What does it mean to argue that communication is organizing? Or ritual? Or failure? What is at stake in choosing one metaphor or stance over another? What is gained and what is lost - for the field, for the theories themselves, and especially for humans communicating in everyday contexts? In Communication as...: Perspectives on Theory, editors Gregory J. Shepherd, Jeffrey St. John, and Ted Striphas bring together a collection of 27 essays that explores the wide range of theorizing about communication, cutting across all lines of traditional division in the field. The essays in this text are written by leading scholars in the field of communication theory, with each scholar employing a particular stance or perspective on what communication theory is and how it functions. In essays that are brief, argumentative, and forceful, the scholars propose their perspective as a primary or essential way of viewing communication with decided benefits over other views. Key Features: Compares and contrasts different metaphorical views on the theory and practice of communication, challenging students to develop their own argument about communication theory Promotes an alternative way of examining communication problems - through the engaged interplay of a diversity of positions - encouraging readers to think through contemporary problems and questions in the field Compels readers to confront competing theoretical positions and their consequences head-on rather than outlining theories in ways that might separate them from their real-world consequences Communication as... is an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on communication theory in the fields of Communication, Journalism, Sociology, and Psychology.

Polish: An Essential Grammar is a user-friendly guide to all the important structures of this fascinating language. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Polish in short, readable sections. Key features include: a new chapter on studying an inflected language, including detailed analysis of a typical text comprehensive descriptions of the parts of speech covered information presented clearly and logically in table form a wealth of real-life examples nine clearly-presented appendices. This grammar is an invaluable asset to anyone wishing to master the Polish language as it is spoken today. Two companion books, Basic Polish: A Grammar and Workbook and Intermediate Polish: A Grammar and Workbook, provide more detailed practice in the language.

This compact book reproduces fifty-two memorials in Latin taken from churches situated largely in the West Country. Each memorial is accompanied by a translation and by notes on the grammar. The book is aimed at all who would like to be able to read Latin epitaphs in churches, and whose knowledge of the language may be sketchy. The introduction explains the conventions involved in lettering, abbreviations, Latinized personal names, and stock phrases. It is followed by a very brief Latin grammar and notes on Roman numerals and dates. At the back of the book there is a word list containing all those words found in the inscriptions with numbered references, plus a selection of words which are commonly found in inscriptions generally, though not in those printed here. By combining these resources in one book, the author equips the reader with the tools to tackle other epitaphs beyond the pages of this book and further afield. Every attempt is made to help the reader understand the context in which each inscription was composed. For instance it is stressed that the composers of such epitaphs were skilled Latin scholars, and that there are very few errors to be seen. Errors attributable to the stonemasons or sign-writers are noted and corrected.

Intermediate Japanese is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

The book is divided into two parts. Part One outlines fundamental components of Japanese including particles, question words, verb types and tense while Part Two builds on this foundation by introducing grammatical patterns organised by the task they achieve.

Features include:

• clear, accessible format
• jargon-free explanations of grammar
• many useful and culturally relevant examples
• abundant exercises with full answer key
• detailed index of grammar patterns.

Intermediate Japanese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Japanese, and introduces more complicated structures. Suitable for both classroom use and the independent learner, the two books form a compendium of the essentials of Japanese grammar.

NEW: The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader APP is now available on Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.oxola.turkishreader The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Turkish and comprises a broad selection of graded readings. Written by prominent Turkish academics and journalists, the collection of modern texts presented here have been carefully selected to ensure students receive maximum exposure to current political and cultural issues related to Turkey; from gender, ethnicity, religion and social class through to arts and history. Each reading is fully supported by: an introduction written by an expert in the related field a vocabulary list with English translation and vocabulary in context short grammar explanations of any difficult structures encountered in the text comprehension questions directly text related, language exercises and subject specific questions to generate class-discussion and essay writing in Turkish a key to comprehension questions and language exercises a list of suggested further reading (online support). Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching the learners' socio-cultural knowledge of Turkey. Companion website available at http://www.senelsymons.co.uk/books/ Introductions in English by: Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Prof. Dr. UEmit Cizre, Bilkent University, Dr. Can Dundar, journalist, writer, columnist, director, Dr. Martin Stokes, Oxford University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Kocak, Sabanci University, Prof. Dr. Fatih Selami Mahmutoglu, Istanbul University, Prof. Dr. Fatma Goek, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Dilek Cindoglu, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Yildiz Silier, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Aysegul Kibaroglu, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Oya Pancaroglu, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Meliz Ergin, Koc University, Prof. Dr. OEzlem Tur, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Ayse Uyduranoglu, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Zeynep Gambetti, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Saime OEzcurumez, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Kursad Ertugrul, Middle East Technical University, Dr. Selin Akyuz-Sasmaz, Bilkent University. The articles in Turkish by: Prof. Dr. Murat Belge, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Orhan Tekelioglu, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Murat Yetkin, journalist, columnist, lecturer, Radikal, Prof. Dr. Turker Alkan, Cankaya University, Prof. Dr. Baskin Oran, Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Hakan Hakeri, Ondokuz Mayis University; Cem Erciyes, journalist, Radikal, Dr. Fikret Bila, journalist, columnist, Milliyet, Prof. Dr. Sahin Alpay, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. Mumtaz'er Turkoene, Gazi University, Prof. Dr. Mahnaz Gumrukcuoglu, Sakarya University, Dr. Ali Bayramoglu, journalist, Yeni Safak, Prof. Dr. Hakki Uyar, Dokuz Eylul University, Ayse Hur, historian, journalist, columnist, Taraf.

