'Caroline Taggart has carved out a niche for herself in user-friendly, wittily written factual books.' - Yorkshire Post ______________________ In this highly entertaining book, language enthusiast and Sunday Times best-selling author Caroline Taggart browses through thousands of years of history to shed light on why we use the words and phrases we do. Arranged by themes including food, the household, childhood, romance and more, this intriguing book looks at the origins of our language from their historical context. For example, did you know that: If you rest on your laurels, you're imitating a complacent Roman general? If you eavesdrop, you're likely to get wet? If you're taken aback, you should, strictly speaking, be a sailing ship? If you're galvanized into action, you're behaving like Frankenstein's monster? From blue-blooded (an invention of aristocratic Spaniards) to limelight (a way of lighting Victorian theatres), passing an exam with flying colours (another image from sailing ships) to winning hands down (from horse racing), Humble Pie and Cold Turkey will answer questions you may never have thought to ask. Including why turkeys need to be cold and how pies came to be humble.

This collection brings together insights from research and scholars' practical experience on the role of language and language use in teacher practices at the university level in EMI contexts, offering global perspectives across diverse educational settings. The volume considers the language-related practices, processes and ways of thinking implemented in EMI contexts as teachers and students co-construct meaning through interaction while also situating these observations within the wider educational policies of institutions, societal norms and contextual pedagogies. The book highlights both the diversity and commonalities of the challenges and opportunities in enhancing student experience in different EMI contexts, drawing on international perspectives spanning South America, Europe and Asia. In so doing, the volume offers a comprehensive portrait of the current realities of the EMI experience at the university level, empowering stakeholders to critically reflect upon and adapt their classroom strategies to their own realities and chart new directions for research in the field. The book will be of particular interest to scholars interested in issues in English-medium instruction, applied linguistics, language policy and language education, as well as those currently teaching in EMI contexts.

This collection brings together insights from research and scholars' practical experience on the role of language and language use in teacher practices at the university level in EMI contexts, offering global perspectives across diverse educational settings. The volume considers the language-related practices, processes and ways of thinking implemented in EMI contexts as teachers and students co-construct meaning through interaction while also situating these observations within the wider educational policies of institutions, societal norms and contextual pedagogies. The book highlights both the diversity and commonalities of the challenges and opportunities in enhancing student experience in different EMI contexts, drawing on international perspectives spanning South America, Europe and Asia. In so doing, the volume offers a comprehensive portrait of the current realities of the EMI experience at the university level, empowering stakeholders to critically reflect upon and adapt their classroom strategies to their own realities and chart new directions for research in the field. The book will be of particular interest to scholars interested in issues in English-medium instruction, applied linguistics, language policy and language education, as well as those currently teaching in EMI contexts.

From New York Times bestselling author and creator of the top ranked Grammar Girl podcast, Mignon Fogarty, comes her bestselling Grammar Girl Presents the Ultimate Writing Guide for Students. With 100,000 copies sold, this is a complete and comprehensive guide to all things grammar from Grammar Girl whose popular podcast, Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, has been downloaded over eighty million times. For beginners to more advanced students, this guide covers it all: the parts of speech, sentences, and punctuation are all explained clearly and concisely in Grammar Girl's humorous and accessible style. Pop quizzes are scattered throughout to reinforce the explanations, as well as Grammar Girl's trademark Quick and Dirty Tips--easy and fun memory tricks to help with those challenging rules. Complete with a writing style guide chapter, this guide is sure to become the one-stop, essential book on every student's desk.

This collection brings together research on learning-oriented language assessment from scholars working across geographic and educational contexts, highlighting the opportunities of assessment practices which seek to better align assessment and learning tasks and support effective learning. The volume begins by introducing learning-oriented assessment (LOA) and the context around its growing popularity, especially in accountability-oriented settings which favor summative large-scale tests. The first part of the book charts the development of LOA's theoretical and conceptual underpinnings, outlining the ways in which they have been informed by theories of learning and key elements. The second part demonstrates LOA in practice, drawing on examples from different countries and instructional settings to explore such topics as the role of technology in LOA and developing feedback materials based around LOA principles and developed for core literacy skills. Offering a holistic view of learning-oriented assessment and the real-world affordances and challenges of its implementation, this book is key reading for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in language testing and assessment, TESOL, and language education.

This Italian reference grammar provides students, teachers and others interested in the Italian language with a comprehensive, accessible and jargon-free guide to the forms and structure of Italian. Whatever their level of knowledge of the language, learners of Italian will find this book indispensable: it gives clear and detailed explanations of everything from the most elementary facts such as the relation between spelling and pronunciation, or the forms of the article, to more advanced points such as the various nuances of the subjunctive. Formal or archaic discourse is distinguished from informal, everyday usage, and regionalisms are also indicated where appropriate. The authors have taken care to make it an easy and illuminating reference tool: extensive cross-referencing enables readers to quickly find the information they require, and also stimulates them to discover new, related facts.

