After World War II, Ernst Ludwig Ehrlich (1921-2007) published works in English and German by eminent Israeli scholars, in this way introducing them to a wider audience in Europe and North America. The series he founded for that purpose, Studia Judaica, continues to offer a platform for scholarly studies and editions that cover all eras in the history of the Jewish religion.

Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting held in Dublin, OH,14-16 August 2001 and sponsored by the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section and OCLC.

This collection of papers examines issues related to the identification, preservation, and long-term use of electronic records. The articles discuss the functional changes in public administration work; the evolving nature of documentation itself; the limitations and future of traditional instruments and principles; and the technological, conceptual, and economic implications of capturing and retaining data electronically.

Effectively assess whether any library is making good use of the reference/user service resources available today Libraries need to develop standards by which they can assess their individual performances in a larger context, and Assessing Reference and User Services in a Digital Age makes significant contributions to this ongoing discussion. The book addresses its subject matter via approaches ranging from case studies of individual libraries to general discussions of best practices. The contributors explore the impact of the Internet on the field of evaluation, focusing on electronic reference and instruction. They highlight current issues, present research results, and offer expert advice on how to assess online reference and instruction. All chapters are well referenced to facilitate further study, and many include tables, appendixes, checklists, and other helpful features that make difficult information easy to access and understand. The chapters that make up Assessing Reference and User Services in a Digital Age are as rich and varied as the backgrounds of their authors. Experienced researchers provide the results of studies conducted to determine the nature and effectiveness of the online reference services offered by various libraries. Practitioners and administrators from different institutional settings (academic libraries, public libraries, consortiums, etc.) provide their perspectives on the issues facing librarians who need to assess the electronic services they provide. In this important new book: Andrew Briedenbagh shows how a chat service can be implemented and suggests which data should be collected for it Buff Hirko examines VET: the Virtual Evaluation Toolkit Ruth Vondracek shares the experiences of a university library as it entered a statewide e-reference consortium, and offers advice and issues to consider before entering such a partnership librarians from San Jose State University present a model for evaluating electronic reference services that can be used in public or academic libraries Kathleen Kern discusses holistic evaluation chat transcripts are addressed in several chapters, including Joseph Fennewald's comparisons of question categories, Lesley Moyo's analysis of the use of instruction in the virtual environment, and Caleb Tucker-Raymond's proposed set of quality measures for chat reference Laurie Probst and Michael Pelikan report on the use of a Tell Us What You Think button to gather user feedback Kristi Nelson and Catherine L. Ross examine a research study that asked library school students to submit a reference question online and report on their experiences Melissa Gross, Charles McClure, and R. David Lankes suggest measures to determine the cost and benefits of a virtual reference service librarians from Utah State University describe the development of their online instructional module Assessing Reference and User Services in a Digital Age is designed as essential reading for library administrators, public service librarians, and researchers. It provides general advice for practitioners as well as an examination of research results and methodological issues. We urge you to consider making it part of your professional or teaching collection today.

An essential tool for digital services for every campus library The Twelfth Off-Campus Library Services Proceedings is a selection of superb presentations from the twelfth annual conference on library services held in Savannah, Georgia in April 2006. Respected experts tackle the latest issues in library services, distance learning, and administration, focusing on theory, best practices, and practical digital applications using the most current research available at the time of the conference. Case studies provide a clear view of the challenges present in various types of campus libraries, and practical strategies are offered to more fully utilize electronic resources in the future. This comprehensive collection provides valuable advice on copyright issues, evaluating library services Web sites, best practices for distance learning instruction, Weblogs in instruction, collaborative efforts, and many other of the latest issues. Practical ideas consider budget and knowledge constraints, emphasizing strategies using the latest digital software. The future of electronic services in campus libraries is considered in detail. The book also contains workshop and poster abstracts, including full papers when provided by the author. The Twelfth Off-Campus Library Services Proceedings contains several helpful tables and appendixes to clearly illustrate surveys and data results. Each chapter is carefully referenced. Topics in The Twelfth Off-Campus Library Services Proceedings include: providing education on the key differences between copyright and plagiarism results of a survey from users to determine usefulness of content and services offered in an electronic environment findings of a survey on the form and function models within regional campus librarians comparison between (ARL/ACRL) SPEC Kit data and a selection of current library literature survey results on the professional development needs of distance librarians the use of blogs as a supplement to face-to-face instruction and as outreach the role of e-mail reference in electronic services virtual (real-time chat) reference collaborations recommendations for modifications to the process of adapting and testing an analytic rubric used with graduate literature reviews case study in statewide cooperation in the delivery of library services much, much more! The Twelfth Off-Campus Library Services Proceedings is an invaluable resource that explores present and future digital library services challenges for campus librarians of all types everywhere.

