This book examines the nature and extent of competition in the pharmaceutical industry and analyses the interaction between market structure and selected elements of the marketing mix. It provides valuable insights into the level of promotional expenditure required to achieve a significant market share for new products; the use of price, new products and promotional strategies to protect market share; the effects of patent expiration on price levels and the use of pricing strategy to achieve market share. The book includes a brief comparative analysis of competition and marketing strategies in the US ethical pharmaceutical market.

This study is both a history of the American wine industry and an examination of its current structure and performance. In analysing market formation, Taplin focuses on a complex network of winery owners, winemakers and grape growers to see how relationships have shaped the evolution of this sector.

First made in the late 19th century, paracetamol is now widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical products. It is used as a painkiller and to reduce the temperature of patients with a fever. Aimed at post-16 students, this book provides a series of classroom activities, both written and practical, relating to paracetamol. The activities can be carried out singly, or as a coherent package, and are supported by a guide for teachers and technicians.

This study explains how Westland dominated British helicopter production and why government funding and support failed to generate competitive "all-British" alternatives. In doing so, the book evaluates broader historiographic assumptions about the purported "failure" of british aircraft procurement during the early post-war period and considers the scope and limitations of licensed production as a government-mandated procurement strategy.

Materials and Technology for Sportswear and Performance Apparel takes a close look at the design and development of functional apparel designed for high-performance sportswear. Implementing materials, performance, technology, and design and marketing, the book examines this rapidly emerging textile market and outlines future directions and growing trends. The book begins by explaining how a comfort-driven focus has led the industry to embrace knitted fabric as a popular choice of constructional material. Using examples of leading brands, it outlines the basic terminology, structural details, and essential properties appropriate for performance apparel, especially for sportswear. This book describes the differences between woven and knitted structures, provides an understanding of fabric behavior and the characteristics of a functional garment, and outlines the importance of garment fit and consumer perception of garment comfort in its design and development. The authors present key research outcomes on the design and development of functional apparel designed for high-performance sportswear that explore smart materials, impact-resistant fabrics and pressure sensing. They consider the use of 3-D body scanning and its influence on pattern engineering for apparel product development; highlight the widely used fiber types for sportswear and the importance of fiber blends and their performance, and discuss the relevance of fabric structure and its interaction with the human body. The book also presents research on moisture management and temperature regulation and analyzes the performance and development of smart sportswear intended for monitoring health and performance for a range of end uses. A definitive guide detailing the future of functional clothing and sportswear, this book: Describes how to design and develop functional clothing for sportswear Reflects current research outcomes and industry requirements Clarifies with visual illustration, practical examples, and case studies an understanding of techniques and concepts Explores specifics of garment design such as fit, shape, function, fashion and design Focuses on a commitment to designing ethical and sustainable products

Paris, along with New York, was one of the main centres of the fashion industry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. But although New York based garment workers were mobilized early in the twentieth century, Paris was the stage of vibrant revolutions and uprisings throughout the nineteenth century. As a consequence, French women workers were radicalized much earlier, creating a unique and unprecedented moment in both labour and feminist history. Seamstresses were central figures in the socio-political and cultural events of nineteenth and early twentieth century France but their stories and political writings have remained marginalized and obscured. Drawing on a wide range of published and unpublished documents from the industrial revolution, 'Sewing, Fighting and Writing' is a foucauldian genealogy of the Parisian seamstress. Looking at the assemblage of radical practices in work, politics and culture, it explores the constitution of the self of the seamstress in the era of early industrialization and revolutionary events and considers her contribution to the socio-political and cultural formations in modernity.

An international group of scholars, drawn from the United States, Europe and Australia and from a number of academic disciplines, explores the history of marketing in the food and drink industries, focusing on the meaning of brands, the ways in which they add value and the surrounding business strategies.

Spoiled Silk is the story of two immigrants from the Rhineland, William Brueckmann and his wife Katherine, who started a new life in America's first industrial city, Paterson NJ, nourishing a vision of their adopted country that was never to be. Committed to a socialist dream, they struggled to improve the lot of their follow immigrants and, at the same time, to raise a family in the midst of the turbulence that surrounded them. Their efforts contributed in the long run to improved working conditions in American mills, but their dream of a socialist America was never to be realized. It was in 1913 that the workers in the Paterson textile mills, having learned that a new kind of loom would put many of them out of work went on strike against the mill owners. In desperation, they called in Big Bill Haywood and the Wobblies of the I.W.W. to help them. The Paterson authorities moved quickly to crush the strike by forbidding the strikers to hold public meetings. Alone among elected local officials, William Brueckmann, Mayor of the neighboring town of Haledon, defied the Paterson authorities and their police department and upheld the constitutional rights of the strikers by giving them a safe haven in his town. His action marked the beginning of a long and bitter struggle that brought thousands of workers to the open fields of Haledon and forced the city of Paterson to its knees.The strike is an important chapter in the history of the American labor movement. For William and Katherine Brueckmann it did not however, mark the end of their struggles. Spoiled Silk also chronicles the prejudice they had to face during the First World War and the pressures that eventually drove them to compromise with post-war America and its Good Times. It was a compromise that would bring with it a different kind of tragedy and sorrow, the death of an only son and their own drawing apart from one another. The recent interest in immigrants to America has almost overlooked the largest group of immigrants, the German Americans. Spoiled Silk is a moving story about two of them. Vividly told, Spoiled Silk brings to life the experiences of these valiant people in the early decades of the century just past.

