The Internet has had a profound impact on society in general and on the field of library and information science in particular. Since 1990, scholars and librarians have striven to utilize various Internet technologies to improve library and information services. Since that time, the literature on the Internet and its impact on and role in libraries and research has exploded. A simple keyword search in Library Literature and Information Index, a primary electronic index of library and information science research literature, retrieves over 6,500 items related to the Internet. The dominance of the Internet not only provides great opportunities for libraries to provide better services, but also poses tremendous challenges to librarians and library and information science scholars. This volume includes discussions of current issues and trends, written by scholars and practitioners in the fields of library and information science, computer science, and computer engineering.

Education for all can be more effectively provided through the services, programmes and activities of the school library tailored to the needs of the school community. This inspiring book can foster the school librarian's professional development for school library enhancement. It aims at providing amazing topics, methodologies, approaches and experiences. It presents projects and practices addressing the challenges of supporting basic literacy, including contexts where many children cannot or do not access formal instruction on a regular basis. These may inspire education authorities, public librarians and other cultural professionals who work closely with schools and communities.

Explore the vital links between technology and lifelong learning!
Get the real-life perspective of professionals at the intersection of old ways and new technology in this book written by and for librarians. Information Literacy Programs: Successes and Challenges provides you with the different viewpoints of librarians who have taken varying paths in their information literacy programs. You?ll learn about the roles of Web-based collaboration, teamwork with academic and administrative colleagues, evidence-based librarianship, and active learning strategies in library instruction programs. Information Literacy Programs can help you refresh your own teaching while opening your eyes to the many possible approaches to information literacy.
Helpful features you?ll find in Information Literacy Programs include: tips on connecting with technology-savvy ?Generation Y? principles for multi-campus collaboration guidelines for setting up a successful retreat for teaching librarians information about the benefits of interdisciplinary partnerships comprehensive bibliographies methods for assessing your current information literacy programs discussion of immersion programs for professional development

The perfect introduction to interlibrary loan Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery in the Larger Academic Library is primarily a practical handbook for library staff members who are new to interlibrary loan, the suggestions and resources it contains will also be valuable to experienced interlibrary loan staff. With the tremendous changes and innovative new technologies that have been introduced in the past few years, this essential book fills an urgent need in the library literature for an up-to-date interlibrary loan manual.Based upon the policies and procedures of the interlibrary loan department at Rice University in Houston, Texas, this handy desk reference provides a case study of an actual ILL department as well as general suggestions for organizing and operating a modern ILL department. Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery in the Larger Academic Library: A Guide for University, Research, and Larger Public Libraries provides you with: the latest, most up-to-date treatment of interlibrary loan available a patron's perspective on ILL--what users want and expect from ILL services an extensive list of resources for copyright information and updated information on copyright law as it applies to ILL an extensive list of interlibrary loan resources practical examples based on the real operation of an ILL department helpful appendices and flow charts of the ILL process an annotated bibliography and list of resources for further explorationDesigned primarily for librarians with little to no real practical experience in interlibrary loan, this book will educate readers about ILL and to provide a basic framework for evaluating an existing ILL operation or establishing a new one. It will also be a valuable reference for supervisors with responsibility for the ILL department, reference librarians, and experienced interlibrary loan librarians looking for expert, up-to-date information.

Human Language Technology (HLT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems have typically focused on the "factual" aspect of content analysis. Other aspects, including pragmatics, opinion, and style, have received much less attention. However, to achieve an adequate understanding of a text, these aspects cannot be ignored. The chapters in this book address the aspect of subjective opinion, which includes identifying different points of view, identifying different emotive dimensions, and classifying text by opinion. Various conceptual models and computational methods are presented. The models explored in this book include the following: distinguishing attitudes from simple factual assertions; distinguishing between the author's reports from reports of other people's opinions; and distinguishing between explicitly and implicitly stated attitudes. In addition, many applications are described that promise to benefit from the ability to understand attitudes and affect, including indexing and retrieval of documents by opinion; automatic question answering about opinions; analysis of sentiment in the media and in discussion groups about consumer products, political issues, etc. ; brand and reputation management; discovering and predicting consumer and voting trends; analyzing client discourse in therapy and counseling; determining relations between scientific texts by finding reasons for citations; generating more appropriate texts and making agents more believable; and creating writers' aids. The studies reported here are carried out on different languages such as English, French, Japanese, and Portuguese. Difficult challenges remain, however. It can be argued that analyzing attitude and affect in text is an "NLP"-complete problem.