Modern Written Arabic: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to Arabic grammar. The Grammar presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in contemporary written Arabic. Data is taken from actual written Arabic, both literary and non-literary, observed or published since 1990. Sources range from street signs to high literature. This comprehensive work is an invaluable resource for anyone at the intermediate to advanced level, from students through to teachers and linguists. It is ideal for use in colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Arabic grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. Features include: detailed treatment of the common grammatical structures and parts of speech extensive exemplification particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty Arabic-English parallels highlighted throughout the book an extensive index and numbered paragraphs for ease-of-reference Elsaid Badawi was Professor of Arabic Language and Linguistics at the American University in Cairo. Michael G. Carter is Honorary Professor at Sydney University. Adrian Gully is an Independent Professional Interpreter and Translator. Maher Awad is Senior Lecturer of Arabic at Rice University.

Colloquial Panjabi: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Panjabi as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Panjabi in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Panjabi is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Panjabi-speaking areas. An overview of the sounds of Panjabi Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Panjabi is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Panjabi. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills. A wealth of additional text material is also provided on the website. This supplementary material builds on the foundation provided in the Colloquial Panjabi course and will develop your language skills beyond the beginner level into intermediate study.

This collection showcases the latest innovations in research on the application of corpora and corpus-based methods in ESP/EAP writing instruction and the many ways in which corpora can be successfully and practically integrated in ESP/EAP programmes. While previous work has discussed the successful use of corpora in teaching writing in the areas of ESP/EAP, this book is the first of its kind to bring the most up-to-date research on the topic together in one place. The volume's unique structure mirrors the key stages of the writing instruction process, from preparation to exploitation to analysis. The book begins by showing how corpora can be used to prepare materials, moving into an exploration of how students in ESP/EAP programmes use corpora in practice, before bringing the discussion full circle to the ways in which corpus-based approaches might be implemented to analyse ESP/EAP student writing. This approach presents readers with insights into how corpora can be effectively integrated into ESP/EAP writing instruction at every step of the process and opens the way for future areas of study. This book will be of particular interest to students and researchers in applied corpus linguistics, English for Specific Purposes, and English for Academic Purposes, as well as active practitioners in ESP/EAP writing instruction.

Get It Right: Boost Your Vocabulary is a series of practical, write-in workbooks that are designed to expand students' vocabulary and address the word gap. The series includes carefully selected, aspirational words drawn from the Oxford Children's Corpus, focusing on vocabulary that will help students to access more challenging texts, as well as higher-level words that will empower them to use more sophisticated vocabulary in their own writing. Informed by findings from the Oxford Language Report, Get It Right: Boost Your Vocabulary Workbook 1 builds students' tier 2 vocabulary through a range of levelled comprehension and contextual activities, alongside a selection of engaging fiction and non-fiction extracts. Answers to all activities are provided on the Oxford University Press website.

Modern Italian Grammar Workbook, Second Edition is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Italian, which can be used independently or alongside Modern Italian Grammar, Second Edition also published by Routledge. Divided into three sections, this highly useful text: includes exercises based on essential grammatical structures; practises everyday functions such as making introductions and expressing needs; presents realistic role plays in short scenes, set in a range of different contexts. Implementing feedback from its predecessor, this updated second edition now features: exercises graded on a three-point scale according to their level of difficulty; cross-referencing to the Modern Italian Grammar, Second Edition for each and every exercise; topical activities to develop vocabulary. Also containing a comprehensive answer key at the back of the book for checking progress, Modern Italian Grammar Workbook, Second Edition is a complete reference work suitable for both class-use and self-study.

This second edition of Georgian: A Learner's Grammar is a completely revised and updated guide to the fascinating and most widely spoken language of the Caucasus.

Presenting the language in the form of dialogues and reading passages, full attention is given to script reproduction and recognition, pronunciation, lexis and individual points of grammar.

Key features include:

* highlighting of verbal roots throughout
* new and varied exercises for practice of verb forms
* use of the new Georgian currency
* examples of Georgian literature, both poetry and prose, and each with its own self-contained vocabulary * a reference section providing an answer key, a Georgian-English glossary and an index of grammatical terms.

With a varied and extensive range of exercise work, this new edition provides a comprehensive and carefully graded grammar of Georgian that has been successful over a number of years of use in the classroom.

Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Turkish grammar. Concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Turkish, it presents a detailed and systematic description of the structure of language at every level - sounds, words and sentences - and will remain the standard reference work for years to come.

Drawing upon a rapidly growing body of scholarly research on Turkish, this well-presented Grammar is a stimulating and up-to-date analysis of the complexities of the language, with full and clear explanations and examples throughout. A detailed index and extensive cross-referencing between numbered subsections also provides readers with easy access to the information they require.

Features include:

• detailed treatment of common grammatical structures and parts of speech
• extensive use of examples, all with English translations
• particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty
• comprehensive glossary of all grammatical terms.

The Grammar is an essential reference source for intermediate and advanced learners and users of Turkish. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.

