At his death, George Spencer (1758-1834) had created the greatest private library in Europe. At the time, many aristocrats were spending huge sums acquiring rare printed books. With monastic and aristocratic libraries in Europe being dissolved, collectors had access to thousands of examples. The Second Earl Spencer's interests were in English 'black-letter' printing, especially the works of Caxton, and continental incunables, particularly first editions of Greek and Latin classics. Thomas Dibdin (1776-1847) was employed as Spencer's librarian and visited Europe searching for new acquisitions. Published in 1814-15, this catalogue is of the earliest and rarest items in the collection. Each is described in detail, with reproductions of woodcuts and engravings, making this a fascinating record of one man's commitment to collecting the earliest examples of this revolutionary invention. Volume 1 covers the collection's oldest items, including a Gutenberg Bible and work by the great Nicholas Jenson.

This is the first book available on the market that shows people how to create more advanced data visualizations in the Excel software tool. It provides step-by-step instructions and downloadable Excel files, that readers can use to expand how they use Excel and communicate their data to their audiences.

Computer technology together with political and economic pressures for interlibrary cooperation are having far-reaching effects on online systems for bibliographic control. This work is a compendium of the current thought on how catalogs of the future can best take advantage of machine capabilities in a networking environment.
The Conceptual Foundations of Descriptive Cataloging comprises the proceedings of a conference of the same name held at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1987. The conference stimulated visionary thinking about the future direction of systems for the bibliographic control of information, particularly the future of those systems applying the Anglo-American codes for descriptive cataloging.
Key Features
* The general principles underlying the design of bibliographic databases
* The shape of bibliographic databases in the forseeable future
* The impact of technology on catalogs and catalog codes
* Design objectives for online catalogs
* Standardization and integration in bibliographic control
* Access to bibliographic information in the online age

The third edition of Preserving Digital Materials provides a survey of the digital preservation landscape. This book is structured around four questions: 1. Why do we preserve digital materials? 2. What digital materials do we preserve? 3. How do we preserve digital materials? 4. How do we manage digital preservation? This is a concise handbook and reference for a wide range of stakeholders who need to understand how preservation works in the digital world. It notes the increasing importance of the role of new stakeholders and the general public in digital preservation. It can be used as both a textbook for teaching digital preservation and as a guide for the many stakeholders who engage in digital preservation. Its synthesis of current information, research, and perspectives about digital preservation from a wide range of sources across many areas of practice makes it of interest to all who are concerned with digital preservation. It will be of use to preservation administrators and managers, who want a professional reference text, information professionals, who wish to reflect on the issues that digital preservation raises in their professional practice, and students in the field of digital preservation.

Winner of the Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books 2012, the world's leading prize for popular science writing. We live in the information age. But every era of history has had its own information revolution: the invention of writing, the composition of dictionaries, the creation of the charts that made navigation possible, the discovery of the electronic signal, the cracking of the genetic code. In 'The Information' James Gleick tells the story of how human beings use, transmit and keep what they know. From African talking drums to Wikipedia, from Morse code to the 'bit', it is a fascinating account of the modern age's defining idea and a brilliant exploration of how information has revolutionised our lives.

The key ingredients for using a library effectively are outlined in this easy-to-use guide. Middle and high school students are provided with the basics on how a library is organized, how to find materials, and how to perform research to complete their homework assignments. Common core library reference sources are annotated to aid the user in finding the most useful resource, and a keyword index helps students connect homework and term paper subjects with the reference works most likely to supply the needed information. Librarians will find that his volume not only aids their student users in achieving more productive research results, but it is also a useful tool for developing their collections to fulfill their students' needs. Information on using the Internet and other electronic sources is also provided.

