PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ARE THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AFTER HEART DISEASE AND CANCER. In his latest ground-breaking book, Peter C Gotzsche exposes the pharmaceutical industries and their charade of fraudulent behaviour, both in research and marketing where the morally repugnant disregard for human lives is the norm. He convincingly draws close comparisons with the tobacco conglomerates, revealing the extraordinary truth behind efforts to confuse and distract the public and their politicians. The book addresses, in evidence-based detail, an extraordinary system failure caused by widespread crime, corruption, bribery and impotent drug regulation in need of radical reforms. "The main reason we take so many drugs is that drug companies don't sell drugs, they sell lies about drugs. This is what makes drugs so different from anything else in life...Virtually everything we know about drugs is what the companies have chosen to tell us and our doctors...the reason patients trust their medicine is that they extrapolate the trust they have in their doctors into the medicines they prescribe. The patients don't realise that, although their doctors may know a lot about diseases and human physiology and psychology, they know very, very little about drugs that hasn't been carefully concocted and dressed up by the drug industry...If you don't think the system is out of control, please email me and explain why drugs are the third leading cause of death...If such a hugely lethal epidemic had been caused by a new bacterium or a virus, or even one-hundredth of it, we would have done everything we could to get it under control." FROM THE INTRODUCTION

This book analyses the determining factors behind productivity and innovation amongst Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Singapore, and within the context of South East Asia, in order to offer recommendations for increasing productivity and aiding economic growth. SME firms are an influential driver of economic growth in advanced world economies like the USA, Germany, Japan and South Korea. Throughout the 2000s, Singapore experienced a decline in economic growth which was linked to decreasing productivity in its SMEs. The decline triggered a transformational policy by a Government intent on forging a 'high skill-high productivity' future. Given substantial evidence that low productivity growth occurred in sectors where immigrants dominated the workforce, the seeds of recovery focused on improving productivity and innovation amongst SMEs in those sectors. Hence, this book investigates the factors determining productivity amongst SMEs across the manufacturing sector. It utilises personal interviews with global experts and CEOs, combined with primary data collected from a major international Delphi survey, and interviews with 215 SME owners and managers in Singapore. This data helps us to better understand how these productivity-enhancing factors can be used to increase performance amongst SMEs. By investigating the nature and process of total factor productivity in Singapore's SMEs, this book tells the policy story behind the revolution. To provide a comparative analysis, Singapore's story is placed within a South East Asian context. The unfolding narrative contains important lessons for policy makers and industry globally, as they assess the strategic choices available to them for improving productivity and innovation. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of innovation and productivity, as well as economic development officers, government policy advisors, SME business managers and sustainable businesses.

This book examines the U.S. pulp and paper industry between 1900 and 1940, the period when pulp and paper production relocated from the North to the South and the West. This relocation was one of the most influential shifts in industrial production in the 20th century, ranking second in extent of out-migration only to the exit of the cotton textile industry in roughly the same period. This study focuses on the reason for the shift, with an emphasis on the interrelationships among firm location, industrial structure, vertical integration, and firm survival and growth. The work opens with an introductory summary of the economic background of the industry during the period and, then, provides a more detailed description of economic trends in pulp and paper production from 1900 to 1940. Chapter 3 analyzes the relocation of pulp and paper production to the South and the Pacific Coast. Chapter 4 discusses the structure of the industry in light of modern industrial organization theory. The vertical integration of pulp and paper production is covered in chapters 5 and 6, and chapter 7 analyzes mill survival and growth. The final chapter reviews the study's major findings. The book will be of interest to economic historians, industrial economists, and students of economic geography, development economics, and regional economics.

Fish is often the cheapest form of animal protein, and small-scale fisheries play an important role in rural communities by providing this vital source of nutrition. It is also a highly perishable commodity, and so must be processed to inhibit deterioration. This can be done on a small scale by smoking, drying, salting and fermentation.

