The state-of-the-art in fluvial hydrodynamics can be examined only through a careful exploration of the theoretical development and applied engineering technology. The book is primarily focused, since most up-to-date research findings in the field are presented, on the research aspects that involve a comprehensive knowledge of sediment dynamics in turbulent flows. It begins with the fundamentals of hydrodynamics and particle motion followed by turbulence characteristics related to sediment motion. Then, the sediment dynamics is analysed from a classical perspective by applying the mean bed shear approach and additionally incorporating a statistical description for the role of turbulence. The work finally examines the local scour problems at hydraulic structures and scale models. It is intended to design as a course textbook in graduate / research level and a guide for the field engineers as well, keeping up with modern technological developments. Therefore, as a simple prerequisite, the background of the readers should have a basic knowledge in hydraulics in undergraduate level and an understanding of fundamentals of calculus.

This book describes wetting fundamentals and reviews the standard protocol for contact angle measurements. The authors include a brief overview of applications of contact angle measurements in surface science and engineering. They also discuss recent advances and research trends in wetting fundamentals and include measurement techniques and data interpretation of contract angles.

Rationality - as opposed to 'ad-hoc' - and asymptotics - to emphasize the fact that perturbative methods are at the core of the theory - are the two main concepts associated with the Rational Asymptotic Modeling (RAM) approach in fluid dynamics when the goal is to specifically provide useful models accessible to numerical simulation via high-speed computing. This approach has contributed to a fresh understanding of Newtonian fluid flow problems and has opened up new avenues for tackling real fluid flow phenomena, which are known to lead to very difficult mathematical and numerical problems irrespective of turbulence. With the present scientific autobiography the author guides the reader through his somewhat non-traditional career; first discovering fluid mechanics, and then devoting more than fifty years to intense work in the field. Using both personal and general historical contexts, this account will be of benefit to anyone interested in the early and contemporary developments of an important branch of theoretical and computational fluid mechanics.

This book gives a brief but thorough introduction to the fascinating subject of non-Newtonian fluids, their behavior and mechanical properties. After a brief introduction of what characterizes non-Newtonian fluids in Chapter 1 some phenomena characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids are presented in Chapter 2. The basic equations in fluid mechanics are discussed in Chapter 3. Deformation kinematics, the kinematics of shear flows, viscometric flows, and extensional flows are the topics in Chapter 4. Material functions characterizing the behavior of fluids in special flows are defined in Chapter 5. Generalized Newtonian fluids are the most common types of non-Newtonian fluids and are the subject in Chapter 6. Some linearly viscoelastic fluid models are presented in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8 the concept of tensors is utilized and advanced fluid models are introduced. The book is concluded with a variety of 26 problems. Solutions to the problems are ready for instructors

This book is a collection of extended papers based on presentations given during the SIMHYDRO 2014 conference, held in Sophia Antipolis in June 2014. It focuses on the modeling and simulation of fast hydraulic transients, on 3D modeling, and on uncertainties and multiphase flows. The book explores both the limitations and performance of current models and presents the latest developments based on new numerical schemes, high-performance computing, multiphysics and multiscale methods, and better interaction with field or scale model data. It addresses the interests of practitioners, stakeholders, researchers and engineers active in this field.

This book discusses hydrodynamic lubrication in detail, based on the author's own researches. Although this subject plays an important role in mechanical engineering, few books have been published on the subject. The first four chapters of this book are preparations for the following five. This book was written with graduate students, researchers and designers in view.

