Covering the 15000 most common Hindi and English words, in a small, compact volume, this pocket dictionary is a convenient and lightweight reference work with bi-directional Hindi-English and English-Hindi sections.

The Routledge Intermediate Welsh Reader is a comprehensive reader designed to provide varied, stimulating and up-to-date reading material for learners of Welsh at the intermediate level. The Welsh Reader provides a bridge between basic literacy skills and the ability to read full novels and newspapers in Welsh. It consists of thirty-five authentic readings, graded on the basis of complexity of vocabulary, grammar and syntax. These readings are drawn from a range of contemporary sources such as newspapers and magazines as well as novels and historical works. It is ideal for learners who already possess a knowledge of essential grammar and vocabulary and who wish to expand their knowledge of the language through contextualized reading material. Key features include: extracts of modern literature and newspaper/magazine articles vocabulary lists for quick reference short grammar explanations of any complicated structures initial consonant mutations marked typographically comprehension and discussion questions full answer key Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Welsh Reader is an essential tool for facilitating vocabulary learning and increasing reading proficiency.

Designed for students with a basic knowledge of Russian, this book provides an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume.
Across more than forty grammar topics it introduces the student to Russian people and culture through the medium of the language used today, covering the core material which the student would expect to encounter in their first year of learning Russian.
Complete with a full key to exercises and glossary, Basic Russian is a user-friendly reference grammar suitable for both independent study and class use.

This compact book reproduces fifty-two memorials in Latin taken from churches situated largely in the West Country. Each memorial is accompanied by a translation and by notes on the grammar. The book is aimed at all who would like to be able to read Latin epitaphs in churches, and whose knowledge of the language may be sketchy. The introduction explains the conventions involved in lettering, abbreviations, Latinized personal names, and stock phrases. It is followed by a very brief Latin grammar and notes on Roman numerals and dates. At the back of the book there is a word list containing all those words found in the inscriptions with numbered references, plus a selection of words which are commonly found in inscriptions generally, though not in those printed here. By combining these resources in one book, the author equips the reader with the tools to tackle other epitaphs beyond the pages of this book and further afield. Every attempt is made to help the reader understand the context in which each inscription was composed. For instance it is stressed that the composers of such epitaphs were skilled Latin scholars, and that there are very few errors to be seen. Errors attributable to the stonemasons or sign-writers are noted and corrected.

The highly anticipated next book in Tuttle's Stories for Language Learners series is here! This book presents 22 classic Chinese proverbs and the traditional tales behind them. The stories are bilingual, with the Chinese and English versions presented on facing pages. Each includes an explanation of how the proverb is used today, cultural notes, vocabulary and discussion questions. Audio recordings of the tales read by native speakers are included--giving students a chance to improve their pronunciation and comprehension. Some of the proverbs featured in this collection include: "Painting the Eyes on the Dragon" Based on the story of a famous court painter in 6th century China who painted dragons, this proverb refers to the finishing touches needed to bring a work of art or literature to life. In a discussion, it refers to the final statements used to clinch the argument. "Waiting for Rabbits by a Tree Stump" Based on an ancient folktale about a foolish farmer who sees a rabbit kill itself in front of him by running into a tree stump, then gives up tilling his field to wait for more rabbits by the stump. This saying is applied to people who wait passively for luck to strike again. It also refers to impractical people who stick to one way of doing things only because it has worked for them once in the past. "Pure Water Has No Fish; Perfect People Have No Friends" Many versions of this historical tale exist. The one told here is about a 2nd century AD official sent to govern a far-flung outpost on the Silk Road who is fastidious in applying strict rules and thereby causes the local people to rebel against him. In the professional world, it is used to refer to people who do not like to work with an overly strict supervisor or colleague. Whether being used in a classroom or for self-study, Chinese Stories for Language Learners provides an educational and entertaining way for intermediate Mandarin learners to expand their vocabulary and understanding of the language.

Designed to help adult professional and higher education learners deepen their understanding of the Uzbek language, culture, and its people, Uzbek: An Intermediate Textbook uses a wide selection of materials and task-oriented activities drawn from realistic situations and contexts to develop the four language skills (listening, reading, speaking, and writing). With special attention to grammatical accuracy, a variety of texts, audio clips, videos, and activities encourage learners to explore Uzbek culture and to compare and contrast it with their own. Uzbek: An Intermediate Textbook prepares learners to perform at level 1+ or 2 on the ILR scale and at the Intermediate High or Advanced Low level on the ACTFL scale. Features of Uzbek: An Intermediate Textbook * Topics covered include work, study, personal interests, and travel. * An accompanying CD-ROM provides audio and video files that complement activities in the book. * The book uses the Cyrillic alphabet -- the alphabet used in current government reports and the mass media as well as in archival material from the Soviet era. * A useful appendix compares the Cyrillic alphabet with the Latin alphabet. * Uzbek-English and English-Uzbek glossaries facilitate vocabulary acquisition.