The "Key to Arabic Book One" adopts an innovative method in teaching the skills of reading and writing Arabic to absolute beginners from a broad age range by using an assimilative phonic approach. Extensive written exercises give students ample opportunity to put into practice the skills they have learned, enabling them to build up confidence in reading and writing vocalised Arabic text. The various vowel sounds and other markings are colour coded to assist the reader further. The book concludes with some short passages of dialogue to help the learner begin to develop confidence in speaking.

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language has become firmly established as the leading reference guide to modern Greek grammar. With its detailed treatment of all grammatical structures, its analysis of the complexities of the language and its particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty, it is the first truly comprehensive grammar of the language to be produced. It provides a study of the real patterns of use in contemporary Greek

This second edition continues to focus on the Greek spoken and written by native speakers today. Taking account of recent changes to the Greek language, this new edition features:

• Significantly expanded material on many areas, including syntax and phonology
• A new chapter on derivational morphology and other word formation processes including compounding and acronym formation
• Examples drawn from everyday spoken usage as well as official, journalistic and online discourse, such as newspapers, blogs and discussion groups
• A significantly expanded index of English terms and Greek words and a revised glossary of terms

The Grammar will be an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Greek. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index. This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.

Intermediate Japanese is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

The book is divided into two parts. Part One outlines fundamental components of Japanese including particles, question words, verb types and tense while Part Two builds on this foundation by introducing grammatical patterns organised by the task they achieve.

Features include:

• clear, accessible format
• jargon-free explanations of grammar
• many useful and culturally relevant examples
• abundant exercises with full answer key
• detailed index of grammar patterns.

Intermediate Japanese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Japanese, and introduces more complicated structures. Suitable for both classroom use and the independent learner, the two books form a compendium of the essentials of Japanese grammar.

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to the grammar system for intermediate to advanced learners of Polish. It presents an accessible and systematic description of the language, focusing on real patterns of use in contemporary Polish.

The Grammar is a comprehensive work and an invaluable resource for students and anyone interested in linguistics and the way modern Polish works.

Features include:

coverage of all parts of speech

full cross referencing

well selected and illuminating examples.

The book is organised in such a way to promote a thorough understanding of Polish at all levels of structure; the sound system, formation of word and phrases and sentence construction. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, providing clear explanations and examples of each point.

Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the essential reference work on Polish grammar for all learners and users of the language.

This best-selling collection of readings explores the theme of dreams, the imagination, and the reasoning mind. Supporting a creative approach to the teaching of writing, "Dreams and Inward Journeys" presents a rich mixture of personal and academic essays, stories, and poems. The readings touch on such topics as memory, myths and fairy tales, obsessions, sexuality, gender roles, technology, popular culture, nature, and spirituality. Readings encourage the investigation of new ways of seeing and understanding self and the relationship to important social issues and universal human concerns. Featuring a dual thematic and rhetorical organization, each chapter also provides practical writing advice on a specific rhetorical pattern, a range of writing assignments, and sample papers. Beautiful, stimulating art opens each chapter to support the theme and provide prompts for prewriting.

This Grammar of Vaeakau-Taumako is the most comprehensive grammar of any Polynesian Outlier to date, and the first full-length grammar of any language of Temotu Province. Based on extensive fieldwork, it is structured as a reference grammar dealing with all aspects of language structure, from phonology to discourse organization, and including a selection of glossed texts.

Advanced Korean provides a wide range of topical reading texts and practice material for students making the transition to advanced level proficiency in Korean. Sequenced to address a one-year university program, each chapter comprises: The main reading passage New words and expressions with practice sets Grammar lessons and practice sets Speaking and writing activities Project activities for applying linguistic knowledge Self-evaluation rubrics With a range of online resources including an answer key, vocabulary lists, and downloadable activity sheets, this is an ideal text for students reaching Advanced level on the ACTFL proficiency scale and CEFR levels B2-C1. The wide range of vocabulary and abundant examples make this the perfect preparation for the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK).