By the year 2000, annual sales of computer products to China may well reach $15-18 billion, making China one of the largest computer markets in the world. At the same time, China's own computer industry is expected to become world-class and internationally competitive. How this will come about, the market and economic trends that are presently developing, and the opportunities they present for Western businesses are explored here by two insiders, offering not only useful analysis but hands-on guidance to the ways in which China's computer market works. With an appendix listing more than 500 of the most important Chinese computer companies, industrial and professional organizations, and related consulting and law firms, the book will be essential reading for computer industry management and top sales executives, and for investment bankers and others with important stakes in the China market.

China's computer market is not easy to enter. The key to doing so, according to the authors, is to understand not only China's unique historical, cultural, and environmental factors that condition the way business is done there, but the way Chinese businesspeople think and act. China is a low-income and transitional economy, much different from Japanese and other Asian economies, and incentives and price structures are distorted and the rules of the game are not clearly written. The legal infrastructure is incomplete, and laws are not rigorously enforced. Using the latest data available only from local Chinese sources, Zhang and Wang dissect the Chinese computer market in terms that Westerners can understand and relate to: its opportunities, but also its risks. Academics teaching and studying international business, marketing, and investment will also benefit from the authors' insights.

Neoliberals often point to improvements in public health and nutrition as examples of globalisation's success, but this book argues that the corporate food and medicine industries are destroying environments and ruining living conditions across the world. Scientist Stan Cox expertly draws out the strong link between Western big business and environmental destruction. This is a shocking account of the huge damage that drug manufacturers and large food corporations are inflicting on the health of people and crops worldwide. Companies discussed include Wal-Mart, GlaxoSmithKline, Tyson Foods and Monsanto. On issues ranging from the poisoning of water supplies in South Asia to natural gas depletion and how it threatens global food supplies, Cox shows how the demand for profits is always put above the public interest. While individual efforts to 'shop for a better world' and conserve energy are laudable, Cox explains that they need to be accompanied by an economic system that is grounded in ecological sustainability if we are to find a cure for our Sick Planet.

Divided into three basic sections, this unique resource provides an understandable and implementable approach to inserting Lean in a manufacturing operation, pointing out the stumbling blocks and pitfalls to avoid. Its goal is to to help American manufacturing more effectively go about the task of making Lean a viable process. The significance of the work is that, if followed, it could change the entire course of how Lean Manufacturing is implemented in the United States and help manufacturing, in general, to become more competitive on a world wide scale. The first section addresses the typical difficulties that manufacturing operations in the United States have with the implementation of Lean Manufacturing - pointing to three basic issues which if addressed and resolved, would serve to move the process forward in a much more rapid and effective manner. The second section focuses on how to fully resolve the issues noted and details four levels of Lean Implementation and how they can be measured, in terms of progress. The third section deals with the more advanced aspects of Lean Manufacturing, including such things as how to engage administrative and supporting functions in the process (Accounting, Materials, Sales and Marketing, etc.); How and why to perform a Core Process Analysis (in order to decide which processes should be considered for outsourcing); How to incorporate "Owner-Operators" in the process; the importance of 18 month rolling implementation plan and more. It is sure to be found useful by high level manufacturing executives and leadership at a factory level, as well as students in a Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering curriculum. Provides readers with a clear path to inserting Lean in a manufacturing operation and a step by step approach to getting there. Includes numerous charts, graphs and window diagrams associated with the "how to" - along with specific training, schedules. Offers some unique insight into where Toyota placed a very important focus verses what is typically understood and/or accepted as the general path of implementation it took. Contains a list of important "Key Reflections" at the end of each chapter. Introduction The Basic Flaws and Misconceptions About Lean As a Plant's Equipment Goes, so Goes Lean Accepting the Need for Change Setting the Stage Examining Level One Lean in Closer Detail Putting It All Together and Making It Happen The Search for Greatness

The process of development in recent times has been characteristically marked by the expanding reach of multinational enterprises, flows of foreign direct investment, unprecedented growth of information and communication technologies (ICT) and knowledge-based industries, and infusion of ICT across the entire spectrum of industries and activities. High-tech knowledge-based industries like information technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and so on have played an important role in the transition of Chinese and Indian economies the two largest and fastest growing economies.