Public Libraries and Their Communities: An Introduction provide an overview of public librarianship today. It covers library organization, policy development, staffing, fiscal organization including funding sources and budgets, the legal framework, relationships with local and state governments, advocacy, services and service development for different age groups and for different groups of users, development of programming and outreach, collection development, promotion and marketing, and current issues and trends. In addition to context and concepts, the book uses many examples from both large and small public libraries to bring principles to life. Examples include real library policies, case studies, strategic planning, organization charts and library budgets. Many think that public libraries are not complicated to run.This book aims to show that public libraries are very complicated and require much skill on the part of the director, staff, and Board of Trustees to meet the needs of their local users.Advocacy and marketing have become important parts of the work of public libraries. Funding is always challenging so public libraries must constantly be making the local government and its citizens aware of the public library - its programs, collections, and services. This book's focus is on how public libraries reach beyond the walls of their buildings and touch the lives of their citizens.Meeting community interests and needs is essential for 21st century public libraries. For students the book offers discussion questions at the end of each chapter. These questions also provide discussion starters for public library staff development.

The capacity to understand and communicate health information is a major international health concern. Sponsored by the Health and Biosciences Section of International Federation of Library Associations, this book highlights the contribution that librarians are making to improving health literacy and enabling citizens to be active participants in the management of their own health. Knowledge is power and the World Health Organization recognizes that health literacy, involving effective access to and understanding of health information, is essential to health and well-being in society by empowering and enabling citizens to participate in their own healthcare. The book presents inspiring studies from an international group of authors showing how libraries and librarians are partnering with diverse sectors of society including universities, hospitals, public health clinics, community-based organisations, voluntary bodies and government agencies, to help citizens understand and manage their health. It provides guidance by example to suggest how libraries can help citizens participate in their healthcare and their communities by collaborating with others to increase health literacy in society.

Academic libraries must frequently interact with state government. This book overviews the role of state government with respect to academic libraries, analyzes the impact of state government on significant functions within the academic library, and provides examples of how academic libraries can effectively interact with the state.

The first part of the book looks closely at the nature of state government and its operations, so as to provide a meaningful context for the chapters that follow. The second section focuses more clearly on the interaction between state government and academic libraries and gives special attention to such topics as funding, automation, and networking. The third section contains case studies of how academic libraries have worked cooperatively with the state to achieve their goals. Appendices list addresses for state agencies important to academic libraries.

As organisations across the globe commit to digital transformation, well-managed taxonomies are more critical than ever in supporting a wide range of business applications. Amidst growing industry uptake of controlled vocabularies, ontologies and knowledge graphs, taxonomists are at the forefront of helping organisations manage content and data of unprecedented breadth, depth and variety. Taxonomies: Practical Approaches to Developing and Managing Vocabularies for Digital Information is a comprehensive guide to building, implementing and using taxonomies. Featuring contributions and case examples from some of the world’s leading experts, the book supports professional development through practical advice and real-world case studies. Readers will learn best practice for the everyday realities of working with stakeholders, sponsors and systems to ensure that taxonomies remain useful and relevant. Addressing all the key stages of the process of building and implementing a taxonomy, including scoping, user testing and validation, and the creation of governance processes, the book is invaluable for the optimisation of systems for users and stakeholders alike.

This volume applies digital humanities methodologies to indirect translations in testing the concatenation effect hypothesis. The concatenation effect hypothesis suggests that indirect translations tend to omit or alter identifiably foreign elements and also tend not to identify themselves as translations. The book begins by introducing the methodological framework to be applied in the chapters that follow and providing an overview of the hypothesis. The various chapters focus on specific aspects of the hypothesis that relate to specific linguistic, stylistic, and visual features of indirect translations. These features provide evidence that can be used to assess whether and to what extent the concatenation effect is in evidence in any given example. The overarching aim of the book is not to demonstrate or falsify the veracity of the concatenation effect hypothesis or to give any definitive answers to the research questions posed. Rather, the aim is to pique the curiosity and provoke the creativity of students and researchers in all areas of translation studies who may never have considered indirect translation as relevant to their work.

