Extracting content from text continues to be an important research problem for information processing and management. Approaches to capture the semantics of text-based document collections may be based on Bayesian models, probability theory, vector space models, statistical models, or even graph theory. As the volume of digitized textual media continues to grow, so does the need for designing robust, scalable indexing and search strategies (software) to meet a variety of user needs. Knowledge extraction or creation from text requires systematic yet reliable processing that can be codified and adapted for changing needs and environments. This book will draw upon experts in both academia and industry to recommend practical approaches to the purification, indexing, and mining of textual information. It will address document identification, clustering and categorizing documents, cleaning text, and visualizing semantic models of text.

Countries around the globe are grappling with issues of archive legislation -- both in established societies where old laws no longer respond to modern realities and in the growing number of new states seeking to establish their own legal framework.

These two volumes outline the progress and procedures developed by nations grappling with issues such as:
-- How to provide access while protecting privacy
-- How to craft legislation that will survive the rapid advances of technology -- and reflect the changing relationship between public and private sectors

The reports presented here reveal common elements that may be fruitfully addressed by international effort and will act as a sourcebook of ideas and action.

Ernst Mach (1838-1916) was a seminal philosopher-scientist and a deserving member of the canon of major twentieth-century thinkers. Yet, despite a healthy resurgence in Mach studies, he is still widely thought to represent a simplistic positivist, even sensationalist, position that does not at all reflect the depth of Mach's interests and subtlety as a philosopher. By exploring Mach's views on science as well as philosophy, this book attempts to wrest him free from his customary association with logical positivism and to reinterpret him on his own terms as a natural philosopher and naturalist about human knowledge. Mach's development and his influences from 19th century German philosophy and science are probed in great conceptual and historical detail, and attention is paid to his unpublished Nachlass as well as to the affinities between Mach's thought and that of other major philosopher-scientists such as Einstein, Bertrand Russell, William James, Helmholtz, Riemann, Herbart and Kant. In particular, the book strives to set forth the true nature of Mach's sensation-elements, the motivations for his critique of the concepts of space and time in physics, and the real meaning of his famous critique of metaphysics. The author's work has appeared in Synthese, Kant-Studien, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics and the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, but here these inquiries are gathered into a unified historico-critical treatment that follows Mach's conceptual development and the culmination of his work in a unique and intriguing natural philosophy. Physicists, psychologists, philosophers of science, historians of twentieth-century thought and culture, and educators will find this volume a valuable help in interpreting Mach's ideas in a context that includes philosophy and science and the bridge between them."

While most discoverability evaluation studies in the Library and Information Science field discuss the intersection of discovery layers and library systems, this book looks specifically at digital repositories, examining discoverability from the lenses of system structure, user searches, and external discovery avenues. Discoverability, the ease with which information can be found by a user, is the cornerstone of all successful digital information platforms. Yet, most digital repository practitioners and researchers lack a holistic and comprehensive understanding of how and where discoverability happens. This book brings together current understandings of user needs and behaviors and poses them alongside a deeper examination of digital repositories around the theme of discoverability. It examines discoverability in digital repositories from both user and system perspectives by exploring how users access content (including their search patterns and habits, need for digital content, effects of outreach, or integration with Wikipedia and other web-based tools) and how systems support or prevent discoverability through the structure or quality of metadata, system interfaces, exposure to search engines or lack thereof, and integration with library discovery tools. Discoverability in Digital Repositories will be particularly useful to digital repository managers, practitioners, and researchers, metadata librarians, systems librarians, and user studies, usability and user experience librarians. Additionally, and perhaps most prominently, this book is composed with the emerging practitioner in mind. Instructors and students in Library and Information Science and Information Management programs will benefit from this book that specifically addresses discoverability in digital repository systems and services.

A response to dramatic changes in the geopolitical map, this new guide offers a frame of reference to negotiate the broad, complex, and ever-changing terrain of national bibliographies.

Since the prior edition, at least 28 new countries have been created, with nations such as the former Yugoslavia reconstructing their bibliographies to more clearly reflect the ethnicity of their citizens. Technological advances have also had an impact: six countries now offer their bibliographies exclusively in electronic format.

The guide covers 181 countries offering 133 individual national bibliographies and 12 regional bibliographies. Even countries without a current program are represented by their most recent issue.

Arranged by country, entries include title and key details, such as the compiler, contents, and format, as well as relevant information specific to the bibliography in question.

Searching Multimedia Databases by Content bridges the gap between the database and signal processing communities by providing the necessary background information for the reader and presenting it along with the intuition and mechanics of the best existing tools in each area. The first half of Searching Multimedia Databases by Content reviews the most successful database access methods, in increasing complexity, reaching up to spatial access methods and text retrieval. In all cases, the emphasis is on practical approaches that have been incorporated in commercial systems, or that seem very promising. The second half of the book uses the above access methods to achieve fast searching in a database of signals. A general methodology is presented, which suggests extracting a few good features from each multimedia object, thus mapping objects into points in a metric space. Finally, the book concludes by presenting some recent successful applications of the methodology on time series and color images. Searching Multimedia Databases by Content is targeted towards researchers and developers of multimedia systems. The book can also serve as a textbook for a graduate course on multimedia searching, covering both access methods as well as the basics of signal processing.

The techniques of time management explained in this handbook provide a framework from which professional librarians in academic, public, and special libraries can benefit. Included are time management techniques for one's personal work habits, techniques for work routines involving other staff members, and techniques for library administrators. Cochran, a law library administrator focuses on effectiveness (doing the right job) rather than efficiency (doing a job right). The major topics include setting goals and objectives for one's personal and professional life that support one's values, planning and scheduling work each day, fighting procrastination, limiting interruptions, planning effective meetings, delegating effectively, building morale, and cultivating creativity. Other chapters cover time management techniques for special situations including travel and lunch time, balancing a career and personal life, and implementing a time management training program in a library. Appendices include worksheet forms.