This inter-disciplinary book offers an in-depth understanding of the behaviour of firms in these industries, analysing the strategies they adopt in a globally competitive environment, the role they have played in ushering in the growth revolution in China and India, and the contribution they have made to the nature and growth of employment. This study also dwells upon the emerging nature of scientific and technological developments like nanotechnology, novel materials, spintronics and quantum computers, with the conclusion that in the future, knowledge and technology are going to be the real sources of wealth for nations.

With the establishment of new international standards for environmental management systems (EMS), many managers are faced with the daunting and often bewildering task of creating management systems that enable their companies to conform to these standards. In their haste and confusion, however, many companies implement bureaucratic, ineffective systems that add no real value to their businesses.

The ISO 14001 Implementation Guide: Creating an Integrated Management System shows you how to use the ISO 14001 standard to improve your company's productivity and profitability while meeting registration requirements. Using a practical, business-oriented approach, this authoritative book details the background and development of the ISO 14000 series of standards, fully explains the requirements of 14001, and offers hands-on guidance on how to implement an effective EMS. It highlights common but costly mistakes, and leads you step-by-step through the creation of an EMS that will result in a more competitive business as well as a cleaner environment.

Suzan L. Jackson draws on her experience as an ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 consultant and trainer and as a member of the U.S. Technical Advisory Group to ISO Technical Committee 207, which is developing the ISO 14000 environmental management standards. With her insider's perspective, Jackson demonstrates how the implementation of a cohesive, well-defined management system helps cut costs, increase efficiency, and focus energies. In addition, she provides insights into ways of successfully integrating ISO 9000, ISO 14001, and other management systems.

The ISO 14001 Implementation Guide provides a wealth of proven tips, techniques, and tools that help ensure smooth, trouble-free, and efficient EMS implementation, including critical success factors, flowcharts for setting up the elements of an environmental management system, helpful tips, and advice for avoiding common pitfalls.

With its timely, straightforward, and on-target advice, The ISO 14001 Implementation Guide is the definitive, practical guide for environmental and quality professionals and managers who need to develop an environmental management system that will improve business as well as meet the ISO 14001 standard.

"An excellent, and very readable workbook on how to integrate management systems into an organization. ISO 14001 will be an important, but difficult, step into the future for much of U.S. industry—this book should be close at hand for those taking that step."—Dorothy P. Bowers, Vice President, Environmental and Safety Policy , Merck & Co., Inc.

"Suzan Jackson's book provides vital guidance and answers. . . . Her book can be quite helpful to those who are considering establishing a new environmental management system, or those who just want a better understanding of ISO 14001."—John Master, Former Director, Environmental, Health and Safety , ARCO Chemical Co.

"A remarkably easy-to-read, highly authoritative guide to a very complex standard. Suzan Jackson shows us how environmental management and business ,improvement are no longer mutually exclusive goals." —Robin Gildersleeve, President, INFORM (International Forum for Management Systems, Inc.)

Written by a recognized ISO expert and member of the U.S. Technical Advisory Group to ISO Technical Committee 207, which is preparing the ISO 14000 environmental management standard, this invaluable guide shows you how to:

• Learn to use an environmental management system to improve the overall effectiveness and profitability of the company.
• Meet the requirements of ISO 14001.
• Develop and implement a cohesive, well-defined environmental management system.
• Integrate an EMS with other management systems.
• Formulate an environmental policy and draw up strategic plans and objectives for your company.
• Monitor and measure the effectiveness of the system, keep records, and take preventive and corrective action.

The relationship between trade policy and economic performance is one of the oldest controversies in economic development. In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in the debate on the implications of trade reforms for productivity growth and domestic pricing behaviour due in part to the current phase of wide-spread trade liberalisation in developing countries and in part to developments in economic theory, notably endogenous growth theories and theories of imperfect competition. Also, there has been considerable interest in whether trade reforms can lead to higher wage inequality and regional inequality in developing countries. Both in academic and policy arenas the interest in international trade as a powerful positive force for reducing poverty in low-income countries has increased. In this book, the author examines the implications of trade reforms with specific reference to the Indian manufacturing sector. In particular, it explores the evolution of regional and wage inequality, employment, productivity and prices from the import substitution phase of the 1970s to the period of radical reforms of the 1990s. The strength of the book is the careful and systematic examination of the various aspects of the trade-development nexus using rigorous empirical methods and a detailed data-set of Indian industries from 1975 to 2000. Economists in general and South Asian scholars in particular will find this thorough study interesting and useful.