The current digital age is impacting the contents and delivery of instructional service in many ways. Instructional sessions not only describe various features of a resource, but these sessions also bring issues like the ethical use of information, copyrights, and the value of open knowledge to light. Librarians are required to help users to learn use these tools. Changing the Scope of Library Instruction in the Digital Age provides emerging information on data visualization tools, creating effective instructions, and instructional design in library sciences. While highlighting the challenges of effectively training new and seasoned librarians in these various aspects of data technology and teaching methods, readers will learn the importance of giving librarians the tools they need to complete their new responsibilities. This book is an important resource for entry level and seasoned librarians, researchers, and instructional design specialists seeking current research on up to date library instruction in the modern technology age.

This volume: * Uses the Coronavirus pandemic to explore the link between news sentiment and global financial markets * Shows how the COVID-19 crisis differs from the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 * Focuses on the Noise vs Signal in news sentiment * will be invaluable for business professionals, bankers, media professionals, and investment consultants.

Most librarians are unaware of the laws governing the retention of library records. In addition, librarians often assume that state confidentiality laws offer more protection than they, in fact, do. The proper management of library records is an important legal issue for all librarians. This professional reference work outlines laws regarding the retention and confidentiality of library records. Part I explains why some library records should be saved and not routinely discarded. It also explains why public record retention laws apply to library records, and it then examines the variety of laws state by state. Part II discusses the need for strong confidentiality laws and traces the evolution of current laws. It then examines the current status of state confidentiality laws and demonstrates their weaknesses. While librarians often believe that confidential records are privileged and may be destroyed at will, this book clearly explains that this is not the case.

The health of scientific enterprise has become a critical political and social issue as nation states tackle austerity, diversity, global challenges, whilst simultaneously supporting a competitive and innovative national economy. A key asset in achieving such ambitions is for a scholarly information system which enables the fruits of the research effort to be disseminated efficiently. As the information support system struggles with adapting from a print-based to a digital process, the dysfunctionality current within STEM publishing in particular becomes evident. New ways of supporting research are emerging which require a new approach to publishing, an approach which takes on board the many demographic, social, technical and administrative changes taking place in both science itself and society. A radical strategic assessment is required and this book tracks key aspects required for any new future strategy. This book provides a catalogue of issues to which a future STEM information industry will need to adapt. They range from the effects of technology on the neurological processes of research to the growing use of technology to speed up the exchange of information among groups and collaboratories; from considerations about quality control yet maintaining intellectual ownership; from changing from an elitist STEM system favouring academics to a more democratic process with wider appeal. There is the neglected non-academic market and its need to share in the results of the research effort, often through partnership and being part of a 'hive mind'. This is the large world of the unaffiliated knowledge workers, of which academia is numerically but a small part. The many changes taking place in scholarly information dictate that the future is unlikely to be a smooth and gradual evolution from the past. Radical new approaches are required, a revolution which takes on board the perfect storm of changes listed in this book. Just as such changes have changed the face of industries such as music and retail in recent years, so similar dramatic changes are likely to result in a restructuring of STEM into a more technologically-focused industry within the next decade. The implications for the current STEM stakeholders are profound.

This collection of research papers provides extensive information on deploying services, concepts, and approaches for using open linked data from libraries and other cultural heritage institutions. With a special emphasis on how libraries and other cultural heritage institutions can create effective end user interfaces using open, linked data or other datasets. These papers are essential reading for any one interesting in user interface design or the semantic web.

- Written by a team of scholars who developed the first major Black Digital Humanities program at a research institution (the African American Digital Humanities Initiative at the University of Maryland). - Written for an audience of practitioners, researchers, and graduate students to help prepare them to take on their own research and projects. - Each chapter features guiding questions, bullet lists of practical advice, and resources readers can use to implement best practices in their own work.

- Written by a team of scholars who developed the first major Black Digital Humanities program at a research institution (the African American Digital Humanities Initiative at the University of Maryland). - Written for an audience of practitioners, researchers, and graduate students to help prepare them to take on their own research and projects. - Each chapter features guiding questions, bullet lists of practical advice, and resources readers can use to implement best practices in their own work.

