This collection of articles deal with marketing history and the history of marketing thought, placing these subjects within a marketing management context. Despite the crucial role that historical research can play in expanding our understanding of marketing, studies of the history of marketing are thin on the ground. This volume aims to address this gap. Topics include the history of the Boston Consulting Group's growth-share matrix, branding, the emergence of marketing schools of thought, managerialism, the marketing concept, relationship marketing, scientific management and marketing, and critical marketing studies. The introduction discusses the three themes that run through the collection: historical method, marketing history, and the history of marketing thought. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Marketing Management.

This book takes readers on a unique journey across some of the most debated implications of the rise of the Chinese economy on the global scene. From the analysis, suggestions emerge on how to improve statistical tools to measure performance and to obtain more precise macroeconomic forecasts. Moreover, it confirms the suspicion that a governance model of firms that does not sufficiently encourage market competition may have significant costs in terms of efficiency for the Chinese production system. The analysis of demographic factors and of household savings gives further support to calls for a serious reform effort, particularly of the pension and health care systems, to utilize households' savings more efficiently and equitably. Finally the analyses of Chinese and global trade underscore the need for a less superficial consideration of the implications of the Chinese presence in global markets.

The dissertation investigates the scientific and business factors that have resulted in air-conditioning being a major contributor to climate-change. With his architectural background, the author demonstrates how a design methodology, not commonly adopted in scientific studies, may actually be a suitable way of dealing with a complex problem: the 'business as usual' scenario involving building science, sociological values and consumer behavior. Using his innovations as case studies, the author shows how good ideas cannot be evaluated on scientific merit alone and demonstrates why commercialization may have a pivotal role in deployment of research-based technology. He advances the theory of personalized thermal comfort which can potentially resolve the air-conditioning conundrum.

In his study, Jan Posthumus uses the grounded theory method to explore the implementation of marketing instruments such as segmentation and targeting in the recruitment of high potentials in the pharmaceutical industry. The implementation of these instruments can best be understood as the result of an interaction between four categories: the identified internal need for certain groups of high potentials; the scarcity of these groups of high potentials in the market; the attitudes, opinions, and strategies within human resources; and the technological capabilities. Depending on the situation, different recruitment instruments are used to recruit high potentials. However, the interviewees did not use an explicit high potential recruitment profile, though they implicitly search for varying combinations of high-potential characteristics such as: intelligence and agility, engagement, the ability to perform in various environments, and the ability to manage one's energy levels.

This book explores two central aspects of shopper behavior at the POP: decision-making itself and how it is affected by in-store and out-of-store factors, with a focus on the role of in-store attention, post-decision choice satisfaction and its determinants. It empirically researches these aspects using data gathered in an eye-tracking field experiment. These data allow for a precise analysis of attention at the POP, as well as of many other important variables of in-store decision-making. Overall, the results show that retailers have less influence on in-store decision-making than manufacturers, despite having control over the POP, as out-of-store factors have a stronger impact on in-store decision-making than in-store factors.

Transition economies, such as the countries in Southeast Europe, face an expeditious institutional transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. The state withdraws from its monitoring function, which results in institutional voids that affect the economy in general and small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in specific. With a qualitative case study approach Tine Schrammel develops a scheme to detect institutional voids as one source of competitive disadvantages of SMEs in transition economies. In a second step she demonstrates that specific cluster services bridge institutional voids and improve the competitive position of SMEs in environments of institutional voids. The findings add to the understanding of institutional voids and to the role of clusters in transition economies.