This edited volume evaluates recent EU quality policy, focusing on the structure, governance, technical specifications and performances - economic, environmental and social - of Food Quality Schemes (FQS) in the European Union and South East Asia. The intended benefits of FQS include generating a fair return for farmers and producers, and enabling consumers to make better-informed purchasing choices through effective labeling. In addition, policy makers now consider FQS as a means of guaranteeing not only quality in food production, but also sustainability. Despite these potential benefits, the economic performance of the FQS (e.g. PDO, PGI, organic) has been variable. While some support significant value-added production, with substantial benefits to producers, consumers and wider economies, many others have failed to become economically sustainable. In addition, the environmental and social performance of FQS remains largely unexamined, with the exception of the environmental performance of organic products. The editors examine these discrepancies and offer a nuanced evaluation of the effectiveness of such policies. Several unique features make this volume a key resource for those interested in FQS and in the sustainability of food products. The editors provide a concise description of the value chain, the governance and the technical specifications of 27 FQS in Europe and South East Asia. The editors also provide a sustainability assessment of each of these FQS, and support or question the view that FQS are moving from "quality" to "sustainability." Finally, the volume serves as a repository of key data on these FQS. Readers have access to the raw data necessary to compute the indicators used in the sustainability assessment (eg. value added, number of jobs, quantity of fertilizers, etc), allowing them to conduct novel re-analysis. The book is designed for an interdisciplinary audience of academics, policy makers, and stakeholders. The compilation of FQS case studies makes it a useful reference for researchers and students of food policy, geography, food anthropology, local and rural development, local agri-food systems and agri-food chains. Stakeholders such as national and European regulators, entities responsible for FQS technical specifications, and embassy staff will also find the information relevant. Additionally, individuals helping to implement food quality schemes, including auditors, producers, and consumer associates, as well as stakeholders in the sustainability of food products, including farmers, farmer's associations, and environmental NGOs, will also find the information relevant and important for their work.

Encompassing the full spectrum of project management s role and responsibility encountered in the pharmaceutical industry, Pharmaceutical Project Management outlines the key objectives, risks, and challenges of each stage of the pharmaceutical lifecycle, from discovery and preclinical phases through clinical development, manufacturing, registration, and launch.

New updated material includes:

• expert recommendations and informative articles on decision-making
• planning principles and planning systems
• management of subcontracted development
• manufacturing project management
• team leadership and skill sets
• drug development strategies

It covers primary project management objectives, functions, and descriptions of the nature and execution of work activities in a clear and reader-friendly format to illustrate key characteristics and objectives, assist managers in projecting the risks and challenges of each development option, and supply concise recommendations for successful project planning.

The Future of Work in Asia and Beyond presents the findings and associated implications arising from a collaborative research study conducted on the potential impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR - or Industry 4.0) on the labour markets, occupations and associated future workforce competencies and skills across ten countries. The 4IR concerns the digital transformation in society and business - an interface between technologies in the physical, digital and biological disciplines. The book explores many related issues: the nature of the 4IR, as well as demographic, generational and socio-cultural issues, economic and political perspectives, public and private sector similarities and differences, business strategy and managerial implications, human resource management/planning strategies, policies and practices, industry innovations, 'best practice' cases and comparative country studies. Chapters are based on a framework which combines labour market and multiple stakeholder theories. Issues are explored through the perceptions of organisational managers based in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nepal, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand to provide an analysis of organisational, industry and government preparedness for the 4IR. This book is recommended reading for anyone wanting to gain an understanding of the 4IR and a range of related challenges and issues, as well as suggested strategies for governments, education and industry that are necessary to address them.