This volume contains the proceedings of a special conference held in Florence, August 2009. The theoretical and methodological aspects of rethinking semantic access to information and knowledge are explored. Innovative projects deployed to cope with the challenges of the future are presented and discussed. This book offers a unique opportunity for librarians and other information professionals to get acquainted with the state of the art in subject indexing.

This volume comprises contributions of three conferences, on legal deposit in a digital environment, on web harvesting and archiving as well as newspapers in the geographical context of the Mediterranean. The main focus is on how to acquire, preserve and make available digital files. Issues that continue to be hot topics also in a world dominated by monographs.

This book is the culmination of three years of study of information and referral activity in U.S. public libraries. Information and referal (I&R) is defined broadly as facilitating the link between a people and the resource or resources outside the library that can meet their needs. The book helps to define what I&R is, how some libraries have approached it, and what major problems have been associated with its adoption. It serves as a guide on the role of public libraries in I&R, managing I&R in a library environment, appropriate skills and training, the performance of libraries where I&R has been tried, the impact of library-based I&R on the client group, and how library-based I&R compares with non-library I&R.

Intended for librarians and library managers in academic institutions, this series aims to cover advances in library administration and organization. The collected articles draw upon practical situations to illustrate administrative principles.

A considerable variety of information for libraries planning materials selection policies is relayed in reviews of the relevant literature and in case studies of typical special, public, academic, and school libraries. The case studies consider the location and size of each library as well as its budget, organizational chart, and materials selection procedure. In all, a good collection, well organized and easy to use. Actual collection develpment policies are appended, along with bibliography and index. Booklist As an outgrowth of the author's discovery that very little material exists discussing how to develop a library collection, this book seeks to identify how some experienced selectors think while deciding to buy, not buy, or discard materials from their collections. While subject areas or types of materials for which selectors are responsible may be vastly different, the author found that all selectors do collection development in the same way, and consider the same types of issues and problems in their decision-making process. The book, then, is designed to help librarians identify this process and understand the theoretical as well as practical aspects of building collections. Based on information gathered over a period of six years in research at academic, public, school, and special libraries, the book will be just as valuable to experienced practitioners of collection development as it will be to students and newcomers to the field. The first section discusses decision making and collection development, including general trends, theories and literature, and organizational administration. The second section provides case studies of four different types of libraries: public, school, academic, and special. Each type is represented by studies of four specific libraries, with a summary concluding each set of libraries. Finally, a third section draws conclusions based on the case studies, covering dynamic factors affecting the decision-making process as well as the process itself. The book concludes with a group of appendices, a bibliography, and an index. This important work will be an essential reference source for courses in library science and for working librarians in all types of institutions, as well as a valuable addition to college, university, and public libraries.

What is the significance of heritage for how welfare is defined? What function does heritage have in the public realm and how is heritage becoming a resource for citizens to gain influence in society? Who and what defines the public debates and the politics about heritage? Is there a knowledge gap between research communities, management, and the public understanding and use of heritage? These are some of the questions that the authors of this book reflect upon. They provide Nordic perspectives on how the management of the past takes place, and how it is carried out in the service of the society, offering new interpretations of the role of heritage in present society, where institutional heritage management has become just one of the many and multiple ways in which different publics engage with cultural heritage. This book addresses the main challenges faced by heritage managers today in light of the changing understanding of heritage in society.

The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is the leading international body representing the interests of library and information services and their users. It is the global voice of the information profession. The series IFLA Publications deals with many of the means through which libraries, information centres, and information professionals worldwide can formulate their goals, exert their influence as a group, protect their interests, and find solutions to global problems.

This book introduces a new approach to designing E-Librarian Services. With the help of this system, users will be able to retrieve multimedia resources from digital libraries more efficiently than they would by browsing through an index or by using a simple keyword search. E-Librarian Services combine recent advances in multimedia information retrieval with aspects of human-machine interfaces, such as the ability to ask questions in natural language; they simulate a human librarian by finding and delivering the most relevant documents that offer users potential answers to their queries. The premise is that more pertinent results can be retrieved if the search engine understands the meaning of the query; the returned results are therefore logical consequences of an inference rather than of keyword matches. Moreover, E-Librarian Services always provide users with a solution, even in situations where they are unable to offer a comprehensive answer.

The scale of change in the provision of information and research services since the original edition of this guide (published 1993), in particular the development of the Internet, meant that it soon became clear that a more or less complete re-write was needed, rather than simply a revision of the existing text. However, the new edition has kept to the spirit of the original, which has been a valuable tool for many.

For the past ten years, Nancy MacKay's Curating Oral Histories (2006) has been the one-stop shop for librarians, curators, program administrators, and project managers who are involved in turning an oral history interview into a primary research document, available for use in a repository. In this new and greatly expanded edition, MacKay uses the life cycle model to map out an expanded concept of curation, beginning with planning an oral history project and ending with access and use. The book:-guides readers, step by step, on how to make the oral history "archive ready";-offers strategies for archiving, preserving, and presenting interviews in a digital environment;-includes comprehensive updates on technology, legal and ethical issues, oral history on the Internet, cataloging, copyright, and backlogs.

This is the 3rd revised edition of the classic work Information Science in Theory and Practice. There is a completely new chapter on the "The Internet and Information Science." This will take up themes discussed in earlier chapters and reconsiders them in the light of the new information environment.

An examination of how and why certain books have become the most widely used reference works in American libraries. From Who's Who and World Book to Turabian's Manual, it explores the origins, influence and possible future for each of these works.