

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This best-selling collection of readings explores the theme of dreams, the imagination, and the reasoning mind. Supporting a creative approach to the teaching of writing, "Dreams and Inward Journeys" presents a rich mixture of personal and academic essays, stories, and poems. The readings touch on such topics as memory, myths and fairy tales, obsessions, sexuality, gender roles, technology, popular culture, nature, and spirituality. Readings encourage the investigation of new ways of seeing and understanding self and the relationship to important social issues and universal human concerns. Featuring a dual thematic and rhetorical organization, each chapter also provides practical writing advice on a specific rhetorical pattern, a range of writing assignments, and sample papers. Beautiful, stimulating art opens each chapter to support the theme and provide prompts for prewriting.

NihonGO NOW! Level 2 is an intermediate level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 2 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio files allow instructors to adapt an intermediate level course, such as the second or third year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138305304.

Just the core concepts you need to write and speak French correctly

If you have some knowledge of French and want to polish your skills, "French Essentials For Dummies" focuses on just the core concepts you need to communicate effectively. From conjugating verbs to understanding tenses, this easy-to-follow guide lets you skip the suffering and score high at exam time.

French 101 -- get the lowdown on the basics, from expressing dates and times to identifying parts of speech

Gender matters -- see how a noun's gender determines the articles, adjectives, and pronouns you have to use

The here and now -- learn how to conjugate verbs in the present tense, choose subject pronouns, and form the present participle

Way back when -- get guidance on working with the past tense, including hints about when to use the compound past (passe compose) and when to use the imperfect

What lies ahead -- discover the different ways to express the future

Open the book and find:

A review of numbers, dates, and times

The parts of speech

How to determine a noun's gender

How to select the correct preposition

Rules for making adjectives agree

Tips for asking and answering yes/no questions

Ways to spice up your descriptions

Ten important verb distinctions

Learn:

The basics of French grammar and sentence construction

How to conjugate regular, irregular, and stem-changing verbs

To express ideas about the past, present, and future

Get to grips with set texts and be fully prepared for the AS/A Level exam with the Modern Languages Oxford Literature Companions. The Companions are written by experienced lecturers, teachers and examiners and provide comprehensive coverage of characters, themes, plot, language and context with activities in German to consolidate your knowledge of the text. There are also extensive sections on exam preparation and response planning, with a bank of annotated sample answers and practice questions. This guide covers Der Besuch der alten Dame by Friedrich Durrenmatt. Modern Languages Oxford Literature Companions are also available for selected French and Spanish set texts.

The relationship between language and various kinds of non-linguistic behaviour has been of great fascination for many of those working in the fields of cultural anthropology, linguistics, and philosophy or, broadly understood, cultural studies. The authors in this volume explore this relationship in a number of cultures and social contexts and discuss the problem of linguistic relativism and its application to a several areas of social interaction across cultures. The authors deal with such questions as how language and culture intersect resulting in different points of view on reality that are all equally authentic and rooted in experience. The question of the influence of language and culture on our perception of physical and social reality is re-examined for such domains as politics, commerce, working with people, religion, and gender relations.

Advanced Korean provides a wide range of topical reading texts and practice material for students making the transition to advanced level proficiency in Korean. Sequenced to address a one-year university program, each chapter comprises: The main reading passage New words and expressions with practice sets Grammar lessons and practice sets Speaking and writing activities Project activities for applying linguistic knowledge Self-evaluation rubrics With a range of online resources including an answer key, vocabulary lists, and downloadable activity sheets, this is an ideal text for students reaching Advanced level on the ACTFL proficiency scale and CEFR levels B2-C1. The wide range of vocabulary and abundant examples make this the perfect preparation for the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK).

Danish: An Essential Grammar is a reference guide to the most important aspects of current Danish as it is used by native speakers.

It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, focusing on those areas of Danish that pose particular problems for English speakers but at the same time providing a broad general account of the language.