This volume focuses on practical and empirical accounts of organizational change in the social sciences and impacts upon the professional skills, collections, and services within social science libraries. Section one focuses upon the question of interdisciplinary within social science libraries and the role of libraries to both react to and facilitate paradigm shifts in research and science. Section two focuses on the rise of data as a resource to be collected and shared within social science libraries. The third section focuses on the role of librarians to facilitate the development of social organizations that develop around new technologies and research communities. Changed role of librarians within social science libraries Describes new developments of social organizations Essential for librarians

High school students, teachers, community members, and leaders come together in this innovative book to share the profound influence of artmaking and justice- oriented work. Authors paint vibrant images of being empowered and engaging in social change. Throughout their art-based meaning making, authors pose critical questions and unlock possibilities. Their first-tellings regarding the power of art provide readers with a lens to understand how they navigate injustices they endure and ways in which artmaking is a vehicle for transformation. Their artmaking is a call for change. Authors emphasize how artmaking bridges relationships and brings diverse community members together with purpose. Together, they engage in new understandings of self and other. Authors identify how their arts-based collaborations publicly showcase their justice-oriented work, but more importantly, promote possibility and hope. Youth explore how artmaking plays a vital role in promoting collective efficacy and engaging diverse communities in social transformation. Artmaking mobilizes people. And once activated, these authors utilize their newly cultivated communities to foster justice-oriented work throughout schools and communities. Their justice-oriented artmaking affords community members opportunities to respond in new ways by embracing community strengths and students' lived experiences. This authentic collaboration empowers the artmaker and community to promote justice-oriented work and practices centered on diversity and inclusivity.

An essential one-volume guide to university libraries in Europe. * Provides extensive details of the central and other major libraries of European universities and, where appropriate, includes the libraries of attached institutes and research centres * Meticulously researched to provide the most up-to-date information * To ensure accuracy and reliability, information is provided by the libraries and institutions concerned * Contains almost 4,000 entries * Covers the libraries of some 800 universities, arranged alphabetically by country * Entries list full contact details, including e-mail and internet addresses, and names of chief librarians and other relevant staff * Other invaluable information includes: areas of specialization, opening hours, entitlement to use the library, the size and composition of library holdings, on-line subscriptions and details of libraries' own publications * Fully indexed for easy location of universities and their libraries.

Effective leadership and management are essential to a successful, thriving health sciences library, yet often librarians are promoted into leadership roles with little to no training and support. Then, swamped with the demands of their new positions, they struggle to find time to read multiple books on a leadership topic or attend long (and expensive) leadership training programs. Essential Leadership Skills: A Handbook for Health Sciences Information Professionals is intended to help fill that gap by making the accumulated wisdom of experienced leaders available in a concise, easy-to-digest format. Each chapter is written by an experienced library leader and provides essential background and practical, actionable advice on eleven essential leadership topics: the health sciences library environment; building relationships and engaging stakeholders; setting direction; building and leading the team; engaging your staff; leading with a focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion; planning and managing projects; managing change; decision-making and problem-solving; crisis leadership; and managing and taking care of yourself. Busy leaders and aspiring leaders can learn essential information about a leadership topic quickly, then explore cited and recommended resources as needed to build deeper expertise. While examples are focused on the unique needs and environments of health sciences libraries, much of the material will be useful to leaders in all types of libraries. Today’s libraries must navigate challenging and rapidly changing environments and compete for talent in a tight and highly competitive labor market. Effective and compassionate leadership is essential for libraries—and the people who work in them—to thrive in these conditions. Essential Leadership Skills: A Handbook for Health Sciences Information Professionals is designed to help aspiring, new, and experienced leaders develop the skills to build and sustain healthy, innovative, flexible, and resilient organizations and work environments that create value for their employees and the populations they serve.

