This proceedings volume presents new methods and applications in applied economics with special interest in advanced cross-section data estimation methodology. Featuring select contributions from the 2019 International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE 2019) held in Milan, Italy, this book explores areas such as applied macroeconomics, applied microeconomics, applied financial economics, applied international economics, applied agricultural economics, applied marketing and applied managerial economics. International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE) is an annual conference that started in 2008, designed to bring together economists from different fields of applied economic research, in order to share methods and ideas. Applied economics is a rapidly growing field of economics that combines economic theory with econometrics, to analyze economic problems of the real world, usually with economic policy interest. In addition, there is growing interest in the field of applied economics for cross-section data estimation methods, tests and techniques. This volume makes a contribution in the field of applied economic research by presenting the most current research. Featuring country specific studies, this book is of interest to academics, students, researchers, practitioners, and policy makers in applied economics, econometrics and economic policy.

Most businesspeople are well aware that marketing has changed dramatically in recent years. For many, this shift is mainly about different ways to market--through social media, online engagement, and so on. But beyond the new tools available to businesses today, there have also been sweeping changes to how consumers behave in the retail environment, and what underlies our decisions as consumers. How can marketers understand--and profit from--these shifts in how we buy?DECODING THE CONSUMER MIND provides retail marketers with an action plan based on new psychological insights about how, when and why today's radically different consumer shops and buys. A trifecta of socio-cultural trends has forever altered the psyche of the American consumer--and understanding these 3 significant shifts is critical for any marketer to understand. Based on her extensive research, consumer expert Kit Yarrow classifies the changes as follow: ANXIETY: Diagnosed anxiety disorders have increased 1,200% since 1980. A 1994 survey of randomly selected households found 15% of American had experienced elevated anxiety the previous year. In 2009 that number rose to 49.5%. This has numerous implications for how consumers buy, explaining our love of the ratings and reviews of other shoppers; the mental relief and distraction of online shopping, and why people are more responsive to brands that demonstrate emotional benefits than those who tout product characteristics.THE NEW INDIVIDUALISM A more me-oriented society increasingly uses brands, retailers, and shopping strategies as a way to connect with others. Awash with choices and unfettered by the social rules that provided guard rails in previous decades, today's consumers are more individualistic and more likely to use what they buy and how they shop as a way to communicate and bond with others. This trend explains why Pick Your Favorite campaigns on Facebook have an astonishing 27% response rate, why Etsy is so successful, and much more.REWIRED BRAINS: Because of our rampant technology use, we literally think differently now, a shift that has broad implications for retail. As a society that views more than it reads, we want everything faster, get bored more easily and gravitate more toward the quick takeaways of symbolic communication. For example, on eBay, merchandise displayed on red backgrounds receives higher bids than similar merchandise shown on blue backgrounds; and trends have given way to trending.Grounded in Yarrow's award-winning research on consumer psychology, DECODING THE CONSUMER MIND provides rich examples of these shifts in action in the marketing strategies and consumer behavior seen by major firms and brands, many of whom are Yarrow's clients, including: Kleenex, Desigual, Kraft Foods, eBay, Hershey's, and many more. For any marketer hoping to profit from the transformed consumer brain, DECODING THE CONSUMER MIND is essential reading.

Analysing developments in digital technologies and institutional changes, this book provides an overview of the current frenetic state of transformation within the global automobile industry. An ongoing transition brought about by the relocation of marketing, design and production centres to emerging economies, and experimentation with new mobility systems such as electrical, autonomous vehicles, this process poses the question as to how original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and newcomers can remain competitive and ensure sustainability. With contributions from specialists in the automobile sector, this collection examines the shifts in power and geographical location occurring in the industry, and outlines the key role that public policy has in generating innovation in entrepreneurial states. Offering useful insights into the challenges facing emerging economies in their attempts to grow within the automobile industry, this book will provide valuable reading for those researching internationalization and emerging markets, business strategy and more specifically, the automotive industry.