"Exhibition organizers and venue managers must have a thorough knowledge of their customers and they must be very close to the industries they serve. We must react rapidly to their changing needs and even be ahead of the curve in providing the tools and services which they'll need to successfully meet their business objectives. This book, Exhibit Marketing and Trade Show Intelligence, will assist all those in the exhibition industry to stay on top of trends and changes as we work to improve our customer's ROI and at the same time strengthen our own bottom line." Paul Woodward Managing Director UFI, the Global Association of the Exhibition Industry "The Exhibit and Event industry has been rapidly expanding over the past several years and offers many global opportunities for a fascinating and rewarding career. Exhibit Marketing & Trade Show Intelligence provides those interested in a career in Exhibit and Event Management a solid foundation on how to become a valuable asset to any organization." Jim Wurm, Executive Director Exhibit & Event Marketers Association (E2MA) "Dr. Klaus Solberg Soilen's book is a vital handbook for all marketers who work with exhibitions as a marketing tool. The book provides clear and extremely useful recommendations for actions before, under and after the exhibition has taken place". Svend Hollensen, author of "Global Marketing"(Pearson) and Associate Professor of International Marketing at the University of Southern Denmark.

The subject of this book is to reveal the formation process of circulation structure centering on vegetable wholesale market in western cities of China. The data are mainly from the interview and survey on farmers, vegetable wholesalers and retailers and operators of vegetable wholesale markets. The findings of the research show that the large vegetable production bases in eastern economically developed regions place stress on local vegetable circulation through wholesale markets, which results in the change in circulation channel in vegetable wholesale markets in western cities, namely, the circulation channel focusing on local vegetable has been shifted to non-local vegetables. The readers will get inspiration from the book that circulation channels have boasted a significance to the small vegetable bases surrounding the cities.

Research on the influence of culture on consumer decision-making and consumption behavior has witnessed tremendous growth in the last decade. With increasing globalization, managers are becoming increasingly aware that operating in multiple markets is crucial for firms' survival and growth. As the world's growth engine shifts from Europe and North America to Asia and Latin America, it has become apparent that an inward-looking and domestic focus strategy will not be sustainable in the long run. And success in foreign markets requires marketers to understand not just what consumers in these markets need but also how they think, behave, consume, and purchase. Numerous studies have documented cultural differences in values and beliefs, motivational orientations, emotions, self-regulation, and information-processing styles, and the effects of these cultural variations on consumer behavior such as brand evaluation, materialism, and impulsive consumption. In this volume, experts from a variety of disciplines and perspectives trace the historical development of culture research in consumer psychology and examine the theoretical underpinnings that account for these findings and the current state of the field. Collectively, the chapters provide a forum for researchers to engage in thoughtful debates and stimulating conversations and offer directions for future research.

Consumer behaviour is the study of how, where, when and why we conduct the exchange elements of our lives to satisfy our needs and desires. It is fundamental to marketing as marketing is concerned with supplying and anticipating customer requirements; therefore understanding how customers behave is at the very heart of the marketing concept.

"Consumer Behaviour, 2nd Edition" is more 'student centred' than the competition, manifested in the use of cases and exercises to be used in participative and applied ways, reflecting the clear trend towards student centred and application-based marketing courses.

Features: Coverage of consumer buying behaviour from a marketing, rather than a behavioural science perspectiveThe addition of new journal articles from a range of journals.

This book examines the textile and clothing Industry of India and its trade scenario from a global perspective. New developments in international policies related to trade and investment and falling barriers to trade worldwide as well as within individual regional communities have transformed the structure of production and global competition in the textile and apparel industries across the world. Furthermore, with the incorporation of textile trade in the GATT framework following the removal of quantitative restrictions, and the subsequent liberalization of investment opportunities, the Indian market is now home to several international brands, which has led to the present upsurge of FDI in this very important sector of the Indian economy. The book closely examines the nature and impact of such external changes on the industry's structure and labour-related issues. The key feature of this book is that it presents a snapshot of all the domestic and international policies related to this sector, from the earliest relevant period to the present, and analyses the topical issues in significant detail. The book also offers some empirical analyses to show the impact of external changes on the concentration of firms in this industry and the regional inequalities that have emerged from regional variations in firms' employment, labour-income and profit levels. Further, it addresses another striking feature, namely the role of preferential trading blocs or Regional Trading Arrangements (RTA) in creating trade-diverting effects related to this sector apart from the implications of foreign collaborations and cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Many economists fear that the benefits of these RTAs for the partner countries are much greater than those for India, with net gains of incremental exports from India being small or even negative. This book discusses these critical issues in the context of India's textile and apparel trade.

