• This state-of-the-art text reviews, evaluates, and reflects on L2 development across the lifespan as a complex variable that is both socio-cultural as well as maturational in nature – with a chronological chapter lineup from infant bilinguals to L2 learners in adolescence, adulthood, and older age. • Offers in-depth discussion of highly pertinent yet underresearched topics, like L2 learners in older individuals, as well as an innovative chapter on L2 learning in the context of cross-cultural/binational/plurilingual romantic relationships, in both cases with diverse circumstances, motivations, and outcomes. • The first book taking on this area in its fullness and in a way accessible to students and non-specialist – with a concerted, authored text. Previous works are focused on one age cohort, edited volumes rather than unified authored books, and the most closely competing books were published over a decade (and sometimes over three decades) ago.

This is a book for the Single Market Economy (SEM) and for the real estate professionals operating within it. With the rapidly increasing harmonization within Europe there is a need for the development of expertise in the handling of different national systems and the non-tariff barriers they present. This guide is designed to help professionals to develop this expertise. It offers more than a dictionary of specialist and technical terminology; there is a supplementary section giving longer translations of particularly tricky terms where more detailed information is needed. There are also sections on the real estate and planning systems in the different European countries, government and planning hierarchies and real estate associations throughout Europe. None of these are intended to be definitive guides, but simply highlight the key questions the real estate professional needs to be aware of and goes on to provide sources for further reading.

Thriving as a Graduate Writer offers a comprehensive guide to the multifaceted challenges of writing in graduate school. It shows readers how to think about academic writing, how to manage an academic text, and how to establish an effective writing practice. Graduate students from all disciplines will find concrete strategies and motivation for the enterprise of academic writing. Intended for both multilingual writers and those for whom English is a first language, Thriving as a Graduate Writer offers essential writing support in quick, easily digestible chunks. Readers of Thriving as a Graduate Writer will: - Learn how to establish an effective writing practice - Discover how to position themselves as competent and engaged writers - Learn how to structure their writing, craft effective sentences, and create movement with a text - Develop processes for draft revisions - Create individual writing strategies that will last throughout their careers

Expand your Spanish verb mastery with the best review and practice workbook for beginning to intermediate learners-now with extensive support from the McGraw Hill Language Lab app! Confident use of verbs is an essential foundation for learning Spanish-and also one of the most difficult to master. Spanish Verb Drills helps you overcome these obstacles, and lays the foundation with clear explanations and rigorous practice. Written with beginning and intermediate-level learners in mind, it provides numerous examples that demonstrate how the Spanish verb system works, along with review and mastery exercises to reinforce learning. With extensive support from the McGraw Hill Language Lab app, you can also access flashcards, an auto-fill glossary, and a variety of exercises to get you up to speed with valuable immediate feedback. Boost your mastery of the Spanish language with Spanish Verb Drills, Premium Sixth Edition: Drills format helps you to focus on verbs without distractions of other kinds of grammar Clear explanations of conjugations, followed by practice exercises to "drill down" what you've learned New: Streaming audio recordings of verb conjugations and answers to numerous exercises in the book Bonus flashcards, auto-fill glossary, and interactive exercises helps you gauge what you've learned

Modern Chinese for Heritage Beginners aims to serve as a stepping-stone for Chinese heritage language learners' future Chinese learning, inspiring them to reflect on their identities, learn Chinese American history, and embrace their cultural heritage. The book starts with talking about individuals and families and then expands to the Chinese and Asian American communities in the U.S. and eventually to the entire American society, all from the unique perspective of Chinese American students. Taking a macro approach (Kagan & Dillon, 2008) that builds learners' literacy skills on their initial abilities in speaking and listening, each lesson starts with listening and speaking activities and then moves to reading and writing. The content complexity and language difficulty are balanced to present rich content that matches students' critical thinking abilities in a language appropriate for their literacy level. Lively and humorous language makes the book a joy to read. Each lesson has a conversation and an essay to expose students to informal and formal registers. Moreover, authentic tasks are designed to facilitate students' language output, following the three modes of communication promoted by the American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages: interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational. This theme-based Chinese textbook is written for high school and college-level Chinese heritage language learners.