Explore a compilation of reference service works by Charles A. Bunge, a leader in the field!This informative and delightful book highlights the contributions of Charles A. Bunge to the literature on reference service. From Past-Present to Future-Perfect: A Tribute to Charles A. Bunge and the Challenges of Contemporary Reference Service offers reference librarian professionals the reprints of selected articles by Charles Bunge, bibliographies of his published work, and original articles that draw on Bunge's values and ideas in assessing the present and shaping the future of reference service. Through this guide, you will explore four categories of Bunge's work, which include measuring the effectiveness of reference service, the reference environment, reference sources, and reflecting on the past and future of reference work. This important book will assist you in creating and maintaining an effective and ethical reference service that will help patrons find the materials they need. With From Past-Present to Future-Perfect, you will gain access to some of Bunge's most important articles on the reference environment. Some of the helpful reference service information you will examine includes: ways of putting joy back into reference work to counteract the situation of low morale among practicing reference librarians discussions on the challenge of continual learning for reference librarians and strategies for updating knowledge and skills understanding and organizational strategies for handling stress in the library workplace exploring the realm of an ethical reference practice and how a reference librarian should act or behave in providing reference services peer coaching programs for reference librarians to assist the learning and sharing of knowledge among colleagues organizing electronic reference sources assisting patrons with their reference questions using technology in the reference environmentThorough and comprehensive, this excellent resource explores the changes that have occurred in reference and information resources, and techniques for setting goals and objectives for your reference department. From Past-Present to Future-Perfect looks at the exciting and challenging world of reference librarianship and gives you valuable insights and ideas on how to improve and update your reference department.

This comprehensive, practical, and up-to-date guide will help the preservice and in-service library media specialist to develop an information services program to meet the changing curricular needs of high schools and to integrate information access and usage skills into the total school curriculum. Dana McDougald, head library media specialist of the Cedar Shoals High School Learning Resources Center, which received the 1993/94 Margaret Alexander Edwards Award from the ALA for its outstanding information services program, and Melvin Bowie, a specialist in training preservice media specialists, share their expertise and years of practical experience in this guide. It brings together information sources that are commonly used in secondary schools, including electronic resources, and proposes an effective model for services that should be provided by the media specialist. In addition, the authors offer guidelines for the development of a basic reference collection that is stable enough, and eclectic enough, to support the high school curriculum.

Chapter one provides practical suggestions for planning with teachers to ensure that students are given many opportunities to learn how to access and use information as an integral part of their coursework and in their personal and career development. Chapter two presents guidelines for selection of an effective print reference collection, recommends essential reference sources for a comprehensive high school, and discusses selection policies for instructional materials. Chapter three discusses selection of a library automation system to meet staff and student needs and the systems available from specific vendors. Chapter four discusses the use of CD-ROM technology, online services, and the Internet, and offers guidelines for selecting valuable electronic resources and services for the media center. Chapter five offers models and project ideas for integrating information skills into the curriculum and short lessons on the Internet. The final chapter offers models for developing an effective information services program and for evaluating the information service provided.

School library media specialists will find this concepts-based approach to teaching electronic literacy an indispensable basic tool for instructing students and teachers. It provides step-by-step instruction on how to find and evaluate needed information from electronic databases and the Internet, how to formulate successful electronic search strategies and retrieve relevant results, and how to interpret and critically analyze search results. The chapters contain a suggested lesson plan and sample assignments for the school library media specialist to use in teaching electronic literacy skills to students and teachers. Dr. Kathleen W. Craver, a nationally recognized specialist in technology in the library media center, identifies the universal concepts of electronic literacy and provides the library media specialist with the rationales, background, methods, and model assignments to teach students and faculty to become proficient and critical users of electronic information technologies. At the beginning of each chapter, Craver furnishes a rationale for change that school library media specialists can use to justify these essential modifications to their teaching curriculum. Chapters include: The Structure of Electronic Information; The Common Vocabulary and Characteristics of Electronic Resources; Formulating Electronic Search Strategies; The Physical Arrangement of Information; Choosing Appropriate On-Site and Remote Electronic Libraries; Choosing Appropriate Electronic Databases; Internet Search Tools and Techniques; Identifying Electronic Resources; On-Site Electronic Records Access; Using Primary Electronic Resources; and Evaluating Electronic Sources. The Appendix contains a listof principal vendors. A glossary of terms and a bibliography of suggested reading complete the work. This basic teaching guide provides the media specialist with all the tools necessary to help novice users to be successful and avoid the frustration of electronic database searching and retrieval.

"The Public Library Service: IFLA/UNESCO Guidelines for Development" have been framed to provide assistance to librarians in any situation to develop an effective public library service meeting the needs of their local community.