Effectively assess whether any library is making good use of the reference/user service resources available today Libraries need to develop standards by which they can assess their individual performances in a larger context, and Assessing Reference and User Services in a Digital Age makes significant contributions to this ongoing discussion. The book addresses its subject matter via approaches ranging from case studies of individual libraries to general discussions of best practices. The contributors explore the impact of the Internet on the field of evaluation, focusing on electronic reference and instruction. They highlight current issues, present research results, and offer expert advice on how to assess online reference and instruction. All chapters are well referenced to facilitate further study, and many include tables, appendixes, checklists, and other helpful features that make difficult information easy to access and understand. The chapters that make up Assessing Reference and User Services in a Digital Age are as rich and varied as the backgrounds of their authors. Experienced researchers provide the results of studies conducted to determine the nature and effectiveness of the online reference services offered by various libraries. Practitioners and administrators from different institutional settings (academic libraries, public libraries, consortiums, etc.) provide their perspectives on the issues facing librarians who need to assess the electronic services they provide. In this important new book: Andrew Briedenbagh shows how a chat service can be implemented and suggests which data should be collected for it Buff Hirko examines VET: the Virtual Evaluation Toolkit Ruth Vondracek shares the experiences of a university library as it entered a statewide e-reference consortium, and offers advice and issues to consider before entering such a partnership librarians from San Jose State University present a model for evaluating electronic reference services that can be used in public or academic libraries Kathleen Kern discusses holistic evaluation chat transcripts are addressed in several chapters, including Joseph Fennewald's comparisons of question categories, Lesley Moyo's analysis of the use of instruction in the virtual environment, and Caleb Tucker-Raymond's proposed set of quality measures for chat reference Laurie Probst and Michael Pelikan report on the use of a Tell Us What You Think button to gather user feedback Kristi Nelson and Catherine L. Ross examine a research study that asked library school students to submit a reference question online and report on their experiences Melissa Gross, Charles McClure, and R. David Lankes suggest measures to determine the cost and benefits of a virtual reference service librarians from Utah State University describe the development of their online instructional module Assessing Reference and User Services in a Digital Age is designed as essential reading for library administrators, public service librarians, and researchers. It provides general advice for practitioners as well as an examination of research results and methodological issues. We urge you to consider making it part of your professional or teaching collection today.

Can the Dewey Decimal System meet the needs of the rapidly changing information environment? Moving Beyond the Presentation Layer explores the Dewey Decimal System from a variety of perspectives, each of which peels away a bit of the presentation layerthe familiar linear notational sequence-to reveal the content and context offered by the DDS. Library professionals from around the word examine how the content and context offered by the DDS can evolve to meet the needs of the changing information environment, with a special focus on the impact of the Internet on current and future developments. Moving Beyond the Presentation Layer examines whether the Dewey Decimal System is a rigid structure best suited to a physical information environment or a polymorphic one that can be adapted to meet a variety of physical and virtual needs. This unique book reviews the 40-year history of the online use of classification systems, the development of the Relative Index over 22 editions of the DDC, recommendations to ensure the viability of the DDC in a time of mass digitization, using DDS in an environment where it hasn't been used before, teaching the DDS, special issues related to the use of the DDS in Europe, North America, and Africa, and the future of online classification. Topics examined in Moving Beyond the Presentation Layer include: using the DDC as the browsing mechanism for resource discovery classification as an online cataloging tool classification as an online end-user tool browser behavior in a DDC-based Web service the role of the DDS in the ongoing HILT (High-Level Thesaurus) project using the DDS to organize Web resources localization and interoperability in knowledge organization mapping terminologies to classification systems the DeweyBrowser and much more Moving Beyond the Presentation Layer is an essential professional resource for librarians, information scientists, computer scientists, and metadata and Web services specialists.