How do firms from emerging economies strive for the internationalization of their business? This comprehensive two-volume collection tackles this question by taking a closer look at underexplored issues, including bottom of the pyramid (BoP) business models, value creation and co-creation, employee commitment and the 'born global' concept. Volume II examines internationalization from the perspective of European and African firms. It covers an array of pressing issues within Europe including responsible business practices between SMEs from developed and emerging countries, and the impact of psychic distance, while coverage of African firms places a spotlight on under-researched countries such as Tanzania, Zambia and Nigeria. Providing further examination of emerging markets and internationalization processes, this second volume offers a comprehensive guide for all researchers of international business.

This open access book focuses on the issue of sustainability standards from the perspective of both global governance frameworks and emerging economies. It stems from the recognition that the accelerated pace of economic globalization has generated production and consumption patterns that are generating sustainability concerns. Sustainability standards (and regulations) are increasingly being used in a bid to make global consumption and production more sustainable. Given the dense inter-connectedness of economic affairs globally, the use of sustainability standards has become a concern of global governance, who face the challenge of achieving a balance between the use of standards for genuine sustainability objectives, and not allowing them to turn into instruments of protectionism or coercion.The emerging economies, given their increasing engagement with the global economy, are most impacted by the use of sustainability standards. The emphasis of 'emerging economies' in this book is retained both by using case studies from these economies and by collating perceptions and assessments of those located in these economies. The case studies included span sectors such as palm oil, forestry, food quality, vehicular emissions and water standards, and address the problems unique to the emerging economies, including capacity building for compliance with standards, adapting international standards in domestic contexts and addressing the exclusion of small and medium enterprises etc. Complex interfaces and dynamics of a global nature are not limited to the thematic of this book but also extend to the process through which it was written. This book brings together insights from developed as well as emerging economies (Germany, India, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico and China). It also brings together scholars and practitioners to jointly ponder upon the conceptual aspects of the global frameworks for sustainability standards. This book is a very useful resource for researchers and practitioners alike, and provides valuable insights for policy makers as well.

This book describes the strategies and processes of a multi-national US corporation applied in entering emerging markets around the globe. It details the structured approach, innovative ways and concerted efforts involved. Executives learned how to gain footholds in unknown territory and how to deal with complexity and diversity. This process was strongly supported by sharing of learning and resources within the company, and with the local partners, thus creating mutual added value.

This open access book brings together narratives of inbound and outbound expatriate entrepreneurship in Japan to provide a comprehensive overview of international entrepreneurship in the region. Through in-depth interviews with expatriate entrepreneurs, policymakers, and additional stakeholders it provides the reader with a solid understanding of the current landscape of international entrepreneurship as it relates to Japan and the challenges for policymakers. The topics addressed in this book include definitions of expatriate entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship policy development and implementation, concepts of mindset, cultural brokerage, community, and identity as they relate to Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs working in South East Asia and to non-Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs working in Japan. Additionally, the book provides an overview of issues connected to regional development and economic growth in Asia. Illustrated through carefully chosen cases from Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia and developed by connecting these cases to policy and interdisciplinary studies, this book is highly recommended to scholars, policymakers and practitioners who seek an in-depth and up-to-date integrated overview of the field of expatriate entrepreneurship in Asia.

Fast track route to mastering market research
Covers key market research techniques, from asking the right questions and using statistics to analysing data and acting on the information
Examples and lessons from benchmark companies in publishing, consumer goods, brewing and others
Includes a glossary of key concepts and a comprehensive resources guide
ExpressExec is a unique business resource of one hundred books. These books present the best current thinking and span the entire range of contemporary business practice. Each book gives you the key concepts behind the subject and the techniques to implement the ideas effectively, together with lessons from benchmark companies and ideas from the world's smartest thinkers.
ExpressExec is organised into ten core subject areas making it easy to find the information you need:
01 Innovation
02 Enterprise
03 Strategy
04 Marketing
05 Finance
06 Operations and Technology
07 Organizations
08 Leading
09 People
10 Life and Work
ExpressExec is a perfect learning solution for people who need to master the latest business thinking and practice quickly.

