"Gulf Arabic" is the term used to refer to a number of related dialects which are spoken along the Gulf shore from northern Kuwait to Oman in the south-eastern corner of the Arabian peninsula. The people who live in this area are linked to each other by trading and seafaring traditions which go back many centuries, as well as by the complex tribal structure of Arabia. With the development of education since the second world war, and increasingly close social, political, and developmental ties between Gulf states, a form of dialectical Arabic has evolved which is not closely associated with any one particular state, and which exhibits features common to them all. It is still unmistakably Gulf' in its basic pronunciation and morphology, as well as in its basic lexical stock, but its syntax and to some extent lexicon have been influenced by standard Arabic and other Arabic dialects. Clive Holes provides an in-depth description of this educated, pan-Gulf dialect.

Presents an illustrated introduction to learn the basics of the Welsh language.

First published in 1989. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Language acquisition is a human endeavor par excellence. As children, all human beings learn to understand and speak at least one language: their mother tongue. It is a process that seems to take place without any obvious effort. Second language learning, particularly among adults, causes more difficulty. The purpose of this series is to compile a collection of high-quality monographs on language acquisition. The series serves the needs of everyone who wants to know more about the problem of language acquisition in general and/or about language acquisition in specific contexts.

Amigos de la comunidad: Curso de aprendizaje-servicio en espanol provides students with a practical guide to effectively complete a service-learning experience within local Spanish-speaking communities. Unit 1 introduces students to service-learning, underscores the importance of learning about the local community, and reviews key concepts regarding the legal system in the United States. Unit 2 equips students with ways to talk effectively about complex topics related to public health, LGBTQ+ and Latinx communities. In Unit 3, students learn how culture can influence what is taught in schools, universal human rights, and how each of us has the power to better our communities. The final chapter guides students through a project that enables them to evaluate what they have learned during their service-learning experience. Each unit features learning objectives, vocabulary, grammar, examples of language variation among Spanish speakers, and writing activities to help students cultivate Spanish language use and enrich their service-learning experience. Amigos de la comunidad is a definitive resource for students pursuing a service-learning experience within Spanish-speaking communities in the United States.

Knowing and understanding verbs is often the key to a language. Concentrate and study on French verbs using this 6 page laminated guide designed for quick access, easy review and focus on what many learners see as their most difficult hurdle. A student reviewing often will boost their grades and if that student is a traveler, the native speakers will appreciate the extra effort to understand and communicate in their language. Suggested uses: o Students a a very lightweight, inexpensive grade-booster that can be slipped between your notebook pages for quick and easy answers o Teachers a Inexpensive classroom tool, whether you have a few for those students struggling or a whole class set that can last your entire career with the durable lamination o Travelers a Being flat, laminated and with conjugations being easy to find, if you have moved beyond one word translations and are striving to speak correctly, this is a great travel buddy

Learn Danish with this complete course, now with free audio download! Danish is a North Germanic language spoken by 6 million people worldwide, primarily in Denmark, Greenland, the Faroe Islands and northern parts of Germany. Ideal for those new to Danish, learning at home or in the classroom, Beginner’s Danish with Online Audio includes: An introductory section on geography, economy, arts, culture and history entitled “Denmark and the Danes� that will be useful to visitors Thirteen carefully-paced units, each one opening with a dialogue about an everyday topic such as greetings, family, athletics, dining, medical issues, holidays and celebrations, followed by vocabulary, grammar lessons, and exercises Answer key to the exercises Danish-English and English-Danish glossaries Online MP3 audio files for free download featuring pronunciation by native speakers