The book examines the trade liberalization measures, which were initiated in India during 1991 and which focused on manufacturing industries. This industry was considered because of its strong inter-sectoral links and its capacity to stimulate the growth of other sectors. The resulting liberal trade policies, involving a reduction in trade barriers and inflows of FDI, capital and technologies, were adopted to increase the manufacturing output. However, these measures were most beneficial to those industries whose products have greater demand in developed countries. Against this backdrop, the book breaks down the overall effect of trade-induced manufacturing growth into scale, composition and technique effects to discuss the impact on environmental externality. In addition to manufacturing activity, it also investigates the effect of other factors that improve with economic growth and examines the extent to which India's trade-led economic growth allows production activities to move to cleaner technologies and whether India has achieved its economic growth by specializing in pollution-intensive (low technology) industries. The book also estimates the impact of these environmental externalities on society's wellbeing.

Public institutions, academic researchers and financial analysts among others hail nanotechnologies as one of the most promising sectors of social and economic development. Calculations predict that it will become a trillion euro industry by 2015 and that it will bring about economic change of at least the same magnitude as the industrial revolution. Nanotechnology is recent, younger by some thirty years than biotechnology, but it appears at a point in time in human history where there is a convergence between the globalization of access to information and increasing awareness of the importance of sustainable development. Nanotechnology and Sustainable Development explores the ways in which this convergence leads to a change in the management of innovation - and ultimately a reshaping of technological democracy. The scope of the study is global, with a particular focus on Europe and the United States, utilizing several case studies of stakeholders including entrepreneurs, commentators, end users, scientists, and policy makers.

First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book examines the impact of economic reforms in India on the pharmaceutical industry and access to medicines. It traces the changing production and trade pattern of the industry, research and development (R&D) preferences and strategies of Indian pharmaceutical firms, patent system alongside pricing policy measures and their shortcomings. It also analyses the public health financing system in India driven largely by out-of-pocket expenditure - about 60 per cent - and characterised by very high share of medicines in total health expenditure. A masterful insight into a topical area, the work will be indispensable to those working on pharmaceutical industry and public policy. It will be of interest to researchers, scholars, students, and policy-makers of economics, industrial policy, public policy, intellectual property rights and health financing.

This book proposes a new model, the Lean and Green Business Model (L&GBM), where the environmental aspect of sustainability is integrated with Lean thinking in order to create a way of thinking that contributes to and balances the three sustainability dimensions of people, profit, and planet. The model presented uses a kaizen approach that will help readers improve mass and energy flows in manufacturing environments that already possess a deployment level in applying Lean. The Green Factory: Creating Lean and Sustainable Manufacturing tells the story of how GKN, a major British multinational corporation with operations in more than 30 countries, developed and implemented a Lean and Green Business Model in two of its automotive facilities in Brazil. It provides practical insight into how GKN was able to develop and deploy Lean and Green in a manner that resulted in environmental and cost benefits in the automotive facilities that operated in Brazil's high-inflation environment. Detailing proven concepts and sustainable models derived from the first-hand experiences, the book supplies information against the backdrop of GKN's automotive manufacturing environment. The authors take an inside-out approach, describing the real issues Environmental Health & Safety professionals face when implementing sustainable manufacturing policies. The book covers the corporate issues of balancing profit with environmental concern and the behavioral issues of engaging the workforce to identify and reduce environmental waste. All the concepts and models presented in the book have come about through the authors' real life experiences in live kaizen events as well as their extensive academic research in the subject area.