This new edition of the Modern Italian Grammar is an innovative reference guide to Italian, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume. With a strong emphasis on contemporary usage, all grammar points and functions are richly illustrated with examples.

Implementing feedback from users of the first edition, this text includes clearer explanations, as well as a greater emphasis on areas of particular difficulty for learners of Italian. Divided into two sections, the book covers:

• traditional grammatical categories such as word order, nouns, verbs and adjectives
• language functions and notions such as giving and seeking information, describing processes and results, and expressing likes, dislikes and preferences.

This is the ideal reference grammar for learners of Italian at all levels, from beginner to advanced. No prior knowledge of grammatical terminology is needed and a glossary of grammatical terms is provided. This Grammar is complemented by the Modern Italian Grammar Workbook Second Edition which features related exercises and activities.

Fragmentation in Archaeology revolutionises archaeological studies of material culture, by arguing that the deliberate physical fragmentation of objects, and their (often structured) deposition, lies at the core of the archaeology of the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Copper Age of Central and Eastern Europe. John Chapman draws on detailed evidence from the Balkans to explain such phenomena as the mass sherd deposition in pits and the wealth of artefacts found in the Varna cemetery to place the significance of fragmentation within a broad anthropological context.

The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an innovative, text-based, language course designed for students interested in acquiring a foundation in Qur'anic and Classical Arabic. Focused on enhancing comprehension and vocabulary acquisition, the book contains 40 lessons designed to be covered in about 40 hours of classroom instruction. Starting with the shorter suras of the Qur'an, such as al-Fatiha and those of the Juz' 'Amma, it utilizes their recurring vocabulary and grammatical structures to build a stable linguistic foundation for learners before moving on to more challenging and longer suras such as Yasin, Maryam and Yusuf. Although the book is primarily designed for classroom use, the vocabulary and structures of the short suras, the accompanying audio recordings, and the activities found throughout the book will also be helpful for independent learners. The only prerequisite is knowledge of the Arabic writing system. The audio material, which is available on the Routledge website, helps learners improve their pronunciation of individual sounds and develop their skills to syllabify Arabic words and phrases correctly in order to approximate that of native speakers. Also available on the website are answer keys to exercises and transcriptions of the audio material. Written by an experienced teacher, The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an essential guide for instructors, students and anyone interested in developing their knowledge of Qur'anic Arabic.

The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an innovative, text-based, language course designed for students interested in acquiring a foundation in Qur'anic and Classical Arabic. Focused on enhancing comprehension and vocabulary acquisition, the book contains 40 lessons designed to be covered in about 40 hours of classroom instruction. Starting with the shorter suras of the Qur'an, such as al-Fatiha and those of the Juz' 'Amma, it utilizes their recurring vocabulary and grammatical structures to build a stable linguistic foundation for learners before moving on to more challenging and longer suras such as Yasin, Maryam and Yusuf. Although the book is primarily designed for classroom use, the vocabulary and structures of the short suras, the accompanying audio recordings, and the activities found throughout the book will also be helpful for independent learners. The only prerequisite is knowledge of the Arabic writing system. The audio material, which is available on the Routledge website, helps learners improve their pronunciation of individual sounds and develop their skills to syllabify Arabic words and phrases correctly in order to approximate that of native speakers. Also available on the website are answer keys to exercises and transcriptions of the audio material. Written by an experienced teacher, The Routledge Introduction to Qur'anic Arabic is an essential guide for instructors, students and anyone interested in developing their knowledge of Qur'anic Arabic.

The Routledge Introductory Persian Course: Farsi Shirin Ast, Second Edition, is an innovative course designed for students who are new to the language. Focusing on grammatical and communicative competence, the course contains 15 lessons combining dialogues and texts with grammar explanations, exercises and audio materials to guide and support the student through the key skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening. Key features include: Lively, content-based materials - the language is taught and practiced through a variety of dialogues and texts on the culture, history, and traditions of Iran Complete vocabulary lists - each vocabulary entry contains the English meaning, the part of the speech in Persian, as well as a sample sentence in Persian Colloquial situational dialogues - students are introduced to spoken Persian from the outset Carefully controlled exercises - new grammatical points are practiced in a variety of controlled exercises that bridge between students' existing information and the new information Audio material - students can develop natural pronunciation by imitating the audio recordings of the vocabulary, dialogues, and texts available freely online Glossaries - comprehensive Persian to English and English to Persian glossaries. The course provides everything that students and instructors need for an engaging and effective learning environment. Revised and updated, this new edition includes more vocabulary and grammar activities, and clearer learning outcomes.

