Choosing appropriate words to express an idea is important to improve students' reading comprehension and writing composition skills. Vocabulary Ladders: Understanding Words Nuances provides fifth grade students with fun and engaging vocabulary activities to support word knowledge within reading and writing skills. This resource provides a framework to teach related words using a cluster approach that helps students learn many semantically related words at once. With this series, students will discuss differences between themed words, order words and explain their thinking, use words in context, and use words in writing.

Norme vir Afrikaans (nou reeds in 'n sesde uitgawe) het sedert 1989 bewys gelewer dat dit 'n besonder effektiewe bron is vir gebruik in taalkundeklaskamers van tersiere instellings en selfs in skole. Die boek is aan die een kant 'n praktiese naslaanbron wat as basis vir eie taalontwikkeling kan dien. Aan ander kant word in die aanpak probeer om taalteorie en taalpraktyk te versoen. Dat die outeur hierin geslaag het, is bewys deur die gereelde bywerk van die boek en die wye gebruik daarvan. In die besonder fokus die boek op die verskeidenheid "norme" wat 'n mens in gedagte moet hou by die praktiese gebruik van Afrikaans, onder meer die beginsels onderliggend aan hierdie norme, en dan ook die identifisering van belangrike en nuttige bronne van taaladvies oor problematiese taalsake. Die doel van die boek is nie om streng "normatief" te probeer voorskryf nie, maar eerder om leiding te gee in die hantering van praktiese taalkwessies met as vertrekpunt gefundeerde taalteoretiese kennis oor die Afrikaanse taalkunde. Die boek is nou al deeglik gevestig as 'n omvattende en uiters bruikbare hulpmiddel vir sowel student as dosent en is die vrug van die outeur se jarelange ondervinding as taaldosent en navorser. Daar word ook rekening gehou met die geleidelike herstandaardisering van Afrikaans, vandaar die nuwe subtitel "Moderne Standaardafrikaans", wat 'n aanduiding is dat Afrikaans in die proses is om te moderniseer vir 'n nuwe geslag gebruikers. Die riglyne van die elfde uitgawe van die Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreels (AWS) (2017) is volledig in hierdie uitgawe verreken.

This book does not include any audio files. If you are learning independently (and not in the classroom, with teacher support) we recommend you purchase the book and CD bundle instead, ISBN 9781406678987. This book-only product is aimed at learners in a course setting, where the teacher uses audio files as part of the lesson. Talk German 1 (Book) has already inspired thousands of people to learn German from scratch - whether you're learning for business, travel or just for fun, its straightforward, step-by-step approach will ensure you're soon able to speak German in a range of everyday situations. With specially designed activities and clear, jargon-free grammar explanations you'll quickly develop your language skills and make genuine progress right from the start. * Make real progress using the successful, proven Talk method. * Develop your language skills with tips and strategies to help you learn. * Practise and learn with interactive activities to support every topic. Also available: Talk German 1 Pack (includes this book and 2 x 60-minute CDs) ISBN 9781406678987. Other languages in the series: Arabic, French, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Mandarin Chinese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. www.bbcactivelanguages.com

"Talk Nigeria" was created to help those that often travel to and from Nigeria and would like a more efficient way of communicating with the majority of Nigerians. This handbook will enable foreign-born Nigerians and their families to teach their native language to their children. "Talk Nigeria" makes it possible for them to not only learn the languages, but also to assist them with phonetic pronunciation of the words in their native languages. This is not just another boring language guide that is only based upon endless repetitions of language drills. It is a handbook that promotes quick and effective communication with Nigerians in the three major languages. It includes easy-to-read translations from English into the three main languages spoken in Nigeria-Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa, all translations include the phonetic pronunciation for each word and phrase; translations for greetings, everyday phrases, and a reference dictionary. An innovative way to learn to speak a very common African language, this handbook is an indispensable guide to speaking the Nigerian languages correctly and effectively.

Your one-stop guide to mastering the basics of Spanish . .

Can one book have all you need to communicate confidently in a new language? Yes, and that book is "Spanish Verbs And Essentials of Grammar," It offers a solid foundation of major verbal and grammatical concepts of the language, from pronouns to idioms and expressions and from irregular verbs to expressions of time..