Philip Gill, Chair of the IFLA Working Group which prepared these new guidelines, said: "The publication of these new IFLA/UNESCO Guidelines for Public Libraries, following wide consultation, present librarians worldwide with standards and guidelines which will help them develop public libraries relevant to the information age. In this exciting and complex information world, it is vitally important for those in search of knowledge, information and creative... experience that they succeed. I believe that these guidelines will help public librarians around the world meet that challenge."

Inclusion of examples of provision from around the world provides snapshots of what is happening in public libraries in many different countries and a glimpse of imaginative solutions to specific challenges.

These guidelines are essential reading for everyone involved in the provision of public libraries and will become an invaluable reference tool for public library development and planning.

Managing Change in Academic Libraries helps academic librarians plan, implement, and manage changes to the fundamental structure of their organizations. It shows readers that in academic libraries the two driving forces behind most change are economics and technology. Declines in funding for education and in the purchasing power of libraries have made it impossible to maintain the status quo, let alone realize growth, in traditional information services and collection development. Add to this downward trend in library economics, the explosion of new information technology and its potential for radically altering communications and knowledge management, and one has the ingredients for some amazing changes in libraries.To help manage these many changes, chapters in Managing Change in Academic Libraries approach change with a mixture of radical and rational ideas. Readers learn academic librarians'views on dealing with change as they read about: an environmental scan which identifies both internal and external forces that are increasing the amount and scope of change in academic libraries technological change and its impact in academic libraries the academic library director 's role as an agent of change how two large library systems managed to change in some very fundamental ways when faced with serious economic and political challenges difficult personnel issues faced by academic libraries as they move into new organizational structures and adopt new management styles the future of traditional reference services in light of rapid developments in computing and networking how to change bibliographic control to better serve the changing expectations and needs of user communities conducting a restructuring study and recommendations for organizational change in a large research library systemEach chapter shows academic librarians how they can respond imaginatively and nimbly to economic, political, and technological change that envelopes their professional work life. Academic librarians will refer to Managing Change in Academic Libraries again and again as a survival tool as they meet with challenging and unpredictable changes.

The Economics of Access Versus Ownership offers library professionals a model economic analysis of providing access to journal articles through interlibrary loan as compared to library subscriptions to the journals. This model enables library directors to do an economic analysis of interlibrary loan and collection development in their own libraries and to then make cost-efficient decisions about the use of these services.This practical book s analysis and conclusions are based on 1994/95 academic year research conducted by the State University of New York libraries at Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, and Stony Brook. The research determined the costs and benefits of high-priced, low-use scholarly journals, focusing on journals in the mathematics and sciences that historically have high prices, low levels of use, and increasing rates of price escalation. The libraries'financial costs of access by interlibrary loan versus journal subscriptions was calculated and, using this information, a set of decision rules was established. Library directors and interlibrary loan/collection development heads can use this set of decision rules to determine, based on the level of use and subscription price, whether they should provide access to journal articles via interlibrary loan or journal subscriptions.The research findings presented in The Economics of Access Versus Ownership are significant to library professionals as journal subscription prices escalate and commercial document delivery services, consortium agreements, and interlibrary loan hardware and software proliferate. Contributors explore important factors necessary to understanding the economics of access. They encourage readers to consider the following when choosing between journal subscriptions and interlibrary loan: financial costs fixed and marginal costs decision rules which determine the most economically efficient method of access the use of a library consortium and joint collection development within the consortium as an economically efficient method of access added benefits of a library consortiumInformation found in The Economics of Access Versus Ownership makes it a useful guide for university and college library directors, interlibrary loan department heads, and collection development heads trying to choose the most economically sound, both for their libraries and their patrons, form of access to journal articles.