Scoring Points is the compelling and dramatic inside story, told from a project point of view, of how the Tesco Clubcard was conceived, launched and developed. It explains in detail how Tesco collected, analysed and used customer data to become a retail giant, making customer loyalty marketing work when almost every other programme failed. By pairing its loyalty scheme with sophisticated information technology, Tesco set a new standard for knowing your customer. Scoring Points is one of the seminal marketing books of the last decade. A fascinating tale of what can be achieved through vision, a strong team ethic and a company-wide commitment to customer satisfaction, it is an inspirational read for anyone in business, from junior marketers or salespersons working in an FMCG environment, to any practitioner looking to better analyse their customer base.

For any company, defining the most efficient marketing concept to create a competitive customer experience (CX) is vital for sustained development. The focus of this research is the creation of a comprehensible practical approach to the development of client experience: the ustomer Experience Model (CXM). The practical application of the CX model will allow companies to create value for their customers and key stakeholders, thus generating the necessary profit and building conditions for further development. Balancing academic research and real-world applications, The Customer Experience Model provides a framework that readers can understand and utilize to implement improvements in a company. In this work the readers also will learn about application in customer experience formation of such concepts as "systems thinking", "learning organization", "Lewinian Experiential learning cycle". The role of a leader in the formation of an effective customer experience will be shown as well. Also the readers will get an obvious idea of how to plan customer experience and measure its effectiveness. The Customer Experience Model shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest both to students of business schools and universities at an advanced level, academics and reflective practitioners in the fields of leadership, organizational studies, marketing, and strategic management and consulting.

This book brings together conceptual and empirical analyses of the causes and consequences of changing business-government relations in China since the 1990s, against the backdrop of the country's increased integration with the global political economy. More specifically, it provides an interdisciplinary account of how the dominant patterns of interactions between state actors, firms and business organizations have changed across regions and industries, and how the changing varieties of these patterns have interacted with the evolution of key market institutions in China. The contributors to this edited volume posit that business-government relations comprise a key linchpin that defines the Chinese political economy and calibrates the character of its constitutive institutional arrangements.

The book presents an integrative viewpoint of behavioral economics as an approach to analyze the behavior of decision-makers in various economic situations. Special attention is paid to the significance of experimental methods, enabling for example the collection of information for a decision-maker in a dynamic decision situation, to reduce uncertainty. In addition, behavioral economics offers the possibility to study human choices in the context of the economic life of people, also considering their perception of reality in their own cognitive categories.

This book examines the essence of leadership, its characteristics and its ways in Asia through a cultural and philosophical lens. Using Asian proverbs and other quotes, it discusses leadership issues and methods in key Asian countries including China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia and Singapore. It also explores the leadership styles of various great Asian political and corporate leaders. Further, it investigates several unique Asian philosophies, such as Buddhism, Guan Yin, Confucianism, Ta Mo, Chinese Animal zodiac signs, Hindu Gods, the Samurai, the Bushido Spirit and Zen in the context of leadership mastery and excellence. Offering numerous examples of a potpourri of the skills and insights needed to be a good, if not a great, leader, this practical, action-oriented book encourages readers to think, reflect and act.

Consumer Behaviour in Sport and Events emphasises the role of consumer behaviour in sport marketing. Given the social, economic, and environmental benefits of sport events, the challenge for marketers is to understand the complexity of sport and event participation. Through a heightened understanding of consumer behaviour, marketers are able to develop communication strategies to enhance the experience, while identifying key elements of the consumer's decision-making process. This book provides students and industry professionals with the knowledge and skills necessary to meet the current marketing challenges facing professionals working in the sport and event industries. This comprehensive text covers a wide range of determinants that influence both active recreation and passive spectator participation, and offers the reader: A detailed understanding of the personal, psychological and environmental factors that influence sport and event related consumer behaviour A basis for the development of marketing actions useful in sport and related business, community and government sectors A comprehensive understanding of how individuals associate themselves with sport and event products and services A quick and simple segmentation tool to guide discussion of marketing actions and strategies for four stages of involvement with sport and events A comprehensive events checklist to help understand marketing actions related to the development, promotion and delivery of a sport event. Sport and event consumer behaviour is a rapidly growing area of interest and this book is considered a valuable resource for those involved in the sport and events industries from students to marketers to academics.