Hybrid modelling of turbulent flows, combining RANS and LES techniques, has received increasing attention over the past decade to fill the gap between (U)RANS and LES computations in aerodynamic applications at industrially relevant Reynolds numbers. With the advantage of hybrid RANS-LES modelling approaches, being considerably more computationally efficient than full LES and more accurate than (U)RANS, particularly for unsteady aerodynamic flows, has motivated numerous research and development activities. These activities have been increasingly stimulated by the provision of modern computing facilities. The present book contains the contributions presented at the Third Symposium on Hybrid RANS-LES Methods, held in Gdansk, Poland, 10-12 June 2009. To a certain extent, this conference was a continuation of the first symposium taking place in Stockholm (Sweden, 2005) and the second in Corfu (Greece, 2007). Motivated by the extensive interest in the research community, the papers presented at the Corfu symposium were published by Springer in the book entitled “Advances in Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling” (in Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, Vol. 97). At the Gdansk symposium, along with four invited keynotes, given respectively by S. Fu, U. Michel, M. Sillen and P. Spalart, another 28 papers were presented on the following topics: Unsteady RANS, LES, Improved DES Methods, Hybrid RANS-LES Methods, DES versus URANS and other Hybrid Methods, Modelli- related Numerical Issues and Industrial Applications. After the symposium all full papers have been further reviewed and revised for publication in the present book.

The 26th International Symposium on Shock Waves in Göttingen, Germany was jointly organised by the German Aerospace Centre DLR and the French-German Research Institute of Saint Louis ISL. The year 2007 marked the 50th anniversary of the Symposium, which first took place in 1957 in Boston and has since become an internationally acclaimed series of meetings for the wider Shock Wave Community. The ISSW26 focused on the following areas: Shock Propagation and Reflection, Detonation and Combustion, Hypersonic Flow, Shock Boundary Layer Interaction, Numerical Methods, Medical, Biological and Industrial Applications, Richtmyer Meshkov Instability, Blast Waves, Chemically Reacting Flows, Diagnostics, Facilities, Flow Visualisation, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Multiphase Flow, Nozzles Flows, Plasmas and Propulsion. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 26 and individuals interested in these fields.

Aircraft concepts are always driven by the requirements of the desired m- sion. A di?erent purpose for the use of the aircraft consequently results in a di?erent design. Therefore, depending on the intended outcome, con?i- ing requirements need to be ful?lled, for example, e?cient cruise speed and greatercargocapabilities, in combinationwith shorttake-o?andlanding ?eld lengths, or high speed and agility combined with variable payload demands. Due to the highly complex, non-linear physical environment in which aircraft operate, this task demands that the most advanced methods and tools are employed, to gain the necessary understanding of ?ow phenomena, and to exploit the ?ow physics to achieve maximum aircraft e?ciency. Inthe naturalsciences, researcherstry to create andextend humankno- edge by understanding and explaining the mechanisms of physical processes. In engineering, a designer is limited by certain requirements, and in order to ful?l these requirements the necessary technical tools need to be designed. In general, for a given problem the corresponding scienti?c or technical solution is sought. In order to successfully advance from a problem towards a solution, three main methods may be used. The two classical methods include theory and experiment, which are now being complemented by a third method, - scribedasnumericalsimulation.Theexperimentalapproachis basedonph- ical observation, measurement of relevant values, and methodical variation of the subject matter. For example, such experiments are used to gain a ph- ical understanding as well as to validate and investigate design alternative

This book contains contributions presented at the Active Flow Control 2006 conference, held September 2006, at the Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany. It contains a well balanced combination of theoretical and experimental state-of-the-art results of Active Flow Control. Coverage combines new developments in actuator technology, sensing, robust and optimal open- and closed-loop control and model reduction for control.

This comprehensive and carefully edited volume presents a variety of experimental methods used in Shock Waves research. In 14 self contained chapters this 9th volume of the "Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library" presents the experimental methods used in Shock Tubes, Shock Tunnels and Expansion Tubes facilities. Also described is their set-up and operation. The uses of an arc heated wind tunnel and a gun tunnel are also contained in this volume. Whenever possible, in addition to the technical description some typical scientific results obtained using such facilities are described. Additionally, this authoritative book includes techniques for measuring physical properties of blast waves and laser generated shock waves. Information about active shock wave laboratories at different locations around the world that are not described in the chapters herein is given in the Appendix, making this book useful for every researcher involved in shock/blast wave phenomena.