Content-Based Image Classification: Efficient Machine Learning Using Robust Feature Extraction Techniques is a comprehensive guide to research with invaluable image data. Social Science Research Network has revealed that 65% of people are visual learners. Research data provided by Hyerle (2000) has clearly shown 90% of information in the human brain is visual. Thus, it is no wonder that visual information processing in the brain is 60,000 times faster than text-based information (3M Corporation, 2001). Recently, we have witnessed a significant surge in conversing with images due to the popularity of social networking platforms. The other reason for embracing usage of image data is the mass availability of high-resolution cellphone cameras. Wide usage of image data in diversified application areas including medical science, media, sports, remote sensing, and so on, has spurred the need for further research in optimizing archival, maintenance, and retrieval of appropriate image content to leverage data-driven decision-making. This book demonstrates several techniques of image processing to represent image data in a desired format for information identification. It discusses the application of machine learning and deep learning for identifying and categorizing appropriate image data helpful in designing automated decision support systems. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Image feature extraction with novel handcrafted techniques (traditional feature extraction) Image feature extraction with automated techniques (representation learning with CNNs) Significance of fusion-based approaches in enhancing classification accuracy MATLAB (R) codes for implementing the techniques Use of the Open Access data mining tool WEKA for multiple tasks The book is intended for budding researchers, technocrats, engineering students, and machine learning/deep learning enthusiasts who are willing to start their computer vision journey with content-based image recognition. The readers will get a clear picture of the essentials for transforming the image data into valuable means for insight generation. Readers will learn coding techniques necessary to propose novel mechanisms and disruptive approaches. The WEKA guide provided is beneficial for those uncomfortable coding for machine learning algorithms. The WEKA tool assists the learner in implementing machine learning algorithms with the click of a button. Thus, this book will be a stepping-stone for your machine learning journey. Please visit the author's website for any further guidance at https://www.rikdas.com/

Towards Smart World: Homes to Cities Using Internet of Things provides an overview of basic concepts from the rising of machines and communication to IoT for making cities smart, real-time applications domains, related technologies, and their possible solutions for handling relevant challenges. This book highlights the utilization of IoT for making cities smart and its underlying technologies in real-time application areas such as emergency departments, intelligent traffic systems, indoor and outdoor securities, automotive industries, environmental monitoring, business entrepreneurship, facial recognition, and motion-based object detection. Features The book covers the challenging issues related to sensors, detection, and tracking of moving objects, and solutions to handle relevant challenges. It contains the most recent research analysis in the domain of communications, signal processing, and computing sciences for facilitating smart homes, buildings, environmental conditions, and cities. It presents the readers with practical approaches and future direction for using IoT in smart cities and discusses how it deals with human dynamics, the ecosystem, and social objects and their relation. It describes the latest technological advances in IoT and visual surveillance with their implementations. This book is an ideal resource for IT professionals, researchers, undergraduate or postgraduate students, practitioners, and technology developers who are interested in gaining deeper knowledge and implementing IoT for smart cities, real-time applications areas, and technologies, and a possible set of solutions to handle relevant challenges. Dr. Lavanya Sharma is an Assistant Professor in the Amity Institute of Information Technology at Amity University UP, Noida, India. She has been a recipient of several prestigious awards during her academic career. She is an active nationally recognized researcher who has published numerous papers in her field.

Librarians and libraries now face unprecedented challenges, risks, and opportunities. In his latest collection of articles and speeches, White focuses on the professional issues confronting librarians at a time of increased technological options-when simple information access can be easily and directly done by end users, but in which complex information access poses needs and concerns which the end user may not even recognize, let alone understand. Often delivered with wit, these insightful and sometimes controversial commentaries are intended to provoke serious thought, discussion, and ultimately, action. A must read for library and information science professionals and valuable supplementary reading for students of library and information science.

