Pneumatic conveying is one of the most popular methods of handling bulk powdered and granular materials in mining, chemical and agricultural industries. This 3rd edition of this successful book covers both theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. It is unique in its blending of academic materials and good industrial design techniques. Each topic is covered in depth, with emphasis placed on the latest techniques, hardware systems and design and research methodology. Its comprehensive worked examples and table ensure that the reader need not consult any other reference material. In this 3rdedition new sections on simulation and modelling have been added, while the use of tomography as a tool for monitoring pneumatic conveying is also covered."

This volume contains twenty contributions of work, conducted since 1996 in the French- German Research Programme "Numerical Flow Simulation" of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The main purpose of this publication is to give an overview over the work conducted in this programme, and to make the results obtained available to the pUblic. The reports are grouped under the four headings "Development of Solution Techniques", "Crystal Growth and Melts", "Flows of Reacting Gases" and "Turbulent Flows". AIl contributions to this publica- tion were reviewed by a board consisting of T. Alziary de Roquefort (Poitiers, France), P. Bontoux (Marseille, France), JA Desideri (Sophia-Antipolis, France), W. Kordulla (G6t- tingen, Germany), R. Peyret (Nice, France), R. Rannacher (Heidelberg, Germany), G. War- necke (Magdeburg, ,Germany), and the editor. The responsibility for the contents of the reports nevertheless lies with the authors. E. H. Hirschel Editor Preface The Colloquium on "Numerical Simulation of Flows", Marseille, November 21 and 22, th 1997, was the 6 Joint CNRS-DFG Colloquium organized in the frame of the French- German Research Collaboration on Computational Fluid Dynamics. This Collaborative Program was elaborated progressively since 1991, when the two major research groups were brought together: the Priority Program "Flow Simulation with Super Computers" from the DFG in Germany and the Groupement de Recherche de "Mecanique des Fluides NumCrique" (GDR MFN) from the CNRS in France.

This technical book considers the application side of LDA techniques. Starting from the basic theories that are crucial for each LDA user, the main subject of the book is focused on diverse application methods. In details, it deals with universal methodical techniques that have been mostly developed in the last 15 years. The book thus gives for the first time an application reference for LDA users in improving the optical conditions and enhancing the measurement accuracies. It also provides the guidelines for simplifying the measurements and correcting measurement errors as well as for clarifying the application limits and extending the application areas of LDA techniques. Beside the treatments of some traditional optical and flow mechanical features influencing the measurement accuracies, the book shows a broad spectrum of LDA application methods in the manner of measuring the flow turbulence, resolving the secondary flow structures, and quantifying the optical aberrations at measurements of internal flows etc.. Thus, it also supports the further developments of both the hard- and software of LDA instrumentations.

Natural Convection in Composite Fluid-Porous Domains provides a timely overview of the current state of understanding on the phenomenon of convection in composite fluid-porous layers. Natural convection in horizontal fluid-porous layers has received renewed attention because of engineering problems such as post-accident cooling of nuclear reactors, contaminant transport in groundwater, and convection in fibrous insulation systems. Because applications of the problem span many scientific domains, the book serves as a valuable resource for a wide audience.

With continuous development of modern computing hardware and applicable - merical methods, computational ?uid dynamics (CFD) has reached certain level of maturity so that it is being used routinely by scientists and engineers for ?uid ?ow analysis. Since most of the real-life applications involve some kind of optimization, it has been natural to extend the use of CFD tools from ?ow simulation to simu- tion based optimization. However, the transition from simulation to optimization is not straight forward, it requires proper interaction between advanced CFD meth- ologies and state-of-the-art optimization algorithms. The ultimate goal is to achieve optimal solution at the cost of few ?ow solutions. There is growing number of - search activities to achieve this goal. This book results from my work done on simulation based optimization problems at the Department of Mathematics, University of Trier, and reported in my postd- toral thesis ("Habilitationsschrift") accepted by the Faculty-IV of this University in 2008. The focus of the work has been to develop mathematical methods and - gorithms which lead to ef?cient and high performance computational techniques to solve such optimization problems in real-life applications. Systematic development of the methods and algorithms are presented here. Practical aspects of implemen- tions are discussed at each level as the complexity of the problems increase, suppo- ing with enough number of computational examples.