You will never be lost for words in your travels around Portugal and the Portuguese islands again! Your ideal pocket-sized travel companion and the accompanying free ebook will ensure that you can say what you need in Portuguese with ease and confidence. Reliable, portable and easy-to-use, this phrasebook is an indispensable travel companion as you deal with the situations that crop up every day on holiday; from finding a chic hotel, or hiring a car to explore the countryside, to choosing a local delicacy from the menu, and, of course, setting up your wifi. With helpful travel information and cultural tips, plus a 3000-word dictionary, make sure you don’t go anywhere without this little book – an essential guide to speaking and understanding Portuguese when travelling in Portugal and the Portuguese islands. Access your free ebook at collins.co.uk/ebooks

NEW: The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader APP is now available on Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.oxola.turkishreader The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Turkish and comprises a broad selection of graded readings. Written by prominent Turkish academics and journalists, the collection of modern texts presented here have been carefully selected to ensure students receive maximum exposure to current political and cultural issues related to Turkey; from gender, ethnicity, religion and social class through to arts and history. Each reading is fully supported by: an introduction written by an expert in the related field a vocabulary list with English translation and vocabulary in context short grammar explanations of any difficult structures encountered in the text comprehension questions directly text related, language exercises and subject specific questions to generate class-discussion and essay writing in Turkish a key to comprehension questions and language exercises a list of suggested further reading (online support). Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching the learners' socio-cultural knowledge of Turkey. Companion website available at http://www.senelsymons.co.uk/books/ Introductions in English by: Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Prof. Dr. UEmit Cizre, Bilkent University, Dr. Can Dundar, journalist, writer, columnist, director, Dr. Martin Stokes, Oxford University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Kocak, Sabanci University, Prof. Dr. Fatih Selami Mahmutoglu, Istanbul University, Prof. Dr. Fatma Goek, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Dilek Cindoglu, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Yildiz Silier, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Aysegul Kibaroglu, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Oya Pancaroglu, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Meliz Ergin, Koc University, Prof. Dr. OEzlem Tur, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Ayse Uyduranoglu, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Zeynep Gambetti, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Saime OEzcurumez, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Kursad Ertugrul, Middle East Technical University, Dr. Selin Akyuz-Sasmaz, Bilkent University. The articles in Turkish by: Prof. Dr. Murat Belge, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Orhan Tekelioglu, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Murat Yetkin, journalist, columnist, lecturer, Radikal, Prof. Dr. Turker Alkan, Cankaya University, Prof. Dr. Baskin Oran, Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Hakan Hakeri, Ondokuz Mayis University; Cem Erciyes, journalist, Radikal, Dr. Fikret Bila, journalist, columnist, Milliyet, Prof. Dr. Sahin Alpay, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. Mumtaz'er Turkoene, Gazi University, Prof. Dr. Mahnaz Gumrukcuoglu, Sakarya University, Dr. Ali Bayramoglu, journalist, Yeni Safak, Prof. Dr. Hakki Uyar, Dokuz Eylul University, Ayse Hur, historian, journalist, columnist, Taraf.

Modern Irish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Irish grammar, providing a thorough overview of the language. Key features include: highly systematic coverage of all levels of structure: sound system, word formation, sentence construction and connection of sentences authentic examples and English translations which provide an accessible insight into the mechanics of the language an extensive index, numbered sections, cross-references and summary charts which provide readers with easy access to the information. Modern Irish: A Comprehensive Grammar is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Irish. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities, and adult classes of all types.