The University of Manchester hosted the 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves between 17 and 22 July 2011. The International Symposium on Shock Waves first took place in 1957 in Boston and has since become an internationally acclaimed series of meetings for the wider Shock Wave Community. The ISSW28 focused on the following areas: Blast Waves, Chemically Reacting Flows, Dense Gases and Rarefied Flows, Detonation and Combustion, Diagnostics, Facilities, Flow Visualisation, Hypersonic Flow, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Multiphase Flow, Nozzle Flow, Numerical Methods, Propulsion, Richtmyer-Meshkov, Shockwave Boundary Layer Interaction, Shock Propagation and Reflection, Shock Vortex Interaction, Shockwave Phenomena and Applications, as well as Medical and Biological Applications. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 28 and individuals interested in these fields.

This volume offers a comprehensive examination of the subject of heat and mass transfer with nanofluids as well as a critical review of the past and recent research projects in this area. Emphasis is placed on the fundamentals of the transport processes using particle-fluid suspensions, such as nanofluids. The nanofluid research is examined and presented in a holistic way using a great deal of our experience with the subjects of continuum mechanics, statistical thermodynamics, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of transport processes. Using a thorough database, the experimental, analytical, and numerical advances of recent research in nanofluids are critically examined and connected to past research with medium and fine particles as well as to functional engineering systems. Promising applications and technological issues of heat/mass transfer system design with nanofluids are also discussed. This book also: Provides a deep scientific analysis of nanofluids using classical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics to explain and interpret experimental observations Presents the theory and experimental results for both thermodynamic and transport properties Examines all transport properties and transport processes as well as their relationships through the pertinent macroscopic coefficients Combines recent knowledge pertaining to nanofluids with the previous fifty years of research on particulate flows, including research on transient flow and heat transfer of particulate suspensions Conducts an holistic examination of the material from more than 500 archival publications

Praise for Hemo-Dynamics: "This book provides an elegant and intuitive derivation of the fundamental mathematics underlying fluid flow, and then applies these in a straightforward way to pulsatile blood flow in all its complexity. One of the triumphs of the book is that Zamir succeeds in making essential concepts such as the Navier-Stokes equations completely accessible to any reader with a knowledge of basic calculus. The author succeeds in conveying both the beauty of his subject matter, and his passion for the elegance and intricacies of fluid flow more generally." Lindi Wahl, PhD, Professor of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario "Incredible, the figures alone are to die for... At first glance "Hemo-Dynamics" seems like a deep engineering and modeling dive into the mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system, blood, and how they interact to generate flow and pressure. However, the text is laid out in a stepwise manner and I was especially impressed in the way that the key conceptual figures illustrate the essential concepts. In keeping with the philosophical underpinnings of engineering, Professor Zamir has also constructed his book so that the format, text, equations and the figures are self-reinforcing. This isa book that will be of great use to those who seek to understand the cardiovascular system from a mechanical and m odeling perspective." Michael J. Joyner, MD, Professor of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN

This book focuses on the most recent advances in the application of visualization and simulation methods to understand the flow behavior of complex fluids used in biomedical engineering and other related fields. It shows the physiological flow behavior in large arteries, microcirculation, respiratory systems and in biomedical microdevices.

The book presents a synopsis of the main results achieved during the 3 year EU-project "Advanced Inflight Measurement Techniques (AIM)" which applied advanced image based measurement techniques to industrial flight testing. The book is intended to be not only an overview on the AIM activities but also a guide on the application of advanced optical measurement techniques for future flight testing. Furthermore it is a useful guide for engineers in the field of experimental methods and flight testing who face the challenge of a future requirement for the development of highly accurate non-intrusive in-flight measurement techniques.