This book identifies key factors necessary for a well-functioning information infrastructure and explores how information culture impacts the management of public information, stressing the need for a proactive and holistic information management approach amidst e-Government development. In an effort to deal with an organization's scattered information resources, Enterprise Content Management, Records Management and Information Culture Amidst E-Government Development investigates the key differences between Enterprise Content Management (ECM) and Records Management (RM), the impact of e-Government development on information management and the role of information in enhancing accountability and transparency of government institutions. The book hence identifies factors that contribute to a well-functioning information infrastructure and further explores how information culture impacts the management of public information. It highlights the Records Continuum Model (RCM) thinking as a more progressive way of managing digital information in an era of pluralization of government information. It also emphasizes the need for information/records management skills amidst e-Government development. Ideas about records, information, and content management have fundamentally changed and developed because of increasing digitalization. Though not fully harmonized, these new ideas commonly stress and underpin the need for a proactive and holistic information management approach. The proactive approach entails planning for the management of the entire information continuum before the information is created. For private enterprises and government institutions endeavoring to meet new information demands from customers, citizens and the society at large, such an approach is a prerequisite for accomplishing their missions. It could be argued that information is and has always been essential to all human activities and we are witnessing a transformation of the information landscape.

This book focuses on a specialized branch of the vast domain of software engineering: component-based software engineering (CBSE). Component-Based Software Engineering: Methods and Metrics enhances the basic understanding of components by defining categories, characteristics, repository, interaction, complexity, and composition. It divides the research domain of CBSE into three major sub-domains: (1) reusability issues, (2) interaction and integration issues, and (3) testing and reliability issues. This book covers the state-of-the-art literature survey of at least 20 years in the domain of reusability, interaction and integration complexities, and testing and reliability issues of component-based software engineering. The aim of this book is not only to review and analyze the previous works conducted by eminent researchers, academicians, and organizations in the context of CBSE, but also suggests innovative, efficient, and better solutions. A rigorous and critical survey of traditional and advanced paradigms of software engineering is provided in the book. Features: In-interactions and Out-Interactions both are covered to assess the complexity. In the context of CBSE both white-box and black-box testing methods and their metrics are described. This work covers reliability estimation using reusability which is an innovative method. Case studies and real-life software examples are used to explore the problems and their solutions. Students, research scholars, software developers, and software designers or individuals interested in software engineering, especially in component-based software engineering, can refer to this book to understand the concepts from scratch. These measures and metrics can be used to estimate the software before the actual coding commences.

The digital libraries emerging from "information societies" no longer concern only digital technodocumentary devices that are patrimonial, cultural or scientific. Social networks and high-audience merchant sites share the same technologies, heterogeneous digital resources, offer identical user experience (UX) capabilities, and are born within the same communities of designers and engineers. These technology-induced recoveries nourish a usage fantasy that irrigates a transformation movement of innovation where use and user occupy a central place. The evolution of digital libraries does not constitute a disjointed set of singular innovations. They are the result of an innovation movement that gives them a specific dynamic and produces two major effects: empowering users and increasing their number. This book highlights and study that the combination of these effects is likely to have a positive impact not only from an economic point of view but more broadly from a social point of view.

Scientometrics for the Humanities and Social Sciences is the first ever book on scientometrics that deals with the historical development of both quantitative and qualitative data analysis in scientometric studies. It focuses on its applicability in new and emerging areas of inquiry. This important book presents the inherent potential for data mining and analysis of qualitative data in scientometrics. The author provides select cases of scientometric studies in the humanities and social sciences, explaining their research objectives, sources of data and methodologies. It illustrates how data can be gathered not only from prominent online databases and repositories, but also from journals that are not stored in these databases. With the support of specific examples, the book shows how data on demographic variables can be collected to supplement scientometric data. The book deals with a research methodology which has an increasing applicability not only to the study of science, but also to the study of the disciplines in the humanities and social sciences.