This book addresses a conundrum for the international development community: The law of development cooperation poses major constraints on delivering aid where it is needed most. The existence of a state with an effective government is a basic condition for the transfer of aid, making development cooperation with 'fragile' nations particularly challenging. The author explores how international organizations like the World Bank have responded by adopting formal and informal rules to engage specifically with countries with weak or no governments. Von Engelhardt provides a critical analysis of the discourse on fragile states and how it has shaped the policy decision-making of international organizations. By demonstrating how perceptions of fragility can have significant consequences both in practice and in law, the work challenges conventional research that dismisses state fragility as a phenomenon beyond law. It also argues that the legal parameters for effective global policy play a crucial role, and offers a fresh approach to a topic that is central to international security and development.

The ACADEMY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS (UK and Ireland Chapter) Published in association with the UK and Ireland Chapter of the Academy of International Business. This brand new edited collection addresses the growing uncertainty and socio-economic challenges of globalisation and its profound implications for the strategies and operations of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Responding to the new balance in international business, the authors offer valuable insights into the co-evolutionary processes involved in headquarters-subsidiary relationships, the need for novel strategies by MNEs to retain competitive advantage, improve performance and contribute to the global economy.

This textbook discusses central statistical concepts and their use in business and economics. To endure the hardship of abstract statistical thinking, business and economics students need to see interesting applications at an early stage. Accordingly, the book predominantly focuses on exercises, several of which draw on simple applications of non-linear theory. The main body presents central ideas in a simple, straightforward manner; the exposition is concise, without sacrificing rigor. The book bridges the gap between theory and applications, with most exercises formulated in an economic context. Its simplicity of style makes the book suitable for students at any level, and every chapter starts out with simple problems. Several exercises, however, are more challenging, as they are devoted to the discussion of non-trivial economic problems where statistics plays a central part.

This proceedings volume analyzes the impact of globalization on international financial flow as well as harmonized financial reporting. Featuring contributions presented at the 18th Annual Conference on Finance and Accounting held at the University of Economics in Prague, this book examines the economic consequences of the globalized world in the sphere of corporate and public finance, monetary systems, banking, financial reporting and management accounting. The global perspective is accompanied by local specific cases studies, including those from emerging markets. In addition, the combination of micro- and macroeconomic approaches provide insights on the behavior of all relevant stakeholders in the process and the results of dynamic pressures surrounding global capital markets and international investments. This book will serve as a useful resource for scholars and researchers, practitioners and policy makers in the fields of finance, economics and accounting.

Globalization is a leading force for industry worldwide, especially the new technology sector. This presents both problems and opportunities in the emergence of a new type of consumer and the effects of globalization on industry in terms of culture, economics, marketing, and social issues at every scale from local to global.

The main aim of the book is to enhance the reader's knowledge - especially from a multidisciplinary perspective rather than from an individual functional perspective - of international consumer behaviour. It also explores the role of globalization in the evolving world of the new technology sector and provides an overview of the development of international consumer behavior from historical, geographical and social perspectives, while focusing on new technology products and services.

Professionals, students and researchers working in the fields of new technologies and information and communication technologies (ICT) as well as specialists of marketing and management are the target audience for this book. At the same time, the book will be pitched at a level so as to also appeal to a more general readership interested in globalization.

What museum does not want insight into what its visitors and potential visitors are looking for? Nearly every function within the museum benefits from a deeper understanding of visitors: curators, educators, fundraisers, marketers, store and cafe managers, guards, and volunteers. This book creatively instructs museums on how to study visitors to make their exhibits, programs, and shops more appealing for all segments of the public. Each chapter identifies an observed visitor behavior or attitude and details how it can significantly affect attendance, satisfaction, and loyalty. The author's approach explains how all museum personnel can participate in valuable observational research without breaking the bank on expensive studies.