This book reflects the outcome of the 1st International Workshop on Turbulent Spray Combustion held in 2009 in Corsica (France). The focus is on reporting the progress of experimental and numerical techniques in two-phase flows, with emphasis on spray combustion. The motivation for studies in this area is that knowledge of the dominant phenomena and their interactions in such flow systems is essential for the development of predictive models and their use in combustor and gas turbine design. This necessitates the development of accurate experimental methods and numerical modelling techniques. The workshop aimed at providing an opportunity for experts and young researchers to present the state-of-the-art, discuss new developments or techniques and exchange ideas in the areas of experimentations, modelling and simulation of reactive multiphase flows. The first two papers reflect the contents of the invited lectures, given by experts in the field of turbulent spray combustion. The first concerns computational issues, while the second deals with experiments. These lectures initiated very interesting and interactive discussions among the researchers, further pursued in contributed poster presentations. Contributions 3 and 4 focus on some aspects of the impact of the interaction between fuel evaporation and combustion on spray combustion in the context of gas turbines, while the final article deals with the interaction between evaporation and turbulence.

This book is dedicated to the tube flow of viscoelastic fluids and Newtonian single and multi-phase particle-laden fluids. This succinct volume collects the most recent analytical developments and experimental findings, in particular in predicting the secondary field, highlighting the historical developments which led to the progress made. This book brings a fresh and unique perspective and covers and interprets efforts to model laminar flow of viscoelastic fluids in tubes and laminar and turbulent flow of single and multi-phase particle-laden flow of linear fluids in the light of the latest findings.

The volumes in this authoritative series present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms when the vessel lumen caliber varies markedly. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning. Volume 3 is devoted to the set of mediators of the cell surface, especially ion and molecular carriers and catalytic receptors that, once liganded and activated, initiate signal transduction pathways. Intracellular cascades of chemical reactions trigger the release of substances stored in cellular organelles and/or gene transcription and protein synthesis. Primary mediators are included in models of regulated cellular processes, but multiple secondary signaling components are discarded to allow simple, representative modeling and to manage their inverse problems.

The volumes in this authoritative series present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. Volume 5 is devoted to cells, tissues, and organs of the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems with an emphasis on mechanotransduction-based regulation of flow. The blood vessel wall is a living tissue that quickly reacts to loads applied on it by the flowing blood. In any segment of a blood vessel, the endothelial and smooth muscle cells can sense unusual time variations in small-magnitude wall shear stress and large-amplitude wall stretch generated by abnormal hemodynamic stresses. These cells respond with a short-time scale (from seconds to hours) to adapt the vessel caliber. Since such adaptive cell activities can be described using mathematical models, a key objective of this volume is to identify the mesoscopic agents and nanoscopic mediators required to derive adequate mathematical models. The resulting biomathematical models and corresponding simulation software can be incorporated into platforms developed in virtual physiology for improved understanding and training.

This book offers a comprehensive collection of the most advanced numerical techniques for the efficient and effective solution of simulation and optimization problems governed by systems of time-dependent differential equations. The contributions present various approaches to time domain decomposition, focusing on multiple shooting and parareal algorithms. The range of topics covers theoretical analysis of the methods, as well as their algorithmic formulation and guidelines for practical implementation. Selected examples show that the discussed approaches are mandatory for the solution of challenging practical problems. The practicability and efficiency of the presented methods is illustrated by several case studies from fluid dynamics, data compression, image processing and computational biology, giving rise to possible new research topics. This volume, resulting from the workshop Multiple Shooting and Time Domain Decomposition Methods, held in Heidelberg in May 2013, will be of great interest to applied mathematicians, computer scientists and all scientists using mathematical methods.