Your first-class ticket to building better Spanish language skills-and appreciating the diversity of Spanish-speaking culture! From the bestselling Read & Think series, this fully illustrated premium fourth edition of Read & Think Spanish brings the Spanish language to life! In addition to introducing, developing, and growing key vocabulary, this book gives you an insider's look at the exciting diversity of life and culture in Latin America, Spanish-speaking U.S. and Spain-from traditional Guatemalan recipes and the benefits of the Mediterranean diet to biographies of luminaries like Rita Moreno to lessons on Argentinian soccer. Including more than 100 engaging articles written by native Spanish speakers, each one provides a bilingual glossary on the same page, allowing you to learn without stopping to look up new or unfamiliar words. Each chapter contains several exercises to reinforce comprehension, and this new premium edition features streaming audio recordings of 50 readings (more than 2 hours), supported by the McGraw-Hill Language Lab app. Read & Think Spanish, Premium Fourth Edition features: * New articles reflecting the current aspects of life in Latin America, Spanish-speaking U.S., and Spain * New and expanded materials in the McGraw-Hill Language Lab app (free online and via mobile) * App includes flashcards of more than 7,000 vocabulary terms * App includes audio recordings of 50 readings (2+ hours)

Now in its second edition, Romanian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to modern Romanian. It takes the student through the essentials of the language, explaining each concept clearly and providing many examples of contemporary Romanian usage. This fully revised second edition contains: * a chapter of each of the most common grammatical areas with Romanian and English examples * extensive examples of the more difficult areas of the grammar * a section with exercises to consolidate the learning and the answer key * a list of useful verbs * an appendix listing useful websites for further information * a glossary of grammatical terms used in the book * a useful bibliographical list. Suitable for both classroom use and independent study, this book is ideal for beginner to intermediate students.

The setting for this play is a Boer potato farm during the apartheid regime. The labourers, including prison workers, rise up against the “Baas” and his induna, an older black man who is in charge of the workforce. The old man’s life changes through what happens as does that of his wife and daughter. The story is told through the conversation of the induna’s wife and the young man who was to have married the daughter. The rebellion on the farm hints at a far larger con flict looming “up north”, as the young man leaves the farm to go and fight for the freedom and dignity of his people. Zakes Mda wrote the play in 1979 when he was in his early twenties.

NihonGO NOW! is a beginning-level courseware package that takes a performed-culture approach to learning Japanese. This innovative approach balances the need for an intellectual understanding of structural elements with multiple opportunities to experience the language within its cultural context. From the outset, learners are presented with samples of authentic language that are context-sensitive and culturally coherent. Instructional time is used primarily to rehearse interactions that learners of Japanese are likely to encounter in the future, whether they involve speaking, listening, writing, or reading. Level 1 comprises two textbooks with accompanying activity books. These four books in combination with audio files allow instructors to adapt a beginning-level course, such as the first year of college Japanese, to their students' needs. They focus on language and modeled behavior, providing opportunities for learners to acquire language through performance templates. Online resources provide additional support for both students and instructors. Audio files, videos, supplementary exercises, and a teachers' manual are available at www.routledge.com/9781138304147. NihonGO NOW! Level 1 Volume 2 Activity Book provides a wealth of communicative exercises and assessment tools for students working through the second semester of the NihonGO NOW! course.

Expository Discourse describes the social science research genre in an entirely original light. The authors present a comprehensive model which characterizes the generic, registerial and discoursal options as they interweave within a text, formulating explicit realization statements that relate the abstract categories of move and act (as described by Swales) to the way these units actually are created by lexical and grammatical choices. The realization networks draw on the work of systemic functional linguists, primarily Halliday, Hasan, Martin, and Ventola.

This write-in workbook is an invaluable resource to help students improve their Maths and English skills and help prepare for Level 1 and Level 2 Functional Skills exams. The real-life questions are all written with a Childcare context to help students find essential Maths and English theory understandable, engaging and achievable. Written by Karen Coombes, lecturer with a wealth of experience in the Childcare industry, this workbook is an effective resource to support Maths and English learning in the classroom, at work and for personal study at home.

* Consideration of spoken and written/informal and formal Brazilian Portuguese to give the student a fuller understanding of the written and spoken language * The grammar reflects the needs of the regular program of beginner/intermediate university level making it easy for language instructors to assign materials * Comparison with English grammar throughout; positive for learners as their explicit grammatical knowledge of English is improved whilst learning Portuguese grammar * Expanded "notes for Spanish speakers" with related exercises, making it easy for those with knowledge of Spanish to build on their existing language skills and avoid common confusions between the two languages.