NEW: The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader APP is now available on Google Play: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.oxola.turkishreader The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader has been specially designed for intermediate and advanced learners of Turkish and comprises a broad selection of graded readings. Written by prominent Turkish academics and journalists, the collection of modern texts presented here have been carefully selected to ensure students receive maximum exposure to current political and cultural issues related to Turkey; from gender, ethnicity, religion and social class through to arts and history. Each reading is fully supported by: an introduction written by an expert in the related field a vocabulary list with English translation and vocabulary in context short grammar explanations of any difficult structures encountered in the text comprehension questions directly text related, language exercises and subject specific questions to generate class-discussion and essay writing in Turkish a key to comprehension questions and language exercises a list of suggested further reading (online support). Suitable for both class use and independent study, The Routledge Intermediate Turkish Reader is an essential tool for increasing language proficiency and enriching the learners' socio-cultural knowledge of Turkey. Companion website available at http://www.senelsymons.co.uk/books/ Introductions in English by: Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Prof. Dr. UEmit Cizre, Bilkent University, Dr. Can Dundar, journalist, writer, columnist, director, Dr. Martin Stokes, Oxford University, Prof. Dr. Cemil Kocak, Sabanci University, Prof. Dr. Fatih Selami Mahmutoglu, Istanbul University, Prof. Dr. Fatma Goek, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Dilek Cindoglu, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Yildiz Silier, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Aysegul Kibaroglu, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Oya Pancaroglu, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Meliz Ergin, Koc University, Prof. Dr. OEzlem Tur, Middle East Technical University, Prof. Dr. Ayse Uyduranoglu, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Zeynep Gambetti, Bogazici University, Prof. Dr. Saime OEzcurumez, Bilkent University, Prof. Dr. Kursad Ertugrul, Middle East Technical University, Dr. Selin Akyuz-Sasmaz, Bilkent University. The articles in Turkish by: Prof. Dr. Murat Belge, Bilgi University, Prof. Dr. Orhan Tekelioglu, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. E. Fuat Keyman, Koc University, Murat Yetkin, journalist, columnist, lecturer, Radikal, Prof. Dr. Turker Alkan, Cankaya University, Prof. Dr. Baskin Oran, Ankara University, Prof. Dr. Hakan Hakeri, Ondokuz Mayis University; Cem Erciyes, journalist, Radikal, Dr. Fikret Bila, journalist, columnist, Milliyet, Prof. Dr. Sahin Alpay, Bahcesehir University, Prof. Dr. Mumtaz'er Turkoene, Gazi University, Prof. Dr. Mahnaz Gumrukcuoglu, Sakarya University, Dr. Ali Bayramoglu, journalist, Yeni Safak, Prof. Dr. Hakki Uyar, Dokuz Eylul University, Ayse Hur, historian, journalist, columnist, Taraf.

Latvian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to the basic grammatical structures of Latvian. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations to set out the complexities of Latvian in short, readable sections. Key features include: clear grammar explanations frequent use of authentic examples glossary of grammatical terms pronunciation guide, bibliography and subject index This is the ideal reference source both for those studying Latvian independently and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types to back up their studies.

Polish: An Essential Grammar is a user-friendly guide to all the important structures of this fascinating language. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Polish in short, readable sections. Key features include: a new chapter on studying an inflected language, including detailed analysis of a typical text comprehensive descriptions of the parts of speech covered information presented clearly and logically in table form a wealth of real-life examples nine clearly-presented appendices. This grammar is an invaluable asset to anyone wishing to master the Polish language as it is spoken today. Two companion books, Basic Polish: A Grammar and Workbook and Intermediate Polish: A Grammar and Workbook, provide more detailed practice in the language.

Intermediate Japanese is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to progress to more complex language. Each unit combines clear, concise grammar explanations with examples and exercises to help build confidence and fluency.

The book is divided into two parts. Part One outlines fundamental components of Japanese including particles, question words, verb types and tense while Part Two builds on this foundation by introducing grammatical patterns organised by the task they achieve.

Features include:

• clear, accessible format
• jargon-free explanations of grammar
• many useful and culturally relevant examples
• abundant exercises with full answer key
• detailed index of grammar patterns.

Intermediate Japanese reviews the principal elements presented in its sister volume, Basic Japanese, and introduces more complicated structures. Suitable for both classroom use and the independent learner, the two books form a compendium of the essentials of Japanese grammar.

Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language has become firmly established as the leading reference guide to modern Greek grammar. With its detailed treatment of all grammatical structures, its analysis of the complexities of the language and its particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty, it is the first truly comprehensive grammar of the language to be produced. It provides a study of the real patterns of use in contemporary Greek

This second edition continues to focus on the Greek spoken and written by native speakers today. Taking account of recent changes to the Greek language, this new edition features:

• Significantly expanded material on many areas, including syntax and phonology
• A new chapter on derivational morphology and other word formation processes including compounding and acronym formation
• Examples drawn from everyday spoken usage as well as official, journalistic and online discourse, such as newspapers, blogs and discussion groups
• A significantly expanded index of English terms and Greek words and a revised glossary of terms

The Grammar will be an essential reference source for the adult learner and user of Greek. It is ideal for independent study and for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes, up to an advanced level.