The book is dedicated to the blessed memory of Prof. Zvia Breznitz, whose groundbreaking research has made a tremendous impact on the understanding of fluency in reading. The book presents a multidimensional perspective of recent research and reviews on fluency in reading. The first part presents recent brain-imaging findings from studies into the neurobiological basis of reading, as well as cognitive and language studies exploring the underlying factors of fluency in reading and its development. The second part comprises reviews of intervention studies that address reading ability, and in particular, fluency in reading. The book provides a unique multilingual perspective on reading research by including studies of readers of different orthographies and speakers of different languages. Both scientists exploring the different aspects of reading and language, and clinicians of reading intervention will find this book not only of great interest but extremely useful in its clear and in-depth presentation of current reading research.

WHY PUBLISH: - Leading edge research in the rapidly expanding field of CALL. This book also includes broad coverage of theory and practical applications. - International range of case studies. - The authors have a strong publication record in this field of study.

Offering a new perspective on adult English language education, this book provides theoretical and practical insights into how digital literacies can be included in the learning programmes for newly arrived adults from migrant and refugee backgrounds. Enhancing Digital Literacies with Adult English Language Learners takes readers inside Langfield, an adult community-based English language centre that supports the settlement and learning of this vulnerable group. Drawing on a six-month ethnographic study of Langfield's work, the book explores the approach to teaching digital literacies and presents a range of perspectives, including those of the adult learners, the teachers, and the organisation's CEO. The chapters present a holistic view of teaching digital literacies in the adult English language context by exploring: adult learners' digital literacy practices in everyday life and their learning at Langfield; teachers' beliefs and practices about digital literacies; and the support offered to them through institutional resources, leadership, and professional learning. The book identifies exemplary practices, as well as areas for further development in Langfield's work and offers a range of implications for practice, policy, and research. Written in a detailed but accessible manner, this book contributes important insights into the strengths and needs of this unique and complex education sector. Addressing an area of uncertainty for many researchers, practitioners, leaders, and policy makers working within community-based learning contexts in Australia and internationally, this book will be an essential resource.

* Includes chapters based on award-winning, unpublished original research carried out in a range of contexts across the globe, at the primary, secondary, and post-secondary levels * Offers unique overviews, empirical research, and insights into the teaching and learning of English in through content-based instruction * The diversity of authors, research contexts, and related topics will contribute to a novel sampling of research on the topic

* Very important Indian language, well supported by university teaching institutions * Suitable for independent and classroom-based learners at undergraduate level * This book is an excellent grammar resource, which would appeal to a range of users including students and teachers of Hindi, as well as those with a general interest in languages and linguistics * The book is well laid out for learners, and follows a meaningful structure in the order in which topics are introduced * contains good examples in a clear Hindi font, supported by a very straightforward and uncomplicated transliteration system

The role of cognition in a literature-based foreign language classroom is investigated and explained here. By implementing a sociocultural approach, cognition is understood as the basic building block for all human learning and language development. This study incorporates various understandings and views from reader-response theory, literary theory, and discourse analysis in order to support the conclusions reached through authentic classroom discourse analysis.

Along with clarifying current trends in second language acquisition theory, this text also offers the classroom teacher practical suggestions on how to aproach and evaluate classroom talk that is based on literature or authentic readings. The book also contains new approaches and views on the roles of reader-response theory in the language classroom that are also reflected in a contemporary literary theory that has been developed espcially with second language readers and learners in mind. The author challenges the current view of scaffolding as demonstrated in the data analysis and offers a more realistic interpretation of what may actually be taking place in the language classrooms under the guise of scaffolding. The role of opportunities to enter into discourse becomes central to the main argument and is exemplified through actual classroom transcripts.

Exam board: AQA Level: A-level Subject: Geography First teaching: September 2016 First exams: Summer 2018 Essential vocabulary for AQA A-level German, all in one place. - Supplement key resources such as course textbooks with all the vocab students need to know in one easy-to-navigate place, completed updated to match the latest specification - Ensure extensive vocab coverage with topic-by-topic lists of key words and phrases, including a new section dedicated to film and literature - Test students' knowledge with end-of-topic activities designed to deepen their understanding of word patterns and relationships - Develop effective strategies for learning new vocab and dealing with unfamiliar words