Each unit is devoted to one topic, so you can find what you need right away and get focused instruction immediately. Concise yet thorough, the explanations are supported by numerous examples to help you master the different concepts. And for those tricky verbs, "Spanish Verbs And Essentials of Grammar" includes a Verb Index of the most common verbs, cross-referenced with the abundant verb tables appearing throughout the book..

This book will give you: . An excellent introduction to the basics of Spanish if you are a beginner or a quick, thorough reference if you already have experience in the language. Contemporary usage of verbs, adjectives, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and other grammar essentials. Examples that reflect contemporary usage and real-life situations.

The American Library Association presents an award-winning must-read book for every week of the year in this beautiful reading log. Calling all book lovers! Expand your reading list with a one-year reading challenge from the American Library Association (ALA). Including the ALA's insights into each title, notes on the awards they've won, and prompts for further reflection, this journal is a must-have for all bibliophiles and library regulars. Includes:52 Award-Winning book recommendations to keep you reading all yearRoom to reflect on each book as you complete the challengePages for your personal reading log, perfect for sharing on social media

In fifty lessons, the authors examine both structural patterns and morphological features characteristic of Mandarin Chinese. The book describes cultural idiosyncrasies in language use as well as gives discoursal strategies for forming sustained conversations.

Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. The book introduces German people and culture through the medium of the language used today, covering the core material which students would expect to encounter in their first years of learning German. Each of the 29 units presents one or more related grammar topics, illustrated by examples which serve as models for the exercises that follow. These wide-ranging and varied exercises enable the student to master each grammar point thoroughly. Features include: * Clear grammatical explanations with examples in both English and German * Authentic language samples from a range of media * Checklists at the end of each unit to reinforce key points * Cross-referencing to other grammar chapters * Full exercise answer key * 'Did you know?' sections with extra learning tips on specific grammar points and insights into current usage of German * Glossary of grammatical terms The new edition has been thoroughly revised, including more varied exercises for practice, and grammar points have been reformulated to use a more learner-centred approach. Suitable for independent study and for class use, Basic German: A Grammar and Workbook is the ideal reference and practice book for beginners, as well as for students with some knowledge of the language.

He's as independent as a hog on ice!

Where did expressions like this come from anyway?

Now finally we'll know what "letting the cat out of the bag" or "going on a wild-goose chase" refers to. In this fun collection of more than 400 curious expressions and sayings, Dr. Funk explains the meanings that we use in everyday speech without even thinking about it. He has traced them back through the years -- in some cases centuries -- in an effort to determine their sources, to find out what the original allusions were, or at the very least, to give us his expert opinion when facts cannot be traced.

This Italian reference grammar provides students, teachers and others interested in the Italian language with a comprehensive, accessible and jargon-free guide to the forms and structure of Italian. Whatever their level of knowledge of the language, learners of Italian will find this book indispensable: it gives clear and detailed explanations of everything from the most elementary facts such as the relation between spelling and pronunciation, or the forms of the article, to more advanced points such as the various nuances of the subjunctive. Formal or archaic discourse is distinguished from informal, everyday usage, and regionalisms are also indicated where appropriate. The authors have taken care to make it an easy and illuminating reference tool: extensive cross-referencing enables readers to quickly find the information they require, and also stimulates them to discover new, related facts.

The minimalist notion of a phase has often been investigated with a view to the interfaces. 'Phases' provides a strictly syntax-internal perspective. If phases are fundamental, they should provide the grounds for a unifying treatment of different syntactic phenomena. Concentrating on displacement, the book argues that this expectation is borne out: there is an empirical clustering of properties, whereby the phrases that undergo pied-piping are also the phrases that host intermediate traces of cyclic movement. The same phrases also host partial and secondary movement. Finally, the immediate complements within these phrases never strand the embedding heads. The phrases that show this behaviour are the phases (CP, vP, DP, and PP). To account for the cluster of properties, phases are claimed to have two special properties: their complement is inaccessible to operations outside, the Phase Impenetrability Condition; their heads may be endowed with unvalued features that are neither connected to the categorical status of the phase nor interpreted on it. It is shown how the cluster of empirical properties flows naturally from these two assumptions, supporting the idea that phases are indeed a fundamental construct in syntax.