* The first book to be devoted exclusively to understanding and mastering this challenging area of Portuguese grammar. * Ideal for Intermediate to Advanced learners of European or Brazilian Portuguese who wish to master the use of the subjunctive. * Clearly structured to guide students through the six subjunctive modes through clear and accurate explanations with a range of exercises to test and consolidate learning

A handy cheat sheet of key Japanese grammar in a at-a-glance, easy-to-carry format! The Japanese Grammar Language Study Card is the perfect resource for reviewing the main grammar that frequently appears in the N5 or N4 Level Japanese Language Proficiency Exam or the AP Exam. The compact, portable format is invaluable for anyone wanting to quickly review or expand their knowledge of everyday Japanese sentence and verb forms. This study card includes: Overview of basic sentence structure Key verb forms including plain and polite forms How to use sentence particles correctly How to make questions How to use pronouns The grammar points are clearly organized into color-coded sections. Each section has a concise explanation in English followed by examples given in Japanese script and romanized Japanese with English translation. Free online audio recordings by native speakers provide clear and accurate pronunciations for all the Japanese words and sentences, and Hiragana and Katakana alphabet charts are also included! Designed for convenience, this study card is: Laminated: to hold up over time and avoid being ruined by coffee spills 3 hole punched: giving the option to put it in a binder 8.5x11 inches: to easily fit into a folder or notebook alongside other study materials

This book sets out to integrate recent exciting research on the precursors of reading and early reading strategies adopted by children in the classroom. It aims to develop a theory about why early phonological skills are crucial in learning to read, and shows how phonological knowledge about rhymes and other units of sound helps children learn about letter sequences when beginning to be taught to read.

The authors begin by contrasting theories which suggest that children's phonological awareness is a result of the experience of learning to read and those that suggest that phonological awareness precedes, and is a causal determinant of, reading. The authors argue for a version of the second kind of theory and show that children are aware of speech units, called onset and rime, before they learn to read and spell. An important part of the argument is that children make analogies and inferences about these letter sequences in order to read and write new words.

Donalyn Miller says she has yet to meet a child she couldn't turn into a reader. No matter how far behind Miller's students might be when they reach her 6th grade classroom, they end up reading an average of 40 to 50 books a year. Miller's unconventional approach dispenses with drills and worksheets that make reading a chore. Instead, she helps students navigate the world of literature and gives them time to read books they pick out themselves. Her love of books and teaching is both infectious and inspiring. The book includes a dynamite list of recommended "kid lit" that helps parents and teachers find the books that students really like to read.

Fundamental Considerations in Technology Mediated Language Assessment aims to address issues such as how the forced integration of technology into second language assessment has shaped our understanding of key traditional concepts like validity, reliability, washback, authenticity, ethics, fairness, test security, and more. Although computer assisted language testing has been around for more than two decades in the context of high-stakes proficiency testing, much of language testing worldwide has shifted to 'at home' mode, and relies heavily on the mediation of digital technology, making its widespread application in classroom settings in response to the COVID-19 outbreak as unprecedented. Integration of technology into language assessment has brought with it countless affordances and at the same time challenges, both theoretically and practically. One major theoretical consideration requiring attention is the way technology has contributed to a re-conceptualisation of major assessment concepts/constructs. There is very limited literature available on theoretical underpinnings of technology mediated language assessment. This book aims to fill this gap. This book will appeal to academic specialists, practitioners or professionals in the field of language assessment, advanced and/or graduate students, and a range of scholars or professionals in disciplines like educational technology, applied linguistics and TESOL.

Modern Chinese for Heritage Beginners aims to serve as a stepping-stone for Chinese heritage language learners' future Chinese learning, inspiring them to reflect on their identities, learn Chinese American history, and embrace their cultural heritage. The book starts with talking about individuals and families and then expands to the Chinese and Asian American communities in the U.S. and eventually to the entire American society, all from the unique perspective of Chinese American students. Taking a macro approach (Kagan & Dillon, 2008) that builds learners' literacy skills on their initial abilities in speaking and listening, each lesson starts with listening and speaking activities and then moves to reading and writing. The content complexity and language difficulty are balanced to present rich content that matches students' critical thinking abilities in a language appropriate for their literacy level. Lively and humorous language makes the book a joy to read. Each lesson has a conversation and an essay to expose students to informal and formal registers. Moreover, authentic tasks are designed to facilitate students' language output, following the three modes of communication promoted by the American Council on Teaching Foreign Languages: interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational. This theme-based Chinese textbook is written for high school and college-level Chinese heritage language learners.

This comprehensive and contemporary two-way dictionary is ideal for Dutch language learners and users at all levels. Key features of the dictionary include: * Over 33,000 Dutch entries * The use of colloquial and idiomatic language * Useful contextual information within glosses * Phonetic transcription for all Dutch headwords, aiding pronunciation * Gender markers for all Dutch nouns * Appendix of Dutch irregular verbs * A clear layout and format for easy referencing This third edition has been systematically revised and updated throughout to provide: * 2,000 new headwords and definitions, supported by 4,500 translations and helpful pronunciation aid * Expanded and updated information for a number of the previously existing headwords, including the addition of 2,200 new examples

- The novel on which the book is based is important not only in modern Arabic literature but also in world literature. - The novel includes a wealth of literary, cultural, political, historical, and religious topics relevant to students of Arabic and Arab history and culture. - The book includes a variety of activities which use the events, language, and characters of the novel as a starting point for classroom discussions. - There is a number of high-quality online audio recordings of the text of the novel by native speakers, which learners can listen to in order to improve their own pronunciation. - The textbook is based on one coherent, complete volume whose original language has been left intact, so that students have direct experience with a masterpiece of modern Arabic literature in its original form. - The textbook is designed to be appealing to students who major or minor in various disciplines, including Middle Eastern studies, Arabic literature, comparative literature, political science, and religion. - There is a large amount of published literature on Mawsim al-Hijra ilaa al-Shamaal which can be used to supplement classroom activities and final projects.