Global Issues in Pharmaceutical Marketing presents a balanced, research-based perspective combined with a practical outlook on the current issues faced by the ethical, biotech, and generic segments of the pharmaceutical industry. It integrates an analytical approach with a global view to examine such issues as market access, digital marketing, emerging markets, branding, and more. The book covers not only the North American and Western European markets, but focuses on non-Western markets, such as Latin America and Asia. Each chapter is written as an individual essay about a given issue, and where relevant, original cases are provided to illustrate how these issues are currently managed by the global industry. This book offers a thoughtful and thorough description of the industry's current situation and integrates the latest scholarly and industry research from different disciplines in one place for convenient reference. It may be used in the following ways: To stimulate class discussions and inspire new streams of research for academics and graduate students; To introduce the industry to those interested in a career, to orient new industry hires, or to provide experienced practitioners with current research that will enhance their knowledge; To provide an understanding of the industry for those in the healthcare sector, such as physicians, pharmacists, as well as medical and pharmacy students; and To present recent and relevant research for those in government, public or private payers, and public policy environments to facilitate their decision making. This book will prove to be a useful resource and an important source of information for academics and their students, professionals, and policymakers around the world.

When thinking about lowering or changing consumption to lower carbon footprints, the obvious offenders come easily to mind: petroleum and petroleum products, paper and plastic, even food. But not clothes. Although the clothing industry is the second largest polluter after agriculture, most consumers do not think of clothes as a source of environmental damage. The Dirty Side of the Garment Industry: Fast Fashion and its Negative Impact on Environment and Society exposes how clever marketing tactics designed to increase demand skillfully hide this reality. An in-depth examination of the international fashion trade and related goods, this book raises visibility of the ethical aspects of promoting overconsumption through explaining the ecological damage resulting from the high rate of discarding old clothes. It focuses on the promotion, globalization, and integration of the apparel sector into our social and political landscape. It presents an expert overview of the garment industry, highlighting the harsh realities of the environmental and labor problems associated with it. It tracks the commercial and cultural factors that have led to the growth of fast fashion retail and its dominance of the entire industry. The book covers current regulatory policies, both national and international, on production and labor, and the author does not shy away from making recommendations for change. He examines marketing, business, and economic models to explain how assumptions of traditional economic theory on industrial growth and prosperity fall short in addressing the high social costs of promoting the overconsumption of cheap and readily disposable clothes. You will come away with a detailed, holistic understanding of the garment industry as well as clarity regarding the larger issue of finding balance when it comes to the ethics of consumption.

First published in 1976, Industrial Location and Planning in the United Kingdom investigates in detail the nature of the changes taking place in the location of manufacturing industry since the 1950s and the reasons for them, including the effects of government regional policy and of factors such as market accessibility, labour availability and cost, transport facilities and personal residential preferences by industrialists and workers. The book brings together a wide range of published and unpublished material in discussing and evaluating explanations for regional and local manufacturing growth or decline. Government regional policy and planning is singled out for special attention, in terms of the impact of Development Area grants, of local planning controls, and of the town programmes. Manufacturing movement to new locations and the implications of government regional policies for industrial efficiency are examined in detail, together with the reasons for locational change in key but controversial industries such as steel, motor vehicles and electronics. This book will be of interest to students of urban planning, manufacturing, and development as well as city planners.

The Retail and Food Services sectors play an important role in Singapore. They add to the vibrancy of the economy and contribute to the social well-being of Singaporeans. At the same time, they are often highlighted and scrutinised for their low productivity performance and high reliance on manpower. There is to date a lack of local literature that addresses the issues faced by the two sectors at the enterprise and worker levels.This timely book includes major topics in services productivity in the Singapore context, with emphasis on Retail and Food Services. Topics covered include the key productivity levers of the services sectors: holistic productivity measurement framework, effective entrepreneurship, manpower management, promotion by social media, marketing, costing process and accounting sophistication. These areas are explored through literature reviews and in-depth interviews with companies and consumers. The chapters also include recommendations for policy makers and industry stakeholders. Written in a simple and accessible manner, this book will serve as an insightful guide to researchers, policy-makers, industry practitioners and enterprises and those who are keen to learn from the Singapore experience.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Toward a Sustainable Wine Industry: Green Enology in Practice takes a broad look at the emerging trend of using sustainable wine production methods and business practices. It covers a multitude of aspects of the sustainable wine industry, including production methods, recycling efforts, customer behavior, sustainable business practices, and more. The wine sector, which plays a big role in the agricultural industry around the world, has been facing increasing pressure to fulfill legal environmental requirements while maintaining a competitive position in a global market. Concern for the environment and rising costs have led to an increased interest in sustainable wine production practices. This valuable compendium addresses this trend and looks at different sectors within the wine industry. In all, the book provides a multi-faceted examination of the important aspects of the increasingly necessary and growing sustainable movement. The book aims to shed valuable light on how to build an integrated sustainable business and development system in the wine industry.

