This third edition of this text presents the major grammatical contrasts between English and Spanish in a simple and direct manner that is ideal for teachers of either language. This book addresses difficult grammatical topics for the English speaker, such as the question of aspect (preterit/imperfect) and the Spanish indicative/subjunctive; the English modal auxiliary system; and other challenging topics for the Spanish speaker. This reworked and expanded edition presents a complete inventory of all the major inter-lingual contrasts, emphasizing those contrasts that pose difficulties for teachers and students alike. The text features numerous exercises and, new with this edition, an extensive glossary of grammatical terms. Answer key available upon request from the publisher.

Ecrire comme on aimerait lire est un ouvrage destine a des etudiants avances de francais. Il vise a etendre les connaissances en matiere de vocabulaire et de style afin de liberer l'ecriture. Il s'articule autour de quatre axes : la precision lexicale, l'amelioration des phrases, l'emploi des figures de style et la bonne comprehension des denotations et connotations. En tant que tel, il sera aussi un outil de reference pour la traduction de la L1 vers la L2. Cet ouvrage vise les etudiants de francais des niveaux DALF C1 et C2 du CECRL (Cadre Europeen Commun de Reference pour les Langues) et ceux au niveau Advanced High de l'echelle des competences de ACTFL (the American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages).

An unmissable collection of eight unconventional and captivating short stories for young and adult learners. "I love Olly's work - and you will too!" - Barbara Oakley, PhD, Author of New York Times bestseller A Mind for Numbers Short Stories in Spanish for Beginners has been written especially for students from beginner to intermediate level, designed to give a sense of achievement, and most importantly - enjoyment! Mapped to A2-B1 on the Common European Framework of Reference, these eight captivating stories will both entertain you, and give you a feeling of progress when reading. What does this book give you? · Eight stories in a variety of exciting genres, from science fiction and crime to history and thriller - making reading fun, while you learn a wide range of new vocabulary · Controlled language at your level, including the 1000 most frequent words, to help you progress confidently · Authentic spoken dialogues, to help you learn conversational expressions and improve your speaking ability · Pleasure! It's much easier to learn a new language when you're having fun, and research shows that if you're enjoying reading in a foreign language, you won't experience the usual feelings of frustration - 'It's too hard!' 'I don't understand!' · Accessible grammar so you learn new structures naturally, in a stress-free way Carefully curated to make learning a new language easy, these stories include key features that will support and consolidate your progress, including · A glossary for bolded words in each text · A bilingual word list · Full plot summary · Comprehension questions after each chapter. As a result, you will be able to focus on enjoying reading, delighting in your improved range of vocabulary and grasp of the language, without ever feeling overwhelmed or frustrated. From science fiction to fantasy, to crime and thrillers, Short Stories in Spanish for Beginners will make learning Spanish easy and enjoyable.

Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Vietnamese. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Features include: Clear and up-to-date examples of modern usage. Special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners. Vietnamese / English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. The final section covers pronunciation, providing an introduction to the syllable structure of Vietnamese, and highlighting common errors made by English-speaking learners. Accompanying audio tracks for this chapter are available at www.routledge.com/9781138210707. Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

The progress of ubiquitous information technologies has led to the arrival of entirely new environments where interaction amongst its users takes place. The means of communication, learning environments and methods of enhancing students' competence have changed in both academic and professional settings. The book aims to investigate if the implementation of a virtual learning environment into regular foreign language instruction, as an augmentation of the regular classroom practice, has an impact on adult learners' speaking (productive skills), listening (receptive skills) and grammatical competence. However, what was meant as a localised study became the new normal and a global reality as the coronavirus impacted all aspects of education.

Do you know Latin American Spanish already and want to go a stage further? If you're planning a visit to South America, need to brush up your Latin American Spanish for work, or are simply doing a course, Colloquial Spanish of Latin America 2 is the ideal way to refresh your knowledge of the language and extend your skills. Colloquial Spanish of Latin America 2 is designed to help those involved in self-study. Structured to give you the opportunity to listen to and read lots of modern, everyday Latin American Spanish, it has been developed to work systematically on reinforcing and extending your grasp of the grammar and vocabulary. Key features of Colloquial Spanish of Latin America 2 include: Revision material to help consolidate and build up your basics Lots of spoken and written exercises in each unit A grammar reference and detailed answer keys Extensive Spanish/English and English/Spanish glossaries Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Teaching: metodologias, contextos y recursos para la ensenanza del espanol L2 provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art account of the main methodologies, contexts and resources in Spanish Language Teaching (SLT), a field that has experienced significant growth world-wide in recent decades and has consolidated as an autonomous discipline within Applied Linguistics. Written entirely in Spanish, the volume is the first handbook on Spanish Language Teaching to connect theories on language teaching with methodological and practical aspects from an international perspective. It brings together the most recent research and offers a broad, multifaceted view of the discipline. Features include: Forty-four chapters offering an interdisciplinary overview of SLT written by over sixty renowned experts from around the world; Five broad sections that combine theoretical and practical components: Methodology; Language Skills; Formal and Grammatical Aspects; Sociocultural Aspects; and Tools and Resources; In-depth reflections on the practical aspects of Hispanic Linguistics and Spanish Language Teaching to further engage with new theoretical ideas and to understand how to tackle classroom-related matters; A consistent inner structure for each chapter with theoretical aspects, methodological guidelines, practical considerations, and valuable references for further reading; An array of teaching techniques, reflection questions, language samples, design of activities, and methodological guidelines throughout the volume. The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Language Teaching contributes to enriching the field by being an essential reference work and study material for specialists, researchers, language practitioners, and current and future educators. The book will be equally useful for people interested in curriculum design and graduate students willing to acquire a complete and up-to-date view of the field with immediate applicability to the teaching of the language.

Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Vietnamese. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Features include: Clear and up-to-date examples of modern usage. Special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners. Vietnamese / English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. The final section covers pronunciation, providing an introduction to the syllable structure of Vietnamese, and highlighting common errors made by English-speaking learners. Accompanying audio tracks for this chapter are available at www.routledge.com/9781138210707. Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

An unmissable collection of eight unconventional and captivating short stories for young adult and adult intermediate learners of Russian. Olly's top-notch language-learning insights are right in line with the best of what we know from neuroscience and cognitive psychology about how to learn effectively. I love his work - and you will too! - Barbara Oakley, PhD, Author of New York Times bestseller A Mind for Numbers Short Stories in Russian for Intermediate Learners has been written especially for students from a low-intermediate to intermediate level, designed to give a sense of achievement, and most importantly - enjoyment! Mapped to B1-B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for languages, these eight captivating stories will both entertain you and give you a feeling of progress when reading. What does this book give you? * Eight stories in a variety of exciting genres, from science fiction and crime to history and thriller - making reading fun, while you learn a wide range of new vocabulary * Controlled language at your level, to help you progress confidently * Realistic spoken dialogues, to help you learn conversational expressions and improve your speaking ability * Accessible grammar so you learn new structures naturally, in a stress-free way * Beautiful illustrations accompanying each story, to set the scene and support your understanding * Pleasure! Research shows that if you're enjoying reading in a foreign language, you won't experience the usual feelings of frustration - 'It's too hard!' 'I don't understand!' With intriguing plots that will spark your imagination and keep you reading, Short Stories in Russian for Intermediate Learners will take your grasp of Russian to the next level with key features to support and consolidate your progress, including: * A glossary for bold-face words in each text * A bilingual word list * Full plot summary * Comprehension questions after each chapter. As a result, you will be able to focus on enjoying reading in Cyrillic, delighting in your improved range of vocabulary and grasp of the language, without ever feeling overwhelmed. From science fiction to fantasy, to crime and thrillers, Short Stories in Russian for Intermediate Learners uses reading as the perfect tool to not only delight in learning Russian and reading Cyrillic, but to accelerate your journey towards fluency. Use the codes inside the book and ebook to access a bonus story for free and the discounted audiobook on our Language Readers Library site or on the Language Readers app.

Specifically designed for students of Arabic, this fully illustrated rendition of the Arabic literary classic enhances students' reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills through the medium of these fun, engaging, and culturally relevant tales. The first part of this second edition follows the original order of the stories, with new vocabulary explained in footnotes throughout. In the second part, grammar explanations and a wealth of exercises provide ample opportunities for readers to improve their understanding of the stories and strengthen their command of Arabic grammar and Arabic writing. The audio material, containing the texts of the stories read by native speakers, is available to download free online to help develop the learner's listening skills. Suitable for both class use and independent study, Kalila wa Dimna: for Students of Arabic is a must for all intermediate to advanced students wishing to enhance their language skills and discover one of the most popular pieces of Arabic literature ever written.

The Beginner's Series is designed to meet the bilingual needs of the traveling businessperson, tourist, and student. These language lessons cover such common situations as: passing through customs, checking into a hotel, placing phone calls, going to the post office, and extending and accepting invitations. First learn about the country's history and culture, acquaint yourself with social customs, restaurant practices, and transportation systems. Then learn basic language skills, including vocabulary, grammar, and useful phrases that will have you communicating with natives and moving about feeely. Clear, easy to use, and insightful, the Beginner's Series will introduce you to the languages of the world.