Various psychographic traits that most directly influence consumers' private label attitudes are the focal point of Stefanie Weiss' investigation. The author develops a comprehensive profile of psychographic predictors of attitude and identifies ways of translating these insights into managerial practice. Her conclusions thereby strongly contribute to understanding and describing purchasers of private labels and can be meaningfully applied to the management areas of brand positioning and market segmentation. The hypothesized relationships between consumers' private label attitude and various psychographic traits are tested on a sample of German and Austrian consumers using an online questionnaire. Their response data are then analyzed using the multiple regression technique.

This thesis deals with Rare Earth Elements (REE), especially with neodymium used in permanent magnets, from a very scientific basis by providing basic research data. Despite the fact that REE are newsworthy and very important elements for a considerable bandwidth of todays' technologies, accompanied by the monopolistic supply-situation and Chinese politics, there are inexplicable data discrepancies about REE which have been recognized frequently but usually have not been addressed accordingly. So this analysis started with the hypothesis that the four application areas, namely computer hard disk drives (HDD), mobile phones, wind turbines and e-mobility (automotive traction), account for about 80% of the global annual neodymium-demand. The research methodology was a laboratory analysis of the composition of used magnets for HDDs and mobile phones and a literature and official report analysis of wind turbine and automotive neodymium use. The result was amazing and the hypothesis had to be withdrawn as these four areas only account for about 20% of neodymium use. This result raises some questions concerning actual use and thus potential recycling options.

Luisa Wolter examines the travel motivations and interests of natural park visitors to Mallorca with a special focus on sustainable tourism development. The data for the study were collected from tourists in the two natural parks s' Albufera and Llevant in the North of Mallorca. Based on the results of the analysis, natural area managers can develop new products and marketing strategies that address their very own visitors, contribute to the sustainable development of their region, and influence the visitors' views and behaviors by raising environmental awareness.

Auf die globalen Herausforderungen und die anhaltende Schuldenkrise mussen Staats- und Firmenlenker in Europa klare Antworten finden. Die neue Triade China-Indien-Russland bietet eine einmalige Chance fur zusatzliches Wachstum und Innovationen. Basierend auf langjahrigen Projekterfahrungen mit europaischen Technologiefuhrern wird ein praxisorientiertes Konzept vorgestellt mit dem es Managern gelingt Grosskunden zu gewinnen, Lieferketten zu optimieren und Wettbewerber zuruckzudrangen. Dieses Buch gibt Fuhrungskraften ein fundiertes Rustzeug an die Hand, damit sie in einem komplexen und dynamischen Umfeld den Weg der Marktfuhrerschaft einschlagen koennen.

Today, most firms employ online and offline distribution channels. Customers combine both channels for information search and purchase. However, researchers and practitioners are still lacking insight concerning the creation of additional customer value, in terms of a seamless purchase experience, by combining the online and offline channels. Also, it is unclear if these channel integration activities can actually help multichannel firms obtain a strategic advantage over their online pureplay competitors. Jochen Binder investigates how, why, and to what extent an integrated online channel increases customer value and leads to higher willingness to pay, customer loyalty and purchase intention in a firm's online and offline stores.