An investigation of science, politics and our food production system, this text exposes the bogus science, political interference and flawed policies that threaten our food supply. The author tells the story of BSE, revealing how top scientists have been muzzled and how the epidemic continues. Then, against a backdrop of burning cows, Andrew Rowell exposes how trade and macro-economic policies overruled good science in the foot and mouth catastrophe. He also opens the black box of the so-called GM revolution to expose the myth behind the marketing. In tracing how critics are silenced in the bottom-line climate of commercialized science and privatized knowledge, Rowell tells the true story of the widely publicized Pusztai GM potato scandal of the late 1990s and the ongoing Mexican maize GM contamination affair. Finally, the book offers radical solutions to make science work in the public interest and provide food that really is safe to eat.

Global Issues in Pharmaceutical Marketing presents a balanced, research-based perspective combined with a practical outlook on the current issues faced by the ethical, biotech, and generic segments of the pharmaceutical industry. It integrates an analytical approach with a global view to examine such issues as market access, digital marketing, emerging markets, branding, and more. The book covers not only the North American and Western European markets, but focuses on non-Western markets, such as Latin America and Asia. Each chapter is written as an individual essay about a given issue, and where relevant, original cases are provided to illustrate how these issues are currently managed by the global industry. This book offers a thoughtful and thorough description of the industry's current situation and integrates the latest scholarly and industry research from different disciplines in one place for convenient reference. It may be used in the following ways: To stimulate class discussions and inspire new streams of research for academics and graduate students; To introduce the industry to those interested in a career, to orient new industry hires, or to provide experienced practitioners with current research that will enhance their knowledge; To provide an understanding of the industry for those in the healthcare sector, such as physicians, pharmacists, as well as medical and pharmacy students; and To present recent and relevant research for those in government, public or private payers, and public policy environments to facilitate their decision making. This book will prove to be a useful resource and an important source of information for academics and their students, professionals, and policymakers around the world.

Bang & Olufsen, the famous Danish producer of high-end home electronics, is well known as an early exponent of value-based management: the idea that there should be consistency in what the organisation does, a certain continuity between what the company develops and sells, and the beliefs and practices of the employees. This study investigates how company values are communicated and the collective identity is articulated through the use of such concepts as 'culture', 'fundamental values', and 'corporate religion', as well as how employees negotiate these ideas in their daily working lives. As this book reveals, the identification of values, meant to create cohesion and solidarity among employees, came to symbolise and engender a split between the staff and the other parts of the company. By examining the rise and fall of the value-based management approach, this volume offers the indispensible insight of anthropological enquiry to expose how social realities challenge conventional management strategies and therefore must be considered in the development of new management techniques.

Deals with the origin, production, processing and modification of lecithin and also with quality control

Since the Industrial Revolution, cities and industry have grown together; towns and metropolitan regions have evolved around factories and expanding industries. New Industrial Urbanism explores the evolving and future relationships between cities and places of production, focusing on the spatial implications and physical design of integrating contemporary manufacturing into the city. The book examines recent developments that have led to dramatic shifts in the manufacturing sector - from large-scale mass production methods to small-scale distributed systems; from polluting and consumptive production methods to a cleaner and more sustainable process; from broad demand for unskilled labor to a growing need for a more educated and specialized workforce - to show how cities see new investment and increased employment opportunities. Looking ahead to the quest to make cities more competitive and resilient, New Industrial Urbanism provides lessons from cases around the world and suggests adopting New Industrial Urbanism as an action framework that reconnects what has been separated: people, places, and production. Moving the conversation beyond the reflexively-negative characterizations of industry, more than two centuries after the start of the Industrial Revolution, this book calls to re-consider the ways in which industry creates places, sustains jobs, and supports environmental sustainability in our cities. This book is available as Open Acess through https://www.taylorfrancis.com/.

The welfare of production animals at slaughter is a major veterinary concern with debate on questions such as the degree of stunning required, how sentient animals are of their surroundings, slaughterhouse conditions and how quickly animals lose consciousness after having their throats cut in religious slaughter practices. This research monograph provides a thoroughly scientific evidence-based account of the physiology and behaviour of animals for slaughter, analysis of the different killing methods, legislation and operating procedures, lairage and movement, depopulation and handling.Animal Welfare at Slaughter is mainly aimed at animal welfare officers and policy makers, veterinary and meat inspectors and slaughterhouse auditors. However, this is a reliable resource also for veterinary and animal science students and the informed public.

We live in a society as dominated by food preference as by sexual preference, as obsessed with eating too much as with eating too little. In this accessible, cross-disciplinary text, David Goodman and Michael Redclift look at the development of the modern food system, integrating different bodies of knowledge and debate concerning food, agriculture, the environment and the household. They link changes in our diet and concern with the environment to many of the problems afflicting developing countries: food shortages, poor nutrition and wholesale environmental destruction.