This 2-way Dictionary is ideal for both linguists and the serious learner and user of Norwegian. Translations are supported by examples and entries are supported by an invaluable section covering aspects of Norwegian pronunciation and grammar.

The Learning Biblical Hebrew Workbook is an essential companion for students usingLearning Biblical Hebrew: Reading for Comprehension.The workbook includes guided readings tailored to the growing knowledge of the student using the introductory grammar. After the opening chapters containing grammar exercises to reinforce basic concepts, students begin reading actual Hebrew text based on the Joseph story from Genesis 37-50. The text has been abridged and modified to present students with a text that they can read with minimal help. The readings are accompanied with three types of annotations: the Hebrew root or lexical form, an English gloss, or grammatical and textual explanations. The notes are provided to facilitate reading comprehension by identifying unfamiliar words and concepts. As familiarity with vocabulary and grammar increases, the readings are modified less and less until students are essentially reading the standard Hebrew text used in most Hebrew Bibles today. After completing the beginning Biblical Hebrew reader based on the Joseph story, students move on to the intermediate Biblical Hebrew reader that includes the books of Ruth, Jonah, and Esther. The continuous practice of reading Biblical Hebrew text is an essential part of truly understanding and experiencing what you read. The Learning Biblical Hebrew Workbook provides that essential reading practice that will make your study of Biblical Hebrew come alive.

Mano a Mano: Portugues para Falantes de Espanhol vem preencher uma importante lacuna no mercado editorial: a carencia de livros didaticos que, considerando as necessidades especificas de falantes de espanhol, favorecam um desenvolvimento mais rapido de sua proficiencia em portugues. A colecao reune uma serie de caracteristicas favoraveis a aprendizagem do portugues em diferentes contextos (ensino medio, universidades, cursos livres): Convida o(a) aluno(a) a desenvolver sua proficiencia em portugues ao mesmo tempo que forma uma imagem multifacetada do Brasil, em dialogo com suas proprias construcoes culturais, desconstruindo discursos estabilizados e ampliando seus horizontes; Favorece o transito por multiplas praticas de letramento, em que circulam diferentes generos discursivos, oferecendo oportunidades para que o(a) estudante aprimore suas capacidades de linguagem em contextos reais, ou proximos a situacoes autenticas de interacao; Sensibiliza o(a) aluno(a) para diferentes variedades da lingua portuguesa; Permite ao(a) estudante desenvolver suas capacidades lexico-gramaticais e fonetico-fonologicas de maneira reflexiva e contextualizada, levando em consideracao necessidades especificas de falantes de espanhol; Propoe tarefas semelhantes as encontradas no Certificado de Proficiencia em Lingua Portuguesa para Estrangeiros (Celpe-Bras), do Ministerio da Educacao brasileiro; E acompanhado por dois cadernos complementares integrados, com explicacoes detalhadas referentes a recursos lexico-gramaticais e fonetico-fonologicos, alem de uma serie de atividades; Disponibiliza online os videos e audios de tarefas de compreensao oral e de atividades de pronuncia. Preparado para o desenvolvimento de um curso de ate 60 horas em contexto de imersao, ou 90 horas de nao-imersao, Mano a Mano, Volume 1 - Basico permite levar falantes de espanhol (como lingua materna ou estrangeira/adicional) que nunca tiveram contato significativo previo com o portugues ate o inicio do nivel Intermediario do Celpe-Bras, do B1 do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referencia para as Linguas, ou do Intermediario Medio do American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.

Graf von Anderson's College German Grammar and Culture is a beginners' textbook (CEFR A1-B2, ACTFL novice low - intermediate low) for the German language for college students and for those engaged in self-study with popular software programs and apps. In addition to illuminating profiles of key places and individuals who helped shape German history from Roman times to the present day, the textbook also includes important cultural briefings. Chapter by chapter the book delineates the scope of the German language, beginning with "ich", and moving on to subjects and verbs. Later chapters introduce cases, indirect and direct objects, prepositions, tenses, moods, and adjectives. Each chapter includes challenging exercises, and an answer key is provided. The rich cultural component in each chapter includes a travel guide, a historical snapshot, several musical selections, and a German text to read. This book is a straightforward and thorough introduction to the basic structures of German grammar and provides an overview of selected highlights of German culture to engage and enthuse.

NihonGO NOW! Level 2 is an intermediate level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 2 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio files allow instructors to adapt an intermediate level course, such as the second or third year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138305304.

NihonGO NOW! Level 2 is an intermediate level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 2 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio files allow instructors to adapt an intermediate level course, such as the second or third year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138305304.

NihonGO NOW! Level 2 is an intermediate level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 2 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio files allow instructors to adapt an intermediate level course, such as the second or third year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138305304.