New recognition within society of previously unserved populations has created the need for librarians to also recognize these groups and to find ways to serve them equally. Reference Services for the Unserved provides information, guidance, and inspiration to library professionals in their work with previously unserved populations so that these persons may be absorbed into the larger, served population groups. It helps librarians adjust to making accommodations for these new user groups, recognizing that many people in these populations have very specific needs and bring with them some specific limitations in their abilities to take advantage of existing library services. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has transformed the lives of disabled and challenged people by mainstreaming disabled children in public schools, moving mentally and developmentally disabled people into community-based residences and workshops, providing services to disabled college students, and enhancing workplace accommodations. At the same time, the ADA has presented new challenges for the library community. Reference Services for the Unserved guides library professionals in meeting these new challenges by bringing together research and descriptions of several successful attempts to meet the information needs of previously unserved populations. In guiding library professionals and administrators in effectively serving currently unserved populations, authors in Reference Services for the Unserved tell readers how to: approach services for patrons with mental illness--examines issues of behavior "inappropriate in the situation" and ways for librarians to understand this behavior in order to carry out their professional objectives of providing access to information, improving quality of life, and meeting the legal mandates of the ADA. address the needs of disabled students in the academic library--recognizes that the information needs of disabled students are not different from those of traditional students; the differences are in means of access, overcoming barriers to access, and the need for adaptive technologies and techniques. meet the information needs of battered women--suggests ways library professionals can better assist individual battered women, social service providers, and public policy or decision-makers. integrate technology into the library setting--focuses on people with severe and persistent mental illness (the improvement of access to information sources on behalf of people with cognitive disorders whose ability to process text-based information is impaired) and reports on the use of computer-aided instruction (CAI) and multimedia technology to meet their information needs. develop or upgrade services to patrons with special needs--a bibliography of useful material for guidance.Combined with strong administrative support, the information in Reference Services for the Unserved provides a strong foundation for making positive and effective changes to better accommodate disabled and challenged patrons. Library professionals and administrators and students of library and information sciences will find it a necessary guide in their attempts to provide effective and quality services to all patrons.

While academic libraries have much to offer the data science (DS) landscape emerging at academic research institutions, they are often overlooked in terms of partnerships beyond providing space for data science activities. The editors conducted a broad environmental scan of over 60 institutions, collecting information from publicly available online sources to identify trends and establish familiarity with baseline services offered to support campus DS efforts. Although some academic libraries are collaborating in specific ways at a small subset of institutions, based on the environmental scan, it was clear how much untapped potential there is for developing partnerships. The authors also conducted a series of interviews with library counterparts at six exemplar institutions to gain insight in how these institutions are building connections between library staff and data science efforts across campus. As Library and Information Science roles continue to evolve to be more data-centric and interdisciplinary and research using a variety of data types continues to proliferate, it is imperative to further explore the dynamics between libraries and the data science ecosystems in which they are a part. This book provides both a foundational base of knowledge around data science and explore numerous ways academicians can reskill their staff, engage in the research enterprise, contribute to curriculum development, and help build a stronger ecosystem where libraries are part and parcel of data science. This book is a valuable resource for academic library institutions who are currently engaged or are formulating their strategy for engaging in data science. From Schools of Library & Information Science to library systems, this book will address how to reskill information professionals, integrate information science expertise in digital humanities, engage in curriculum design/integration, and will highlight international efforts in the evolving area of data science. Library and Information Science (LIS) schools can use this book as a text in helping students understand how the evolving area of data science intersects with LIS and how libraries which are central to the teaching and research mission of academic institutions, afford numerous opportunities for graduates and practitioners to research, work with, and partner on data science initiatives.

Gain an in-depth understanding of changes in technical services that have taken place over a quarter century and look at future trends and changes that may occur. Technical Services Management surveys and analyzes technical services in libraries from 1965 to 1990, a formative period and one of great change in library operations. The book also identifies trends that continue to impact technical services operations in libraries today. Readers gain a comprehensive knowledge of where the field has been and where it is now to help them plan and prepare more effectively for the future.Most chapters are historical, combined with a firm grasp of the present and a glimpse or more at the future. They are grouped to reflect the various aspects of technical services. Trends in technical services are considered in chapters on the development of technical services literature and the major changes in technical services in school libraries. Chapters on the major subdivisions within technical services--acquisitions and collection development, cataloging, and preservation--trace changes in library operations and the impact of automation. Issues in catalog design are explored in chapters on the emergence of online public access catalogs, bibliographic utilities, and approaches to authority control. Efforts to improve subject access are addressed through chapters on subject cataloging, the Dewey Decimal Classification, and indexing in the U.S. and Great Britain. To keep pace with changes in technical services, changes in professional education and development are needed as documented in chapters on cataloging education, continuing education in technical services, and the role of professional organizations. The final chapter outlines new challenges in the future and new roles for librarians in an electronic environment.Effective planning for the future includes learning about the past. Technical Services Management, 1965--1990 is a vital resource for library historians, library educators, technical services librarians, and graduate students in library and information science who need to know "how things were" in order to see more clearly "how things will be."