This book collects and reports on the results of a study conducted on the Chinese Software and Services Outsourcing (SSO) industry, focusing on one of its main players as a key case study. Two sets of research findings are presented: first, the knowledge management and communication processes inherent within a highly collaborative software development project between the case study company and one of its long-term UK clients are explored and distilled into specific practices; second, at the organizational level, the strategies used by the company to build and exploit capabilities and to dynamically configure resources to promote specific value positions along its outsourced services value networks are identified and discussed. The significance of these findings for similar China-based global high-tech firms and the value of this organizational form in moving closer to the goals of the 2020 enterprise vision are both discussed, along with the implications of the findings for EU/UK businesses operating in similar digital domains.

The social web is defined as the social part of the Internet that enables (personally unknown) people to socially interact with each other in order to cherish friendships and make new acquaintances. The social web's current significance exceeds this initial focus, by also encompassing corporate and commercial activities. Nadine Chehimi examines to what extent the social web influences the information process of German hotel guests. In addition to the presentation of the social web's development and current state of use, general and tourist information processes as well as the German hotel market are described. With the help of a standardized guest survey, the author presents the exact role the social web currently plays in the tourist information search.

This book provides a road-map to successful implementation of strategic outsourcing programmes, providing down-to-earth approaches to outsourcing decision making and programme management, based on a grass-roots understanding. A practitioner-focused book for business leaders and managers providing a holistic view of strategic outsourcing, covering the three essential pillars of success: risks, rewards and relationships. The author shows how business leaders can transform organisational business models, structures and mind-sets, taking the reader on a journey through the book's fifteen chapters, helping the reader truly grasp: the drivers for change as a result of globalisation and convergence and their impact on organisational strategies; how outsourcing can transform the various processes and functions of an organisation; the impact outsourcing is having on various industry vertical sectors; the eight foundations of successful strategic outsourcing programmes, which when combined with strategic decision-making knowledge, guarantees that organisations embarking on the strategic outsourcing journey, derive the transformational benefits they seek.

This book is about the history of product variety in the US automotive industry from the black Ford-T to hot-rodders and easy-riders up to latest trends. It focuses on the dual structure of automotive industry in the United States: on one hand, relatively few and large companies producing cars that apparently achieve a degree of market power through product differentiation, and on the other hand, a relatively small niche market with distinct and smaller producers offering specialty equipment to enhance the performance, appearance, and handling of vehicles. The book presents novel results from an in-depth study with implications for both economic theory and the management of product variety.

Christoph Schroeder does one of the first attempts to analyze format transfers within the scope of different strategies, format elements, countries and success with focus on the fashion industry. Three distinct format transfer strategies are identified. The empirically observed design of format elements supports and extends the existing research. Fashion firms standardize their "Retail culture", which acts as a foundation for a successful format transfer strategy (core elements). New insights are provided with regard to format transfer into foreign countries as well as over a timeframe of five years. International retailers face specific challenges with regard to the decision on their retail format abroad, which is known as an important success driver. They may transfer their format elements unchanged or may adapt those elements. One successful strategy is known to be an unchanged format replication, which is linked to the fashion industry.

Stefan R. Thallmaier's investigation enables mass customization businesses to better understand how co-design increases customers' value perception. He focuses on the increasing proliferation of service channels (online, mobile and in-store) and digital media (toolkits, social media and live help) at the co-design interface. Based on qualitative and quantitative research, the author examines how this proliferation impacts customers' value perception in the different stages of the co-design process. The research shows that customers' value perception profits from varying levels of social presence throughout the co-design process. The work helps researchers and practitioners with surprising insights as well as hands-on recommendations to improve and adapt interfaces for customer co-design.

The study of power is the nucleus of political science and international relations. As a shift of power from traditional industrial countries to emerging powers has been perceived since the turn of the century, this book aims to present innovative theoretical and empirical approaches that can increase our understanding of this transition. Scholars from the fields of international relations, international political economy, economics and security studies not only explore current theoretical debates on 'power' and 'power shifts' among entities, but also provide fresh insights into relevant aspects of international power in the 21st century. With a particular focus on aspects of international security, trade and production, new methods of identifying power and its sources are presented, and their potential implications and challenges are discussed.