Atomization and sprays are used in a wide range of industries: mechanical, chemical, aerospace, and civil engineering; material science and metallurgy; food; pharmaceutical, forestry, environmental protection; medicine; agriculture; meteorology and others. Some specific applications are spray combustion in furnaces, gas turbines and rockets, spray drying and cooling, air conditioning, powdered metallurgy, spray painting and coating, inhalation therapy, and many others. The Handbook of Atomization and Sprays will bring together the fundamental and applied material from all fields into one comprehensive source. Subject areas included in the reference are droplets, theoretical models and numerical simulations, phase Doppler particle analysis, applications, devices and more.

Viscous flow is treated usually in the frame of boundary-layer theory and as two-dimensional flow. Books on boundary layers give at most the describing equations for three-dimensional boundary layers, and solutions often only for some special cases. This book provides basic principles and theoretical foundations regarding three-dimensional attached viscous flow. Emphasis is put on general three-dimensional attached viscous flows and not on three-dimensional boundary layers. This wider scope is necessary in view of the theoretical and practical problems to be mastered in practice. The topics are weak, strong, and global interaction, the locality principle, properties of three-dimensional viscous flow, thermal surface effects, characteristic properties, wall compatibility conditions, connections between inviscid and viscous flow, flow topology, quasi-one- and two-dimensional flows, laminar-turbulent transition and turbulence. Though the primary flight speed range is that of civil air transport vehicles, flows past other flying vehicles up to hypersonic speeds are also considered. Emphasis is put on general three-dimensional attached viscous flows and not on three-dimensional boundary layers, as this wider scope is necessary in view of the theoretical and practical problems that have to be overcome in practice. The specific topics covered include weak, strong, and global interaction; the locality principle; properties of three-dimensional viscous flows; thermal surface effects; characteristic properties; wall compatibility conditions; connections between inviscid and viscous flows; flow topology; quasi-one- and two-dimensional flows; laminar-turbulent transition; and turbulence. Detailed discussions of examples illustrate these topics and the relevant phenomena encountered in three-dimensional viscous flows. The full governing equations, reference-temperature relations for qualitative considerations and estimations of flow properties, and coordinates for fuselages and wings are also provided. Sample problems with solutions allow readers to test their understanding.

This volume contains papers presented at the International conference "The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III: Trucks, Buses and Trains" held in Potsdam, Germany, September 12-17, 2010 by Engineering Conferences International (ECI). Leading scientists and engineers from industry, universities and research laboratories, including truck and high-speed train manufacturers and operators were brought together to discuss computer simulation and experimental techniques to be applied for the design of more efficient trucks, buses and high-speed trains in the future. This conference was the third in the series after Monterey-Pacific Groove in 2002 and Lake Tahoe in 2007.The presentations address different aspects of train aerodynamics (cross wind effects, underbody flow, tunnel aerodynamics and aeroacoustics, experimental techniques), truck aerodynamics (drag reduction, flow control, experimental and computational techniques) as well as computational fluid dynamics and bluff body, wake and jet flows.

Aerodynamic design, like many other engineering applications, is increasingly relying on computational power. The growing need for multi-disciplinarity and high fidelity in design optimization for industrial applications requires a huge number of repeated simulations in order to find an optimal design candidate. The main drawback is that each simulation can be computationally expensive - this becomes an even bigger issue when used within parametric studies, automated search or optimization loops, which typically may require thousands of analysis evaluations. The core issue of a design-optimization problem is the search process involved. However, when facing complex problems, the high-dimensionality of the design space and the high-multi-modality of the target functions cannot be tackled with standard techniques. In recent years, global optimization using meta-models has been widely applied to design exploration in order to rapidly investigate the design space and find sub-optimal solutions. Indeed, surrogate and reduced-order models can provide a valuable alternative at a much lower computational cost. In this context, this volume offers advanced surrogate modeling applications and optimization techniques featuring reasonable computational resources. It also discusses basic theory concepts and their application to aerodynamic design cases. It is aimed at researchers and engineers who deal with complex aerodynamic design problems on a daily basis and employ expensive simulations to solve them.