Lingala (a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo family) is spoken by approximately 10 million people living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic and Angola. It originated in the Equatorial Region of the DRC, but as the official language of the Army, it became the major language of the Capital city, Kinshasa. Lingala is considered one of the national languages of the DRC. Lingala spread during the colonial era, when Lingala-speaking soldiers were posted in barracks across the country, and also when Rumba music singers used Lingala for their compositions. This dictionary uses the simplified Lingala dialect, also known as Lingala facile. It is mostly a spoken language. This unique, two-part resource provides travelers to central Africa with the tools they need for daily interaction. The bilingual dictionary has a concise vocabulary for everyday use, and the phrasebook allows instant communication on a variety of topics. Includes 4,000 dictionary entries, phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers, essential phrases for travel and business, and a concise grammar and pronunciation section.

Translated by Kenneth R MacKenzie, Pan Tadeusz is an epic tale of country life among the Polish and Lithuanian gentry in the years 1811 and 1812. It is a poem of the love of country, to which all people belong.

French for Reading and Translation is a comprehensive introduction to French grammar and vocabulary for those who want to learn to read and understand French, either to conduct academic research or to experience French literature in its original form. Rather than explaining every grammatical concept in tedious detail, the book gives easy-to-follow explanations followed by abundant examples and opportunities to see the language in use. It encourages readers to learn vocabulary by showing them how to break it down and how to recognize related words. It gives learners the opportunity to use various reading strategies as they apply this newfound knowledge to the French passages provided. An engaging guide that will help readers decode the intricacies of the French language, this is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers consulting French sources.

French for Reading and Translation is a comprehensive introduction to French grammar and vocabulary for those who want to learn to read and understand French, either to conduct academic research or to experience French literature in its original form. Rather than explaining every grammatical concept in tedious detail, the book gives easy-to-follow explanations followed by abundant examples and opportunities to see the language in use. It encourages readers to learn vocabulary by showing them how to break it down and how to recognize related words. It gives learners the opportunity to use various reading strategies as they apply this newfound knowledge to the French passages provided. An engaging guide that will help readers decode the intricacies of the French language, this is an ideal resource for graduate students and researchers consulting French sources.

Intermediate Irish is a jargon-free workbook examining the most commonly used grammatical structures within the Irish language. Focusing on the repeated use of grammatical patterns, the Grammar develops an understanding of the structures presented, making the forms familiar and automatic for learners.

This user-friendly workbook includes:

• terminology introduced and explained with multiple examples
• exercises in the grammatical forms introduced in the text
• translation exercises
• an exercise key.

Russian in Plain English enables complete beginners to acquire the skill of reading words written in Cyrillic independently, with no English transcription or imitated pronunciation, within a short period of time. This book introduces the Cyrillic alphabet gradually, feeding in the letters and their various pronunciation aspects one by one over its ten units, thus building a complete picture of the Russian sound and writing systems. It also highlights the interrelationship of the two systems and helps learners to see the logic behind the use of the Cyrillic alphabet. In addition, the book teaches learners to produce Russian word stress on a marked syllable, contributing to stress acquisition. Furthermore, the book explains the basic grammatical features of Russian words and the rules of how to put them into sentences, enabling learners to start saying things in Russian from Unit 1. It employs some findings of research in language processing, helping learners to start building their speaking and reading skills. This book is an essential guide for all beginners, including students and independent learners.

The 10-lesson (5 CDs) Basic Course gives customers the chance to test drive the incredibly effective and efficient, world-famous Pimsleur Comprehensive Program. A real try it before you buy it deal. Customers will love the experience of acquiring the essential grammar and vocabulary of Japanese, during the spoken practice sessions. It is this ease of language acquisition that makes the full Comprehensive Pimsleur Program so popular and successful for adult language learners.

This Italian reference grammar provides students, teachers and others interested in the Italian language with a comprehensive, accessible and jargon-free guide to the forms and structure of Italian. Whatever their level of knowledge of the language, learners of Italian will find this book indispensable: it gives clear and detailed explanations of everything from the most elementary facts such as the relation between spelling and pronunciation, or the forms of the article, to more advanced points such as the various nuances of the subjunctive. Formal or archaic discourse is distinguished from informal, everyday usage, and regionalisms are also indicated where appropriate. The authors have taken care to make it an easy and illuminating reference tool: extensive cross-referencing enables readers to quickly find the information they require, and also stimulates them to discover new, related facts.