Although urban historians point to the creation of the American public library as one response to the chaos experienced by big cities at the end of the 19th century, this study shows that the library developed in the rural community of Hagerstown, Maryland, resembled its urban counterparts. Business elites, concerned about the image of the town, created a library as the first cultural institution in Hagerstown. This book traces the societal changes in Hagerstown from 1878 to 1920, examines the motivations of the businessmen for creating the library, and explores the changes in attitude of the librarian who spent her career there. By using the experience of Hagerstown as a case study, the author makes a valuable contribution to the history of rural librarianship and the place of the library in American cultural history.

Get practical solutions to the problems faced when implementing an electronic reserve service! Academic libraries that provide electronic reserve services offer convenient access to information to their students and faculty while gaining numerous other advantages, such as reducing both loss and staff workload. Marketing and Managing Electronic Reserves presents leading authorities with practical solutions to the challenges in effectively integrating electronic reserves services and marketing them to users. This book provides positive approaches that any academic library considering the implementation of an electronic reserve operation can use. All factors are considered, including size of institution, the relationship between the library and academic departments, and the budget and plan for marketing the service. More and more colleges and universities are implementing distance education programs, highlighting the increasing need for remote access to information in the library, including reserve material. But executing monumental change is always difficult. Marketing and Managing Electronic Reserves tackles the difficult issues, discussing various libraries' journeys in bringing about the changes needed to remain the central information source for students and faculty. Problems inherent in the evolution from traditional reserve services to electronic reserves are examined, offering effective strategies for smooth transition. Whatever type of system you are considering, from homegrown to commercial to hybrid electronic reserves service, this book can help. Marketing and Managing Electronic Reserves explains how others tackled challenges, such as: implementing Endeavor's Voyager Integrated Library System and the software used for authenticating users handling copyright compliance integration of electronic reserves into course management systems moving from a paper-based to a Web-based course reserve system offering and marketing one-stop teaching support to faculty a large institution's shift to a collaborative approach with electronic reserves and course management software establishing a suite of electronic utilities that fulfills teaching and essential learning activities implementing the Blackboard Content System marketing for a smooth transition from traditional to electronic reserves marketing to the faculty process improvement technique applied to electronic reserves integration of electronic reserve with a Library Management System and Course Management System trends for the future Marketing and Managing Electronic Reserves is crucial reading for access services librarians, circulation and reserve librarians, public service librarians, library school faculty who teach public services courses, integrated library systems managers, and university course management software specialists.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are growing exponentially. In 1993, the Yearbook of International Organizations listed 16,000 internationally recognized NGOs. By 2004, this number was 63,000. With this increase comes a staggering growth in the activities and intellectual output of NGOs working on a local and international level. As the mission of both libraries and NGOs increasingly intersect, these organizations must collaborate to provide essential services that revolve around the creation, dissemination, and storage of information. This volume's eight essays focus on collaborative work between NGOs and libraries in the study and resolution of global issues ranging from AIDS to food security, and social transformation.

"Indexing: The Manual of Good Practice" covers all aspects of whole document indexing of books, serial publications, images and sound materials. The book gives the purpose and principles of indexing, and covers areas such as managing the work, technology and other subject specialisations. The manual takes the reader through the basic principles of indexing on to expert approaches, and therefore has a broad appeal for both indexers and prospective indexers whether freelance or in-house. Contents include: What to index; Forming the index entries; Editing the text; Presentation and layout; Indexing serial publications; Images and audio materials; Electronic media; Managing the work; Technology; Reading lists; Useful addresses.

"Indexing: The Manual of Good Practice" is an invaluable aid for practising indexes, librarians, students and lecturers on LIS courses with an indexing module, people who want a career in indexing, authors, archivists and record managers.

The papers collected in this volume discuss descriptive methods and present conclusions relevant for the history of the book production and reception. Books printed in Europe in the 15th and 16th century still had much in common with manuscripts. They are not mere textual sources, but also material objects whose physical make-up and individual features need to be taken into account in library projects for cataloguing and digitization.