A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language is a text-based reference grammar of a highly endangered language. The Onondaga language is a Northern Iroquoian language spoken at Six Nations Reserve near Brantford Ontario and at Onondaga Nation near Syracuse, New York. The approach was chosen to insure that the language not be seen through an English filter. The source materials come from many years of the author's own field work, and from extensive documentation of Onondaga texts dating back to the late nineteenth century. Woodbury uses the many text examples to provide detailed and careful explanations of the language's phonological and grammatical processes and takes particular care to explain the technical vocabulary she uses for the convenience of students of the language. Intended as a companion volume to the Onondaga-English/English-Onondaga Dictionary published by University of Toronto Press in 2003, A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language is an accessible guide for students and teachers of the Iroquoian languages, and for the non-Iroquoian linguist with interests in comparative work on Indigenous languages and culture.

Build confidence for the written and oral assessments with hours of essential grammar practice activities and opportunities to develop writing skills. - Ensure structured language practice through comprehensive coverage of all IB grammar points and in-depth practice of core reading and writing skills based around the main text types. - Provide revision opportunities alongside material for ab initio students in the Transition section. - Effectively teach students at two levels with differentiated activities at Standard and Higher level.

The Spanish Literary Generation of 1968: Jose Maria Guelbenzu, Lourdes Ortiz, and Ana Maria Moix serves multiple purposes. Most importantly, it is an overview of an important moment in Spanish literary history that is connected to an extremely important moment in world history, 1968, as well as what that year represents in many countries, such as France, Germany, Mexico, and the United States. This text aims to show how young writers who were coming of age precisely at that moment incorporated into their novels the new ideas that they found in the writing of many foreign authors, generally unknown to previous generations, whose works were essential to their development. The author has focused on three authors who he feels are most representative of their generation, and follows with a lengthy study of the critical reception they have received over time. Finally, in an appendix, one will find excerpts of an unpublished novel by Lourdes Ortiz and interviews with all three authors. It is hoped that this text, with its extensive bibliography, will serve as a valuable source for students and professors alike.

Relevant and timely coverage of under-researched Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP); Wide-ranging coverage on CSP learning materials, needs analysis, & curriculum design; Innovations in classroom research and professional context analysis; Making connections between research professionals and front-line practitioners that benefit the broad field of LSP education and research

Relevant and timely coverage of under-researched Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP); Wide-ranging coverage on CSP learning materials, needs analysis, & curriculum design; Innovations in classroom research and professional context analysis; Making connections between research professionals and front-line practitioners that benefit the broad field of LSP education and research

Chinese proverbs offer invaluable insights into both the language and rich culture of China. Assembled here are proverbs that form the basic cultural tokens with which Chinese speakers communicate about issues of love, friendship, morality, life, and human nature. In this new edition, the authors have updated and reformatted their popular reference to 1,000 of the most illuminating and frequently used Chinese proverbs. Organized alphabetically by pinyin Romanization, the proverbs in this volume are not only translated into clear, idiomatic English, but also rendered into both traditional and simplified Chinese. The book is an indispensable tool for students interested in mastering the subtleties and nuances of the Chinese language. New features in this edition include: simplified and traditional character renderings of each proverb, a new introduction by the authors, an English index of key terms, and a concordance of key Chinese characters, for easy reference.

WHY PUBLISH: - Leading edge research in the rapidly expanding field of CALL. This book also includes broad coverage of theory and practical applications. - International range of case studies. - The authors have a strong publication record in this field of study.

NorthStar, Fifth Edition is an integrated-skills English course that empowers adult and young adult English language learners to achieve their academic and personal goals. Current and thought-provoking topics promote language development and critical thinking skills. Building on the success of previous editions, this new fifth edition engages and motivates students with new and updated content. What is new in the fifth edition? - New and updated content with a new theme keeps students motivated. - The new design and imagery bring the activities to life. - Learning outcomes are created using the Global Scale of English (GSE) so students can see their progress more easily. - Every unit offers note-taking practice and writing skill development. - Scaffolded critical thinking activities are clearly marked to help students develop their academic skills. - Academic Word List words are highlighted to help students identify essential vocabulary. - New and updated activities in MyEnglishLab provide additional practice online. - ExamView Test Generator allows teachers to customize assessments. - Students can complete activities, listen to audio, and watch video on the go with the Pearson Practice English App.