An unmissable collection of eight unconventional and captivating short stories for young and adult learners of Norwegian. "Olly's top-notch language-learning insights are right in line with the best of what we know from neuroscience and cognitive psychology about how to learn effectively. I love his work - and you will too!" - Barbara Oakley, PhD, Author of New York Times bestseller A Mind for Numbers Short Stories in Norwegian for Beginners has been written especially for students from high-beginner to low-intermediate level, designed to give a sense of achievement, a feeling of progress and most importantly - enjoyment! Mapped to A2-B1 on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for languages, these eight captivating stories are designed to give you a sense of achievement and a feeling of progress when reading. What does this book give you? - Eight stories in a variety of exciting genres, from science fiction and crime to history and thriller - making reading fun, while you learn a wide range of new vocabulary -Controlled language at your level to help you progress confidently -Authentic spoken dialogues to help you learn conversational expressions and improve your speaking ability -Accessible grammar so you learn new structures naturally, in a stress-free way -Pleasure! Research shows that if you're enjoying reading in a foreign language, you won't experience the usual feelings of frustration - 'It's too hard!' 'I don't understand!' Carefully curated to make learning a new language easy, these stories include key features that will support and consolidate your progress, including: - A glossary for bolded words in each chapter - Full plot summary - A bilingual word list - Comprehension questions after each chapter. As a result, you will be able to focus on enjoying reading, delighting in your improved range of vocabulary and grasp of the language, without ever feeling overwhelmed. From science fiction to fantasy, to crime and thrillers, Short Stories in Norwegian for Beginners will make learning Norwegian easy and enjoyable.

The Oxford Reader offers a renewed emphasis on more traditional forms of literacy-sustained reading, writing, and thinking-which comes at a particularly urgent moment. In a world of alternative facts and fake news, the importance of a well and deeply educated citizenry is reinvigorated. Even within the multimodal classroom, many instructors have continued to introduce (or reintroduce) the modes to employ readings that direct students to read carefully, to respond and argue cogently and accountably, and to become nimble and ready writers, no matter what they're writing. The Oxford Reader distinguishes itself by offering not only an expected mix of classic and contemporary selections, but also a variety of genres to emphasize nonfiction, without excluding some literary works and prominent pieces from blogs and other online sources. This spectrum of voices, genres, and time periods illustrate that what is considered contemporary thinking often has its roots elsewhere.

Gain the essential grammar skills needed to communicate more confidently in Italian! Developing a good grasp of grammar is key to mastering a foreign language. This popular guide provides comprehensive coverage of all the elements of Italian grammar. Each grammatical concept is clarified and then illustrated with lively example sentences. More than 350 exercises provide you with plenty of practice to apply this knowledge in everyday conversation. The exercises are contextualized with scene-setting instructions in Italian to ensure relevance to practice conversational and writing requirements. With this edition, you'll also have access to the unique McGraw-Hill Education Language Lab app featuring extensive audio recordings and interactive quizzes. The app makes it easy to study on-the-go, test your comprehension, and hone your new language skills. The Ultimate Italian Review and Practice features: *Clear, concise explanations of all the grammar topics, illustrated with examples from everyday life*More than 350 engaging exercises with an answer key to help you master Italian grammar and vocabulary*Vocabulary boxes providing the terms and expressions that will increase your ability to express yourself*Cultural notes that enhance the effectiveness of the grammar exercises while acquainting you with contemporary Italy *Extensive audio exercises and quizzes available via the McGraw-Hill Education Language Lab app

Whether you're the boss of a conglomerate or an entry-level candidate preparing for an interview, how you speak has an effect on how you are perceived. Grammar gaffes, incorrect word choices, inappropriate language and inarticulate expression can peg you as both uneducated and unsophisticated. The author leads you every step of the way on the road to success. You will find this book to be warm, inviting, and sometimes downright amusing as it guides you through the perils and pleasures of the spoken word on your way up the corporate ladder.

This intensive foundation course in Russian is designed for students with no previous knowledge of the language. Developed primarily for classroom use, the course offers an original and distinctive approach to language learning, presenting Russian in context offering access to Russian life, culture, history and society. Using authentic language throughout, the course takes students from beginner to intermediate level in one year. Progress is carefully structured, starting with simple grammar and working towards more complex points with the acquisition of a significant body of vocabulary. By the end of the course students will have acquired a sound knowledge of the main structures of the language and will be able to express themselves confidently in a wide range of communicative contexts. The tried-and-tested material featured in the course is structured to improve all four core skills of language learning: speaking, listening, reading and writing. The course is divided in three parts: Part 1 provides a foundation which gets the student going in Russian Part 2 concentrates on intensive development to take the student rapidly forward Part 3 incorporates both revision and further development. Each unit is divided into lessons which all include lively dialogues, sections on grammar and language functions and lots of exercises that help develop the student's practical language skills. Audio materials recorded by native speakers include dialogues, exercises and a variety of texts to help students using the course to improve their listening comprehension and pronunciation skills. Audio materials recorded by native speakers include dialogues, exercises and a variety of texts to help students using the course to improve their listening comprehension and pronunciation skills. The audio materials and other supplementary materials are available as free eResources here: www.routledge.com/9780415223003.