Learn effective ways to assess and evaluate reference services in YOUR library Innovation and the constant evolution of technology continually spur academic librarians to find superior ways to deliver high quality reference service to students, faculty, and researchers. Reference Assessment and Evaluation offers librarians and administrators a plethora of fresh ideas and methods to effectively assess and evaluate reference service in any academic library. Leading experts share their own best practices in delivering digital reference, training staff and student workers, and providing instruction through case studies from academic libraries of all sizes. Because of fiscal pressures, the need to attract the best and brightest students and faculty to the academy, and increased competition from Internet search engines, the evaluation and assessment of reference service remains one of the most important challenges for academic libraries. Reference Assessment and Evaluation provides practical tips and clear examples on assessing and evaluating several diverse aspects of reference services. This book discusses in detail case studies from various colleges and universities on wide-ranging issues such as virtual reference evaluation, merging reference desks, peer evaluations, library instruction, and staff development. Academic libraries of all types will find opportunities to modify these innovative ideas to remain at the forefront of reference service. Topics in Reference Assessment and Evaluation include: a case study of the library at the University of Colorado at Boulder's efforts to implement a drop-in research consultation program for students enrolled in the introductory writing course coordination of an annual professional development program for specialized instruction targeted at faculty and staff members at Colorado State University peer observation between the reference staff members of Augustana College Library and St. Ambrose University Library the merging of San Jose State University's government publication desk with the reference services deskalong with the public library's reference desk Valparaiso University's main library's training and use of student assistants analyzing user and librarian satisfaction within virtual reference transactions evaluation of the University of South Alabama's Baugh Biomedical Library's chat reference service evaluation of the University of Texas at Arlington's virtual reference service library technology's impact on reference desk statistics statistical analysis of reference desk data for staffing needs at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Reference Assessment and Evaluation is timely, important reading for academic references librarians and supervisors.

Expand your knowledge of problems and possibilities with e-material acquisitions around the world to aid in making your own decisions The demand for electronic material in academic libraries is growing and shows no sign of abating. Collection Development Issues in the Online Environment addresses key issues in electronic materials development and presents cutting-edge practices from academic libraries around the world. Leading authorities reveal insights on both common and special concerns that every library administrator can use in making decisions about their own collections. The text also presents real-life case studies illustrating approaches that can be modified for effective planning of your own library acquisitions. The strategies are practical, the information clear and helpful, all of it contained in a single useful volume that every information science professional or academic can use. Collection Development Issues in the Online Environment is separated into three sections. The first section tackles issues common to most academic libraries such as electronic journal delivery and budgeting. The second section addresses special library digital issues such as the preservation and dissemination of unique types of information such as annual reports. The final section delves into the future of library electronic acquisitions and the coming challenges. This text is carefully referenced and includes tables and figures to enhance understanding of the subjects. Collection Development Issues in the Online Environment topics include: virtual learning environments (VLE) problems of pricing and access with individually ordered or packaged electronic journals budgeting issues in electronic resources management of electronic-only versions of journals electronic vs. paper serialsincluding selection criteria of each copyright lawand its impact on electronic acquisitions subscriptions to databases and the variations in depth and quality of indexing the challenges in creation of an electronic collection of historical annual reports costs and delivery options for unbundled and integrated media materials systematic incentives to implement archiving of peer-reviewed papers produced by faculty PDA serials issues Collection Development Issues in the Online Environment is helpful, horizon-expanding information for librarians, library administrators, archivists, publishers, and library and information science educators and students.

The transformation of the Bodleian Libraries provides an example of how major libraries can meet twenty-first century challenges: in 2008 it was facing a failed system installation, a failed plan to cope with its storage needs and the threat of losing status as a repository suitable to house important manuscripts. Three years later it had a new state-of-the-art repository already holding 7 million items under full automated control, a new advanced library system, transformed reader spaces and the reconstruction of its major building well under way; This was achieved in record-breaking time without significant interruptions in service.

Design and deliver traditional reference services in new and innovative ways Librarians work in an environment of constant change created by new technology, budget restraints, inflationary costs, and rising user expectations. New Directions in Reference examines how they can use new and innovative methods to design and deliver traditional reference services in a wide range of settings. The book's contributors relate first-hand experiences in libraries large and small, public and academic, and urban and rural dealing with a variety of changes, including virtual reference, music reference, self-service interlibrary loan, e-mail reference, and copyright law. Change isn't new to libraries but the accelerated pace of change is. Traditional lines that have existed between library departments have been erased and traditional notions about general and specialized reference services have been reconsidered. New Directions in Reference documents how librarians are re-thinking their roles and responsibilities to keep pace with the ongoing process of evolution that borders on revolution. New Directions in Reference examines: the skills needed to manage and evaluate virtual reference services the basics of modern copyright law and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) the changes in users, sources, and modes of access in music reference services the use of interlibrary loan management software that allows patrons to request, track, and renew borrowed materials online the Ask-A-Librarian e-mail reference service the Government Printing Office and government information online and much more! New Directions in Reference also includes case studies involving the new Martin Luther King Jr. Library in San Jose, California, and the impact of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) in providing references services for medical libraries. This important book is an essential professional resource for public, academic, and special librarians, especially those providing reference services.