What's the best way to learn a new language? By approaching it not as a series of facts to memorize but as something alive, with a personality you can get to know and tendencies you can sometimes predict. Designed for long-term retention, Learning Biblical Hebrew focuses on helping students understand how the language works and providing a solid grounding in Hebrew through extensive reading in the biblical text. Introduces advanced concepts in a form accessible to beginning students. Focuses on historic patterns and changes that minimize memorization. Focuses on how the language works for long--term retention. Encourages mastery of paradigms from a handful of representative forms. Includes extensive translation from the third week of class. Prepares students for translation of unedited biblical texts by the end of first semester. Emphasizes reading comprehension rather than decoding. Promotes a strong oral component to enhance language competence. Written for first-year and second-year Hebrew students, this grammar is laid out to present comprehensive concepts to first-year students and then to aid in review and deeper understanding for second-year students. Though written for Hebrew competency, Learning Biblical Hebrew is well suited for students with different learning styles and objectives.

Colloquial Gujarati provides a step-by-step course in Gujarati as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Gujarati in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: * progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills * structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar * an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises * realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios * useful vocabulary lists throughout the text * additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Gujarati will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Gujarati. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Colloquial Yoruba: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Yoruba as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Yoruba in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Yoruba is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Nigeria An overview of the sounds of Yoruba Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Yoruba is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Yoruba. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Intensive Intermediate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible grammar and related exercises in a single volume. It outlines every major grammatical point usually taught in an intermediate college Latin course, as well as other grammatical topics which may be introduced in the first semester of reading prose or poetry. Features include: Careful management and repetition of vocabulary used to encourage sole focus on the grammar A variety of exercises to enable students to recognize and isolate the grammatical structures in English, helping them to translate into Latin with greater ease Frequent Latin to English and full English to Latin translations Exercises requiring students to modify aspects of Latin sentences in order to enable improved grammar acquisition Written by an experienced instructor, Intensive Intermadiate Latin: A Grammar and Workbook is an ideal resource for students who want to build on their foundations of Latin. The title can be used as a textbook, grammar reference and practice resource for students and independent learners with some knowledge of the language. Intensive Intermediate Latin, with its sister volume Basic Latin, forms a compendium of essentials of Latin grammar.

Colloquials are now supported by FREE AUDIO available online. All audio tracks referenced within the text are free to stream or download from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio complements the book and will help enhance learners' listening and speaking skills. Colloquial Yiddish provides a step-by-step course in Yiddish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Yiddish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. This edition features: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Yiddish will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Yiddish.

This new edition of Colloquial Estonian is easy to use and completely up-to-date. Specially written by an experienced teacher for self-study or class use, the course offers you a step-by-step approach to written and spoken Estonian. No prior knowledge of the language is required. What makes Colloquial Estonian your best choice in personal language learning? interactive - lots of dialogues and exercises for regular practice clear - concise grammar notes practical - useful vocabulary and pronunciation guide complete - including answer key and special reference section. By the end of this rewarding course you will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in Estonian in a broad range of everyday situations. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download freely in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Knowing and understanding verbs is often the key to a language. Concentrate and study on French verbs using this 6 page laminated guide designed for quick access, easy review and focus on what many learners see as their most difficult hurdle. A student reviewing often will boost their grades and if that student is a traveler, the native speakers will appreciate the extra effort to understand and communicate in their language. Suggested uses: o Students a a very lightweight, inexpensive grade-booster that can be slipped between your notebook pages for quick and easy answers o Teachers a Inexpensive classroom tool, whether you have a few for those students struggling or a whole class set that can last your entire career with the durable lamination o Travelers a Being flat, laminated and with conjugations being easy to find, if you have moved beyond one word translations and are striving to speak correctly, this is a great travel buddy

Colloquial Urdu provides a step-by-step course in Urdu as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Urdu in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues. This second edition has been extensively updated and revised throughout, with particular attention to the Urdu script - coverage is now integrated throughout the book and the script font has been enlarged and improved. Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Urdu will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and for students taking courses in Urdu. By the end of this course, you will be at Level B2 of the Common European Framework for Languages and at the Intermediate-High on the ACTFL proficiency scales. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Colloquial Welsh provides a step-by-step course in Welsh as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Welsh in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: * progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills * structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar * an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises * realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios * useful vocabulary lists throughout the text * additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Welsh will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Welsh. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Colloquial Breton: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Breton as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Breton in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Breton is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points An overview of the sounds of Breton Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Breton is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Breton. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.

Colloquial Spanish: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Spanish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Spanish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Spanish is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in Spain An overview of the sounds of Spanish Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Spanish is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Spanish. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.