Now in its second edition, Romanian: An Essential Grammar is a concise, user-friendly guide to modern Romanian. It takes the student through the essentials of the language, explaining each concept clearly and providing many examples of contemporary Romanian usage. This fully revised second edition contains: * a chapter of each of the most common grammatical areas with Romanian and English examples * extensive examples of the more difficult areas of the grammar * a section with exercises to consolidate the learning and the answer key * a list of useful verbs * an appendix listing useful websites for further information * a glossary of grammatical terms used in the book * a useful bibliographical list. Suitable for both classroom use and independent study, this book is ideal for beginner to intermediate students.

Modern French Grammar Workbook, second edition, is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of French. The book is divided into two sections:
* section 1 provides exercises based on essential grammatical structures
* section 2 practises everyday functions (e.g. making introductions, apologizing, expressing needs).
A comprehensive answer key at the back of the book enables you to check your progress. Taking into account feedback from the first edition, this second edition now features:
* exercises graded on a 3-point scale according to their level of difficulty
* cross-referencing to the Modern French Grammar, Second Edition, for each and every exercise
* topical exercises that develop vocabulary.
Modern French Grammar Workbook is ideal for all learners of French: beginners, intermediate and advanced students. It can be used both independently and alongside the Modern French Grammar (ISBN 0-415-33162-5).

Basic Arabic: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar with related exercises in a single volume. This book presents 51 units, covering the key grammar points which students would expect to encounter in their first year of learning Arabic. Examples and exercises are provided throughout, allowing students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. Key features include: Clear, accessible format Many useful language examples Jargon-free explanations of grammar Abundant exercises with full answer key Subject index Clearly presented and user-friendly, Basic Arabic is an ideal grammar reference and practice resource for both beginners and students with some knowledge of the language. It is suitable for both class use and independent study.

Fundamentals of Arabic Grammar provides an authoritative guide to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) grammar. It has been organised to promote a thorough understanding of MSA grammar and presents its complexities in a cohesive and user-friendly format, filling many gaps left by other textbooks. Explanations are clear, full and accessible and extensive cross-referencing, two generous indices and six appendices provide users with easy access to the information they require. No prior knowledge of linguistic terminology is required. Features include: Expert treatment of a full range of grammar topics and structures, including the case system, Idhaafa, the equational sentence, quantifiers and the vocative, generously spread across thirty eight chapters Special attention to parts of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs and propositions, given at the beginning of the book to acquaint students with the basic units of Arabic and provide a solid foundation for further learning A wide range of contemporary examples drawn from real life to provide solid context to grammar points, further supported by word glosses and idiomatic translations of sentences Grammatical terms given in both Arabic and English A wide variety of supplementary learning resources such as practice sheets, exercises and verb tables available for free download at http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415710046/ Substantial bibliography incorporating primary Arabic grammar sources in addition to secondary sources in Arabic and in English Fundamentals of Arabic Grammar has been field tested over a number of years and has been written by a highly experienced teacher of Arabic. It will be an essential resource for students and teachers of Arabic at all university levels and is suitable for use both as a companion reference text in Arabic language courses and as a standalone text in independent grammar classes.

Part II covers an introduction to the imperative mood; other important noun and pronoun declensions; having done something used with prefixes; the past passive participle; the conjugation of the middle voice and the verb tobe in present, future and past tenses

Series Information:
Modern Grammars

Now in its second edition, The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French reveals the hidden cultural dimension of contemporary French, as used in the press, going beyond the limited and purely lexical approach of traditional bilingual dictionaries. Even foreign learners of French who possess a good level of French often have difficulty in fully understanding French articles, not because of any linguistic shortcomings on their part but because of their inadequate knowledge of the cultural references. This cultural dictionary of French provides the reader with clear and concise explanations of the crucial cultural dimension behind the most frequently used words and phrases found in the contemporary French press. This vital background information, gathered here in this innovative and entertaining dictionary, will allow readers to go beyond a superficial understanding of the French press and the French language in general to see the hidden yet implied cultural significance that is so transparent to the native speaker. This fully revised second edition includes: a broad range of cultural references from the historical and literary to the popular and classical; an enhanced analysis of punning mechanisms used in the press; over 3,000 cultural references explained with updated examples; a three-level indicator of frequency; new and expanded chapters on the French of Quebec, institutional and academic references, and English borrowings in the areas of IT and medical science; over 600 online questions to test knowledge before and after reading. The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French is the ideal reference for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of French seeking to enhance their understanding of the French language. It will also be of interest to teachers, translators and Francophiles alike. French students in khagne, Sciences-Po and schools of journalism will also find this book valuable and relevant for their studies. Test questions and solutions are available at www.routledge.com/9780367376758, in addition to three online chapters. These bonus chapters explore figurative expressions involving the names of animals, the language of the law and slang terms.

The setting for this play is a Boer potato farm during the apartheid regime. The labourers, including prison workers, rise up against the “Baas” and his induna, an older black man who is in charge of the workforce. The old man’s life changes through what happens as does that of his wife and daughter. The story is told through the conversation of the induna’s wife and the young man who was to have married the daughter. The rebellion on the farm hints at a far larger con flict looming “up north”, as the young man leaves the farm to go and fight for the freedom and dignity of his people. Zakes Mda wrote the play in 1979 when he was in his early twenties.