Discover the history, development, and use of EAD, EAC, and EAG Encoding Across Frontiers is a careful selection of the finest presentations from the European Conference on Encoded Archival Description and Context (EAD and EAC) held in Paris, France in October 2004. International experts explore the history and practical use of EAD in Europe, the development and future of EAC, and a data format for information about archive holders, Encoded Archival Guide (EAG). Archivists will learn the latest in technology, practical applications, and international perspectives on how to transcend the printed word. Archivists have long imagined the practical benefits of using advanced technologies in their work. Encoding Across Frontiers is a detailed look at the technologies that have been transforming archival description, revealing a future that travels beyond the limits of traditional media. Respected authorities discuss ways to use technology to bring information to a wider audience through online services, standardization of data, the development and use of EAD, the issues in EAD implementation, case studies of implementation from France and the United Kingdom, the need to structure contextual information to allow access to archival material, and funding issues. Topics in Encoding Across Frontiers include: the history, use, and spread of EAD in Europe development of standards for describing archive creators and archive holdersand the tool called Encoded Archival Guide (EAG) a case study of the Bodleian Library's conversion to EAD the status of training for archivists in the use of EAD an examination of MidosaXML in Germany as a pilot application and tool the BASYS-Fox system and the scope of EAD in the Bundesarchiv EAD's capabilities as a tool for information created by different professional communities the sharing of descriptive standards between public archives and private collections a case study of the Metrica Regni Project in Poland four projects providing EAD users the means to control the quality of archival finding tools the Archives Departementales de la Cote-d'Or's decision to use a simple and efficient software package to publish online archival descriptions and the library catalogue a discussion of three different online services that provide federated access to finding aids in the United Kingdom the influence of American and European practices on EAD the relationship of EAD and EAC as data formats to national and international content standards the SIASFI Project and the Online Guide to the State Archives of Florence EAC and the development of national and European gateways to archives and so much more Encoding Across Frontiers is crucial reading for every archive professional at any level, archive students in training, and any allied library and museum professional with an interest in EAD, EAC, and EAG.

Design and deliver traditional reference services in new and innovative ways Librarians work in an environment of constant change created by new technology, budget restraints, inflationary costs, and rising user expectations. New Directions in Reference examines how they can use new and innovative methods to design and deliver traditional reference services in a wide range of settings. The book's contributors relate first-hand experiences in libraries large and small, public and academic, and urban and rural dealing with a variety of changes, including virtual reference, music reference, self-service interlibrary loan, e-mail reference, and copyright law. Change isn't new to libraries but the accelerated pace of change is. Traditional lines that have existed between library departments have been erased and traditional notions about general and specialized reference services have been reconsidered. New Directions in Reference documents how librarians are re-thinking their roles and responsibilities to keep pace with the ongoing process of evolution that borders on revolution. New Directions in Reference examines: the skills needed to manage and evaluate virtual reference services the basics of modern copyright law and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) the changes in users, sources, and modes of access in music reference services the use of interlibrary loan management software that allows patrons to request, track, and renew borrowed materials online the Ask-A-Librarian e-mail reference service the Government Printing Office and government information online and much more! New Directions in Reference also includes case studies involving the new Martin Luther King Jr. Library in San Jose, California, and the impact of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) in providing references services for medical libraries. This important book is an essential professional resource for public, academic, and special librarians, especially those providing reference services.