This book introduces readers to the concept and implementation of positioning techniques in the context of the wine industry. Featuring 30 case studies on brands and wine regions around the world - all based on the same principles - it presents a successful, cutting-edge strategy for the marketing of wine. Rather than focusing on a small group of elitist appellations, the Grand Crus universe and a handful of star brands, the book addresses the real, day-to-day wine world. In light of globalization, it introduces state-of-the-art wine positioning techniques, with an emphasis on the identity, segmentation and positioning of wine appellations and wine brands. In its analysis of wine appellation models, the book examines local parameters like geology, history and wine growing techniques; compares facts, figures and actors; analyzes the signals that are being sent to the market and presents a range of key factors for success. Similarly, the wine brands models are analyzed on the basis of their respective brand identity and apparent marketing policy. In the book's final part, it summarizes recent developments in wine marketing, including the growing importance of wine brands as new territories in the global vineyard, and the role of appellations as the essence of cultural diversity.

The book is one of the first to focus on responsible leadership in the contemporary Asian century context. It adopts a unique context driven social innovation based responsible leadership approach to explain how context can impact and shape the theory and practice of responsible leadership. This unique work will strongly appeal to a broad spectrum of researchers and scholars across disciplines with a particular interest in the interplay between leadership, responsibility and ethics. As Asia's influence on the global economy continues to grow in the Asian Century, this book offers a culturally integrated view of how the shift in economic power to Asia and the rising new global economic order can influence the theory and practice of responsible leadership. The book focuses particularly on the Asian century opportunities and challenges as a strong contextual factor that shapes the 'responsibility' of responsible leadership. The scholarly literature on the topic, the case studies developed through interviews and secondary data, and author's corporate experiences in the Asia-Pacific region in leading organisations are key sources for the book's assertions. It fills an important gap in the literature on how Asian cultural factors might influence the predominantly Western developed responsible leadership theory and practice. This book covers key topics including the moral basis for responsibility, theory and practice of responsible leadership, Asian challenges to responsible leadership, and socially innovative responsible leadership. "Fernando's book provides a fresh and novel perspective on how evolutionary changes in economic power between Asia and the rest of the world undoubtedly will affect the practice of responsible leadership. He examines varying views on responsible leadership across cultures, demonstrating how Asian and Western leadership styles have evolved as our economy continues to become more globally integrated." Prof. Laura Pincus Hartman Director, Susilo Institute for Ethics in the Global Economy Boston University, Questrom School of Business, Boston, USA "There is little doubt that this is the Asian Century and that economic and political influences from the east will increase. But so too may cultural, ethical and even religious influences. It is therefore important that researchers understand these significant changes. In this book Mario Fernando gives us an insight into what this means for responsible leadership. It is primarily an excellent work of scholarship, written for academics who teach and research in this area by someone who knows Asian business and culture from the inside. But it will also reward careful study by practicing leaders and those who are the potential leaders of the future." Professor of Business Ethics, Geoff Moore Durham Business School Durham University, UK

Neuroscientific research shows that the great majority of purchase decisions are irrational and driven by subconscious mechanisms in our brains. This is hugely disruptive to the rational, logical arguments of traditional communication and marketing practices and we are just starting to understand how organizations must adapt their strategies. This book explains the subconscious behavior of the "neuro-consumer" and shows how major international companies are using these findings to cast light on their own consumers' behavior. Written in plain English for business and management readers with no scientific background, it focuses on: how to adapt marketing and communication to the subconscious and irrational behaviors of consumers; the direct influence of the primary senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) on purchasing decisions and the perception of communications by customers' brains; implications for innovation, packaging, price, retail environments and advertising; the use of "nudges" and artifices to increase marketing and communication efficiency by making them neuro-compatible with the brain's subconscious expectations; the influence of social media and communities on consumers' decisions - when collective conscience is gradually replacing individual conscience and recommendation becomes more important than communication; and the ethical limits and considerations that organizations must heed when following these principles. Authored by two globally recognized leaders in business and neuroscience, this book is an essential companion to marketers and brand strategists interested in neuroscience and vital reading for any advanced student or researcher in this area.