This reference text discusses fundamentals, classification, principles, applications of additive and subtractive manufacturing processes in a single volume. The text discusses 3D printing techniques with the help of practical case studies, covers rapid tooling using microwave sintering and ultrasonic assisted sintering process, and covers different hybrid manufacturing techniques like cryo-MQL, and textured cutting inserts. It covers important topics including green manufacturing, ultrasonic assisted machining, electro thermal based non-conventional machining processes, metal based additive manufacturing, LASER based additive manufacturing, indirect rapid tooling, and polymer based additive manufacturing. The book: Discusses additive and subtractive manufacturing processes in detail Covers hybrid manufacturing processes Provides life cycle analysis of conventional machining Discusses biomedical and industrial applications of additive manufacturing The text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in areas including industrial and manufacturing engineering, mechanical engineering, and production engineering. Discussing the sustainability aspects of conventional machining in reducing carbon footprint of machining by adopting different hybrid and non-conventional machining processes, this text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in areas including industrial and manufacturing engineering, mechanical engineering, and production engineering.

Freeze-drying, in the past popular in the food industry, has more recently been adopted by the pharmaceutical industry as a standard method for the production of stable solid preparations. Freeze-drying of Pharmaceuticals and Biopharmaceuticals is the first book to specifically describe this process, as related to the pharmaceutical industry. The emphasis of this book is on the properties of the materials processed, how effective formulations are arrived at, and how they are stored and marketed. Beginning with a historical overview of the process, Freeze-drying of Pharmaceuticals and Biopharmaceuticals briefly describes the processes and equipment involved, including: the physics, chemistry and biochemistry associated with freezing, aspects of formulation development, primary and secondary drying; the economics and engineering of scaling up; and, most importantly, attributes of the dried product. It also discusses in detail the science behind freeze-drying, such as the properties of crystalline and amorphous solids. The book concludes with selected case studies and discusses the future of freeze-drying, advances in alternative drying methods, and concludes with an extensive bibliography. This book, written by a leading expert in the field, is aimed primarily at product and process developers in the biopharmaceutical industry and academia.

Through the rise and fall of empires, ideologies, and economies, tobacco grown on the tiny island of Cuba has remained an enduring symbol of pleasure and extravagance. Cultivated as one of the first reliable commodities for those inhabitants who remained after conquistadors moved on in search of a mythical wellspring of gold, tobacco quickly became crucial to the support of the swelling Spanish Empire in the 17th seventeenth and 18th eighteenth centuries. Eventually, however, tobacco became one of the final stabilizing forces in the empire, and it ultimately proved more resilient than the best laid plans of kings and queens. Tobacco, and those whose livelihoods depended on it, shrugged off the Empire's collapse and pressed on into the twentieth20th century as an economic force any state or political power must reckon with.

Cosner explores the history of this golden leaf through the personal narratives of farmers, bureaucrats, and laborers, all struggling to build an independent and lucrative economic engine. Through conquest, rebellion, colonial and imperial schemes, and the eventual Communist revolution, Cuban tobacco and cigars became a luxury item that commanded commanded loyalty that defied mere borders or embargoes. Ultimately, "The Golden Leaf " is a story of two carefully cultivated products: Cuban tobacco, and its lofty reputation.

This work examines the roles that American businesses and photojournalists played in the early overseas marketing of the Japanese??????built Nikon camera and its Nikkor optics between 1946 and 1951. Particular attention is paid to the San Francisco??????based Overseas Finance and Trading Company, which was the major U.S. importer of Nikon products between 1949 and 1953. The work also details the roles of Overseas Finance leaders Hans Liholm and Adolph Gasser in providing marketing and technical guidance to Nikon in the company's formative years.

On economies of scale during the nineteenth century, much is assumed, but little is known. This study, first published in 1985, seeks to close this gap in our knowledge by providing comprehensive empirical evidence on the status of economies of scale in mid-nineteenth century manufacturing industry. This evidence is in the form of production function estimates made using data from the manuscripts of the federal censuses of manufacturing for 1850, 1860 and 1870.