A daily diary of actual interactions between a reference desk librarian and his patrons Reference Librarianship documents a year in the life of a young librarian working in the "trenches" at a library in the Midwestern United States. This one-of-a-kind book provides a daily diary of every librarian/patron transaction-no matter how mundane or absurd-to demonstrate not only how advances in technology have affected the reference librarian's job, but how the public's expectations have changed, as well. The book also includes observations by a now-retired reference librarian on the current state of the field based on these unedited interactions. Over the past two decades, the job of reference librarian has seen many changes. But in many ways, reference desk work hasn't changed a bit, with its mix of odd, humorous, routine, and ridiculous requests that capture what it's like to deal with patrons day after day. Reference Librarianship paints a clear picture of the field for library school students, provides emotional and philosophical support to practitioners, and reminds library administrators of what life was like on the "front lines." A sampling of the daily transactions documented in Reference Librarianship: Monday, May 19, 2003: pencil pencil network down I tell people that I can't sign them up for an Internet terminal because the network is down and they just stand there, staring into space One of them asks for three days worth of newspapers microfiche machine explanation Sorry, Sir, the network is still down (multiply by twenty and insert randomly into the remainder of the day) magic tricks, but he pretty much knew where they were One of our large interior plate glass windows shattered. No one was hurt and it made a fascinating noise, like a crystal waterfall landing on soil. "Books on prostitution, you know-whores?" Someone from the County called to ask if any criminal activity had occurred on a particular street. Someone else referred her to us. She was dubious-with good reason. "Math puzzles." Okay. I show him the books. "Just math." Certainly. I show him the books. "I need them in Spanish." Grrr ... Reference Librarianship is an enlightening, educational, and entertaining look at the real world of reference desk work. It's an essential read for reference librarians (both public and academic), library administrators, and library school students, as well as anyone who works with the public.

Everything you need to know about adding e-resources to your library's servicesHandbook of Electronic and Digital Acquisitions steers librarians through the process of evaluating, choosing, and managing electronic resources as they expand their collection development policies to include electronic databases. This handy, how-to guide takes a practical approach to acquisitions, providing commonsense information on basic copyright laws, fair use guidelines and policies, offsite and in-house databases, virtual reference software, EDI, and vendors. The book's contributors draw on their own experiences, providing case studies and helpful evaluation checklists, worksheets, and templates. Electronic journals, full-text databases, and electronic books are altering the traditional purpose of the library as an "archive" for publications. The Handbook of Electronic and Digital Acquisitions provides usable tips on the practical aspects of implementing electronic resources, helping librarians develop the potential of digital media as they work to provide their patrons with top quality access and services in a rapidly changing environment. The Handbook of Electronic and Digital Acquisitions examines: * evaluating databases for acquisition, retention, and withdrawal* budgeting for electronic resources* measuring user satisfaction* online aggregated databases* licensing agreements* the TEACH (Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization) Act* the Digital Millennium Copyright Act* e-mail tools* and much more!The Handbook of Electronic and Digital Acquisitions is an invaluable aid to librarians working at all levels as they attempt to keep pace with their changing environment.

Save time and avoid trouble as you search the Internet for reliable resources Evolving Internet Reference Resources provides both beginning and experienced researchers with a comprehensive overview of the key information sources available online in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. This invaluable book is your guide to the best free and subscription-based Internet sites and services for 26 diverse subject areas, including law, psychology, rhetoric, LGBT studies, health and medicine, engineering, Asian studies, and computer science. Experts in specific areas review Web sites, meta sites, indexing and abstracting services, directories, portals, databases, and blogs for their accessibility and usability, saving you valuable time and effort in your search for the best academic research and reference resources on the Web. Evolving Internet Reference Resources is your pathfinder for all levels of research in crucial areas of academic and general interest. The book will lead you through the almost overwhelming volume of information available online to help you steer clear of unreliable, untrustworthy, and slipshod material as you search for dictionaries, glossaries, bibliographies, images, book reviews, career information, fieldwork opportunities, biographical sources, timelines and chronologies, audio and video clips, interactive maps, online collections, and much more. Topics covered in Evolving Internet Reference Resources include: significant developments in the availability of art images on the Web how Internet resources have transformed rhetoric, composition, and poetry why free Web sites can sometimes be unreliable organizational strategies for librarians how commercial publishers have acquired some of the best LGBT online resources the potential for Internet resources to enhance social activism in Latin America new approaches taken by librarians in creating online information government agency Web sites online versions of college guides the development of RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology the virtual reference shelf available to nursing students and faculty ESL (English as a Second Language) Web sites Evolving Internet Reference Resources is an essential tool for all librarians (academic, school, special, and public), library science faculty, and faculty and students in a wide variety of disciplines.