The chapters in this new book span the range of reading processes from early visual analysis to semantic influences on word identification, thus providing a state-of-the-art summary of current work and offering important contributions to prospective reading research.
"Basic Processes in Reading" examines both future plans and past accomplishments in the world of word identification research. Three chapters provide a futuristic view taking a parallel distributed processing approach to semantic priming, phonology, and the identification of old words and the learning of new words. Reviews on eye movements in reading and semantic priming on word identification provide a retrospective summary of work on these issues as well as solid pointers for future investigations.
Other chapters provide new demonstrations of the importance of phonological contributions to word identification, of interactive processes in the identification of handwritten words, and a re-evaluation ofthe processes involved in the neuropsychological syndrome described as "letter-by-letter" reading.

This grammar provides a clear and comprehensive overview of contemporary West Greenlandic. It follows a systematic order of topics beginning with the alphabet and phonology, continuing with nominal and verbal morphology and syntax, and concluding with more advanced topics such as complex sentences and word formation. Grammatical points are illustrated with authentic examples reflecting current life in Greenland. Grammatical terminology is explained fully for the benefit of readers without a background in linguistics. Features include: Full grammatical breakdowns of all examples for ease of identifying individual components of complex words. A detailed contents list and index for easy access to information. An alphabetical list of the most commonly used West Greenlandic suffixes. A glossary of grammatical abbreviations used in the volume. The book is suitable for a wide range of users, including independent and classroom-based learners of West Greenlandic, as well as linguists and anyone with an interest in Greenland's official language.

Upgrade Your French is the ideal guide for students looking to improve their written French rapidly. It offers a complete revision programme to improve your skills, focusing on three key strategies for improving your written French: Eliminating common errors Increasing and consolidating vocabulary Using a wider range of expression and sentence structure This third edition includes enhanced coverage of the subjunctive and a new section on prepositions, new revision exercises at the end of each grammar and vocabulary unit (including translation sentences), and a companion website with further practice exercises for each chapter. This is the ideal book for all intermediate students looking for a simple way to improve their French fast.

Student activities provide practice in vocabulary, language, grammar, reading, and fluency.

"Gulf Arabic" is the term used to refer to a number of related dialects which are spoken along the Gulf shore from northern Kuwait to Oman in the south-eastern corner of the Arabian peninsula. The people who live in this area are linked to each other by trading and seafaring traditions which go back many centuries, as well as by the complex tribal structure of Arabia. With the development of education since the second world war, and increasingly close social, political, and developmental ties between Gulf states, a form of dialectical Arabic has evolved which is not closely associated with any one particular state, and which exhibits features common to them all. It is still unmistakably Gulf' in its basic pronunciation and morphology, as well as in its basic lexical stock, but its syntax and to some extent lexicon have been influenced by standard Arabic and other Arabic dialects. Clive Holes provides an in-depth description of this educated, pan-Gulf dialect.

When David gets in trouble, he always says "No! It's not my fault! I didn't mean to! It was an accident!" Whatever the situation, David's got a good excuse. Soon, though, David realizes that making excuses makes him feel bad, and saying he's sorry makes him feel better. Once again, David Shannon entertains us with young David's mischievous antics and a lighthearted story that's sure to leave kids (and parents) laughing.

'A definitive guide, in here you'll find everything you need' S. J. Watson With over 4,000 industry contacts and over eighty articles from a wide range of leading authors and publishing industry professionals, the latest edition of this bestselling Yearbook is packed with all of the practical information, inspiration and guidance you need at every stage of your writing and publishing journey. Designed for authors and illustrators across all genres and markets, it is relevant for those looking for a traditional, hybrid or self-publishing route to publication; writers of fiction and non-fiction, poets and playwrights, writers for TV, radio and videogames. If you want to find a literary or illustration agent or publisher, would like to self-publish or crowdfund your creative idea then this Yearbook will help you. As well as sections on publishers and agents, newspapers and magazines, illustration and photography, theatre and screen, there is a wealth of detail on the legal and financial aspects of being a writer or illustrator. Includes advice from writers such as Peter James, Cathy Rentzenbrink, S.J. Watson, Kerry Hudson, and Samantha Shannon. Additional articles, free advice, events information and editorial services at www.writersandartists.co.uk

First published in 1989. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.