The Grammar is the ideal source of reference for the learner of Danish in the early and middle stages. It is suitable for independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

This new edition has been fully updated to reflect changes in current language use and recent cultural developments. Features include:

• clear, jargon-free explanations
• many tables and diagrams for extra clarity
• separate glossary of linguistic and grammatical terms
• detailed index with key Danish and English words

Mano a Mano: Portugues para Falantes de Espanhol vem preencher uma importante lacuna no mercado editorial: a carencia de livros didaticos que, considerando as necessidades especificas de falantes de espanhol, favorecam um desenvolvimento mais rapido de sua proficiencia em portugues. A colecao reune uma serie de caracteristicas favoraveis a aprendizagem do portugues em diferentes contextos (ensino medio, universidades, cursos livres): Convida o(a) aluno(a) a desenvolver sua proficiencia em portugues ao mesmo tempo que forma uma imagem multifacetada do Brasil, em dialogo com suas proprias construcoes culturais, desconstruindo discursos estabilizados e ampliando seus horizontes; Favorece o transito por multiplas praticas de letramento, em que circulam diferentes generos discursivos, oferecendo oportunidades para que o(a) estudante aprimore suas capacidades de linguagem em contextos reais, ou proximos a situacoes autenticas de interacao; Sensibiliza o(a) aluno(a) para diferentes variedades da lingua portuguesa; Permite ao(a) estudante desenvolver suas capacidades lexico-gramaticais e fonetico-fonologicas de maneira reflexiva e contextualizada, levando em consideracao necessidades especificas de falantes de espanhol; Propoe tarefas semelhantes as encontradas no Certificado de Proficiencia em Lingua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros (Celpe-Bras), do Ministerio da Educacao brasileiro; E acompanhado por dois cadernos complementares integrados, com explicacoes detalhadas referentes a recursos lexico-gramaticais e fonetico-fonologicos, alem de uma serie de atividades; Disponibiliza online os videos e audios de tarefas de compreensao oral e de atividades de pronuncia. Preparado para o desenvolvimento de um curso de ate 60 horas em contexto de imersao, ou 90 horas de nao-imersao, Mano a Mano, Volume 1 - Basico permite levar falantes de espanhol (como lingua materna ou estrangeira/adicional) que nunca tiveram contato significativo previo com o portugues ate o inicio do nivel Intermediario do Celpe-Bras, do B1 do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referencia para as Linguas, ou do Intermediario Medio do American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.

Unlike other vocabulary guides that require the rote memorization of literally thousands of words, this book starts from the premise that using the etymological connections between Spanish and English words—their common derivations from Latin, Greek, and other languages—is the most effective way to acquire and remember vocabulary. This approach is suitable for beginners as well as for advanced students. Teachers of the language will also find much material that can be used to help motivate their students to acquire, and retain, Spanish vocabulary. Spanish Vocabulary is divided into four parts and four annexes: Part I provides background material on the origins of Spanish and begins the process of presenting Spanish vocabulary. Part II presents "classical" Spanish vocabulary—words whose form (in both Spanish and English) is nearly unchanged from Latin and Greek. Part III deals with "popular" Spanish vocabulary, which underwent significant changes in form (and often meaning) during the evolution from Latin to Spanish. A number of linguistic patterns are identified that will help learners recognize and remember new vocabulary. Part IV treats a wide range of themes, including words of Germanic and Arabic origin, numbers, time, food and animals, the family, the body, and politics. Annex A: Principal exceptions to the "Simplified Gender Rule" Annex B: 700 words whose relations, if any, to English words are not immediately obvious Annex C: -cer verbs and related words Annex D: 4,500 additional words, either individually or in groups, with English correspondences

Learning hundreds of useful words, their meanings, and word tips doesn't always come easily, but Vocabulary For Dummies can help by providing the perfect context for enhancing vocabulary skills.

Vocabulary For Dummies helps you learn vocabulary that can enrich your speaking skills. Organized to be used as a reference for common vocabulary questions, this book presents words in easy-to-remember formats. This approach differs from other vocabulary books, which present the words in alphabetical order with no explanation of how they are used in communication. Every chapter is packed with the author's proven tips and tricks for remembering when and how to use a word, and ends with a challenge section so you can see what you have learned.