An unmissable collection of eight unconventional and captivating short stories for young adult and adult intermediate learners of French. Olly's top-notch language-learning insights are right in line with the best of what we know from neuroscience and cognitive psychology about how to learn effectively. I love his work - and you will too! - Barbara Oakley, PhD, Author of New York Times bestseller A Mind for Numbers Short Stories in French for Intermediate Learners has been written especially for students from a low-intermediate to intermediate level, designed to give a sense of achievement, and most importantly - enjoyment! Mapped to B1-B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) for languages, these eight captivating stories will both entertain you and give you a feeling of progress when reading. What does this book give you? * Eight stories in a variety of exciting genres, from science fiction and crime to history and thriller - making reading fun, while you learn a wide range of new vocabulary * Controlled language at your level, to help you progress confidently * Realistic spoken dialogues, to help you learn conversational expressions and improve your speaking ability * Accessible grammar so you learn new structures naturally, in a stress-free way * Beautiful illustrations accompanying each story, to set the scene and support your understanding * Pleasure! Research shows that if you're enjoying reading in a foreign language, you won't experience the usual feelings of frustration - 'It's too hard!' 'I don't understand!' With intriguing plots that will spark your imagination and keep you reading, Short Stories in French for Intermediate Learners will take your grasp of French to the next level with key features to support and consolidate your progress, including: * A glossary for bold-face words in each text * A bilingual word list * Full plot summary * Comprehension questions after each chapter. As a result, you will be able to focus on enjoying reading, delighting in your improved range of vocabulary and grasp of the language, without ever feeling overwhelmed. From science fiction to fantasy, to crime and thrillers, Short Stories in French for Intermediate Learners uses reading as the perfect tool to not only delight in learning French, but to accelerate your journey towards fluency. Use the code inside the book and ebook to access the free bonus story and the discounted audiobook on our Language Readers Library site or on the Language Readers app.

Colloquial Danish provides a step-by-step course in Danish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Danish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: * progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills * structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar * an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises * realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios * useful vocabulary lists throughout the text * additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Danish will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Danish. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

The last thirty years have seen the world transformed according to market models of competition and consumption. These changes have had profound consequences across the professions in areas as diverse as education, healthcare and social services. The Discourse of Commercialization examines what it means for professionals oriented towards service provision to work within this environment. Drawing on a multi-perspectived study of English Language Teaching colleges, the book explores how teaching practices are permeated and challenged by a 'discourse of commercialization' through which market priorities become normative in teachers' professional lives. For anyone who wants to understand and address issues raised by the commercialization of professional practice with a particular focus on education, The Discourse of Commercialization provides an analysis that can inform organizational practice and change.

Learn about Japanese culture while improving your language skills! Japanese Folktales for Language Learners presents 22 traditional stories in parallel Japanese and English versions on facing pages, with detailed notes and exercises aimed at beginning to intermediate learners. This book can be used as a language reader and will be of great interest to anyone wishing to learn more about Japanese culture and folklore. The stories in this collection gradually increase in length and complexity as the book progresses. They include: "The Candy-Buying Ghost" - A female ghost mysteriously buys candy every night from a small village shop, until one night she reveals her true identity and her tragic story. "The Old Man Who Made Trees Blossom" - Regarded as one of the five greatest Japanese folktales, this touching story tells of a kind old man who uses his magical powers for good. "The Abandoned Mother" - An elderly woman is abandoned at the top of a mountain by her own son, a reference to the old practice of senicide in Japan. Vocabulary lists, cultural notes, exercises and discussion questions help to reinforce an understanding of the stories and bolster language skills. Free online recordings of all the stories are provided.

This workbook is intended as a source of supplementary reading and exercise material for courses based on Mastering English. Where appropriate, exercises that inquire into the development framework of Mastering English are provided.

First published in 1971. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.