A handy cheat sheet of key Korean grammar points in an at-a-glance, easy-to-carry format! The Korean Grammar Language Study Card is the perfect resource for reviewing the main grammar points that frequently appear in the TOPIK test. The compact, portable format is invaluable for anyone wanting to quickly review or expand their knowledge of everyday Korean sentence and verb forms. This study card includes: Overview of basic sentence structure Key verb forms How to use sentence particles correctly How to make questions How to use connecting words The grammar points are clearly organized into color-coded sections. Each section has a concise explanation in English followed by examples given in Korean script and romanized Korean with English translation. Free online audio recordings by native speakers provide clear and accurate pronunciations for all the Korean words and sentences, and a Korean alphabet chart is also included! Designed for convenience, this study card is: Laminated: to hold up over time and avoid being ruined by coffee spills 3 hole punched: giving the option to put it in a binder 8.5x11 inches: to easily fit into a folder or notebook alongside other study materials

The home of trusted Spanish dictionaries for everyday language learning. A handy 3-in-1 Spanish study book: grammar, verbs and vocabulary in one volume, ideal for beginners who need a clear and easy-to-understand Spanish reference and revision guide. This book gives you the essential tools to help you progress quickly in your study of Spanish. The grammar, verb and vocabulary sections have been designed for all those learning Spanish at school, in an evening class, for work or for leisure. Grammar: this section provides easily accessible information in an attractively presented layout. Key grammatical points are highlighted throughout the text as a means of reinforcement. Hundreds of examples of real Spanish illustrate clearly the grammatical points being made. In addition, a full glossary gives clear and simple explanations of grammatical terminology. Verbs: you will find 120 fully conjugated regular and irregular verbs in this section. Each is self contained in a double-page spread showing all the major tenses. Major constructions and idiomatic phrases are given for all verb models, as well as hundreds of examples of real Spanish to show you how verbs are used in context . An index contains thousands of verbs which are cross-referred to their conjugation model. Vocabulary: this handy section covering 50 topics (such as family, free time, careers, computing, education, food and drink, health, shopping) gives you all the vocabulary you need to communicate effectively in Spanish. With its clear, user-friendly grammar, all the most important Spanish verbs shown in full, and an extensive vocabulary guide, this book gives you all the elements to start speaking and writing with confidence in Spanish.

Modern Italian Grammar Workbook, Second Edition is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Italian, which can be used independently or alongside Modern Italian Grammar, Second Edition also published by Routledge. Divided into three sections, this highly useful text: includes exercises based on essential grammatical structures; practises everyday functions such as making introductions and expressing needs; presents realistic role plays in short scenes, set in a range of different contexts. Implementing feedback from its predecessor, this updated second edition now features: exercises graded on a three-point scale according to their level of difficulty; cross-referencing to the Modern Italian Grammar, Second Edition for each and every exercise; topical activities to develop vocabulary. Also containing a comprehensive answer key at the back of the book for checking progress, Modern Italian Grammar Workbook, Second Edition is a complete reference work suitable for both class-use and self-study.

This new edition of Modern Hebrew: An Essential Grammar is an up-to-date and practical reference guide to the most important aspects of modern Hebrew as used by contemporary native speakers of the language. It presents an accessible description of the language, focusing on the real patterns of use today. The Grammar aims to serve as a reference source for the learner and user of Hebrew irrespective of level, by setting out the complexities of the language in short, readable sections that are clear and free from jargon. It is ideal either for independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Features of this new edition include: * Much expanded coverage of a large part of the syntax and morphology * Reformulation and clarification of many details * Enrichment of the vocabulary to mirror the digital and Internet age.

Dari is the most used language in Afghanistan; all official documents are written in it. This textbook, designed to cover one year of instruction, offers beginning learners a communicative approach to the Dari language that develops the four language skills -- speaking, listening, reading, and writing -- through culturally relevant activities. The book is accompanied by a CD-ROM with extensive authentic materials, including audio and videos recorded in Afghanistan, to help learners perform tasks and functions in both colloquial and standard forms. Grammar and vocabulary in each thematic lesson are chosen carefully to help learners perform these tasks and functions at an elementary level and beyond.

"Dari: An Elementary Textbook "prepares learners to perform at level 1] or 2 on the ILR scale and at the novice high/intermediate low level on the ACTFL scale. Special notes are included for people with experience in Persian to help them learn Dari more efficiently. It is the fifth elementary level textbook published in partnership with the Center for Languages of the Central Asian Region (CeLCAR), following Pashto, Tajiki, Uzbek, and Uyghur.