The Silicon Dragon is a systematic study of the growth of high-tech giants in the Greater China Region, depicting the success story of the microelectronics industry in Taiwan. Literature and studies on Taiwan's success are surprisingly limited, and this book aims to fill this gap, addressing questions such as: How has Taiwan achieved such an outstanding performance in the information industry? How did Taiwan obtain and maintain its competitive advantage? What was the secret of success? What role did the government and manufacturers play during the development process? What insights can newcomers gain from these achievements? The book examines the government policies that acted as catalysts to the growth of high-tech industries in Taiwan, along with the roles of high-tech 'incubators' and government-administered science parks. The authors provide case studies of high profile companies including Acer, Philips Semiconductors and Macronix International, and interviews with key decision makers to highlight the corporate strategies adopted in response to government policies and global commercial demand. Finally, insightful narratives on the birth and growth of a government-fostered strategic industry are provided, as is a synopsis of the Asian contribution to the evolution of the global microelectronics development. This book will strongly appeal to academics, researchers and students with an interest in engineering, technology and business management. Business managers and government officials will also find much to interest them in this book.

This study focuses on fifty years of evolution in the tobacco industry from the vantage point of the strategic actions taken by its member firms in response to the anti-smoking environment. It details the growth of the industry from a collection of old-style single-brand companies to its modern status as a strategic group of diversified multi-brand competitors. The work of management guru Michael Porter provides the framework for the study. The strategic choices made by the six companies are examined in light of Porter's management theories by focusing on the firms' attempts at both product and market diversification. The book is a timely and instructive overview of an industry successfully operating in an increasingly hostile business and social environment.

History is replete with examples of one political system replacing another, one scientific discovery invalidating another - and this cycle has occurred repeatedly in the production of goods and products for society. This book, first published in 1998, examines the massive transition currently taking place: the decline of the system of mass manufacturing. Various global changes in American business and manufacturing have forced a review of accepted thinking, and this book is a key text in this evaluation.

Despite increasing academic interest in both the study of masculinity and the history of consumption, there are still few published studies that bring together both concerns. By investigating the changing nature of the retailing of menswear, this book illuminates wider aspects of masculine identity as well as patterns of male consumption between the years 1880 and 1939. While previous historical studies of masculinity have focused overwhelmingly on the moral, spiritual and physical characteristics associated with notions of 'manliness', this book considers the relationship between men and activities which were widely considered to be at least potentially 'unmanly' - selling, as well as buying clothes - thus shedding new light on men's lives and identities in this period.

'A gripping blockbuster ... Thomas researches meticulously and writes with simmering even-handed anger' TELEGRAPH.

Fashionopolis is the definitive book on the cost of fast fashion, and a blueprint for how we get to a more sustainable future.

Fashion has blighted our planet.

Today, one out of six people on earth work in fashion, churning out 100 billion garments a year. Yet 98 percent of them do not earn a living wage, and 2.1 billion tonnes of clothing is thrown away annually. The clothing industry's exploitation of fellow humans and the environment has reached epic levels. What should we do?

Bestselling author and veteran journalist Dana Thomas has travelled the globe to find the answers. In Fashionopolis, she details the damage wrought by fashion's behemoths, and celebrates the visionaries including activists, artisans, designers, and tech entrepreneurs fighting for change.

We all have been casual about our clothes. It's time to get dressed with intention. Fashionopolis is the first comprehensive look at how to start.

This title was first published in 2003. Presenting information is a vital part of the job of both the medical director and other senior executives in the pharmaceutical industry, and yet the majority receive no training for this. Presentations have to be made internally to colleagues, clinical staff, marketing and product managers and medical sales representatives; and externally to professional medical specialists and NHS staff, the media and the general public. Anyone who manages or communicates adverse news needs to do so quickly and effectively, and be prepared to face difficult questions under media scrutiny. In this book, John Lidstone, an author acknowledged by the industry as an expert in marketing and presentation skills, provides readers with the tools and skills to make their presentations and media dealings a success. The book is divided into two parts. Part One, Preparing and Delivering Formal Presentations, provides extensive practical guidance on the techniques of effective presenting: establishing objectives and preparing the presentation, delivering the opening, core and conclusion, using visual aids and dealing with questions. It also includes a chapter on the skills required for video conferencing. The second part, Handling the Media, contains invaluable insight and instruction for a pharmaceutical executive facing any element of the media. It draws on the author's extraordinary experience and provides examples and advice with direct relevance to the pharmaceutical industry throughout, making this the only specialist book available on the subject.