Online Instruction: A Practical Guide for Librarians provides an overview of online instruction, teaching, and programming in all types of libraries. It features actionable steps for starting and improving online programs. Starting with the history of online instruction and moving into creating a personal pedagogy, establishing organizational policies and procedures, and tips for general programming, author Emily Mroczek features specific examples from librarians to help readers find their way in the digital world. Public librarians, school librarians, and special librarians are featured with experiences and tips that can be modified and applied to any library setting. Ideas exist to help librarians learn from successes and mistakes and establish an engaged and productive online learning community. Mroczek identifies the pros and cons of different options available for online instructions, tips and tricks for engaging various audiences and strategies for hybrid learning. Technical tips include pros and cons of various online platforms and streaming services, an in-depth look at Zoom and a guide to evaluate and recommend specific digital resources in categories from content curation to games to calendars and scheduling. Guidelines for navigating copyright law and staying up-to-date with accessibility standards serve as an educational starting point for librarians, managers, and program designers. As technology, online instruction, and librarianship continue to evolve, this book will help librarians navigate the ever-changing functions and offer better instruction for their communities.

Improve the delivery of library services by implementing total quality management (TQM), a system of continuous improvement employing participative management and centered on the needs of customers. Although TQM was originally designed for and successfully applied in business and manufacturing settings, this groundbreaking volume introduces strategies for translating TQM principles from the profit-based manufacturing sector to the library setting. Integrating Total Quality Management in a Library Setting shows librarians how to improve library services by implementing strategies such as employee involvement and training, problem-solving teams, statistical methods, long-term goals and thinking, and an overall recognition that the system (not the staff) is responsible for most inefficiencies.Total Quality Management in a Library Setting describes the principles of TQM, its origins, and the potential benefits and barriers to be expected when adopting quality management approaches in libraries. Chapters provide guidelines for planning and implementation to help libraries use total quality management to break down interdepartmental barriers and work on continuously improving library services. The contributors, who have begun to think about using or who are already using TQM in a library setting, present specific planning and implementation issues that can be put to immediate use in libraries. With this innovative book, library managers will learn that by working together on problem solving teams to address specific operational questions, and by developing a shared knowledge of problem-solving tools and techniques, staff members grow personally and gain a larger sense of organizational purpose. Other TQM methods introduced in this book include the concept of the internal customer, which teaches staff to recognize how other staff members use the results of their work, and the principle of continuous improvement, which enables libraries to set measurable goals based on quantitative performance indicators, and to monitor progress toward those goals.

American Music Librarianship is a biographical and historical review of the musical situation in American libraries from its roots in the late 19th century to the 1980s. Beginning with the period from 1854-55 when the Boston Public Library began to buy music for its collections, Bradley tracks the development of the Music Division in the Library of Congress under the guidance of chief librarian Oscar Senneck.

The opening section examines the professional careers of America's first music librarians and the subsequent development of music libraries, taken from information provided in their papers; documentation in their libraries; and from oral interviews with the librarians, their spouses and their successors. In the second and third sections, Bradley covers the librarians involved in the formulation of classification schemes and rules for cataloguing. The fourth section covers the colleagues of these pioneer librarians who are noteworthy for their own efforts on behalf of music in American libraries. The Music Library Association is reviewed in the final section, from its inception in 1931 through the activities of its professionals, to current goals. The book's appendices include tables and plates illustrative of various aspects discussed in the body of the book. A detailed index comprehends personal names, names of libraries, titles of publications, concepts and subjects. This book is a source book for all music libraries and librarians, school libraries, and music research collections.

This is an original and scholarly study of the role of books and libraries in British prisons during the period of penal reforms between 1700 and 1911. Janet Fyfe discusses the role of groups and individuals who advanced the ideology of reform as well as those who were actively engaged in bringing reading material into the jails and prisons of Great Britain. Perhaps Fyfe's most valuable contribution to the field is her rich bibliography of primary sources; these include a wealth of official reports, government publications, books and pamphlets spanning the two centuries covered in her investigation of prison libraries. She examines the extent that different penal institutions and systems--including not only local jails and national prisons but also convict settlements and the hulks--came to adopt the use of books and libraries and their rationales for doing so. The author documents in detail how prison library services were organized, how they were administered and funded, how books were selected, and what consideration was given to the preference of inmates.