In this issue of Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM) the results of the collaborative research center SFB 401 Flow Modulation and Fluid-Structure Interaction at Airplane Wings at the Rheinisch-Westf. alische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University are reported. The funding was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgeme- schaft (DFG). The research was performed from 1997 through 2008 and on the average consisted of more than 14 subprojects per year. Approximately 110 scientists from universities of the Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, S- den, Switzerland, United States, and international research organizations such as DLR, NASA, NLR, ONERA were invited. The distinct scientists from all over the world gave seminars on topics related to the research ?elds tackled in the collaborative research center SFB 401. Some of them stayed for just a few days, others were hosted for a longer time to intensify the joint research. Besidesthescienti?cvaluetheFlow Modulation and Fluid-StructureInt- action at Airplane Wings programpossessesapronouncededucationalmerit. This becomes evident by the fact that 35 doctoral theses, 80 diploma theses, and 117 study theses were stimulated by the research program of the SFB 401 and ?nished before 2010. The authors of this issue of NNFM acknowledge the valuable support fromall guestscientists and everybodyscienti?callyinvolvedin the SFB 401.

The research work of the collaborative research center SFB401 Flow Modulation and Fluid-Structure Interaction at Airplane Wings at the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, which is reported in this book, was pos sible due to the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The proposal has been approved after evaluation by the referees of DFG selected from other universities and industry, which is gratefully acknowledged. The work is still in progress and now approved to continue until the end of year 2005. More than 50 scientists from universities of the United States, Russia, France, Italy, Japan, Great Britain, Sweden, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria and research orga nizations NASA, ONERA, NLR, DLR could be invited and have visited the research center, gave seminars on their research on related topics and some of them stayed longer for joined work. Besides its scientific value, also the importance of the pro gram for scientific educa tion becomes evident by looking at the numbers of completed theses, which are up to now about 15 doctoral theses, 40 diploma theses and 70 study theses. The authors of this book acknowledge the valuable support coming from all these persons and institutions. They are especially grateful to the referees having reviewed this work, A. Cohen (Universite Pierre et Marie Curie), J. Cooper (Manchester School of Engineering), W. Devenport (Virginia Tech.), M. Drela (MIT), F. Gern (Avionics Specialties Inc.), A. Griewank (TU Dresden), H. Honlinger (DLR), P."

This volume contains the papers of a German symposium dealing with research and project work in numerical and experimental aerodynamics and fluidmechanics for aerospace and other applications. It gives a broad overview over the ongoing work in this field in Germany.

Dropwise Condensation on Textured Surfaces presents a holistic framework for understanding dropwise condensation through mathematical modeling and meaningful experiments. The book presents a review of the subject required to build up models as well as to design experiments. Emphasis is placed on the effect of physical and chemical texturing and their effect on the bulk transport phenomena. Application of the model to metal vapor condensation is of special interest. The unique behavior of liquid metals, with their low Prandtl number and high surface tension, is also discussed. The model predicts instantaneous drop size distribution for a given level of substrate subcooling and derives local as well as spatio-temporally averaged heat transfer rates and wall shear stress.

This volume contains the description of an EC-sponsered program to study all relevant aspects of shock/ boundary-layer interaction control, the latter designed to improve aircraft performance at design (cruise) and off-design conditions. The work being presented includes a discussion of basic control experiments and the corresponding physical modeling, to account for shock control and a discussion of the airfoil experiments conducted for code validation and control assessment, in conjunction with the basic experiments and computations. The contents is comprised of a section giving a broad overview of the research carried out here and more detailed individual contributions by the participants in the research.
Der Band enthalt den Abschlussbericht eines von EU geforderten Projekts EUROSHOCK, das alle relevanten Aspekte der Kontrolle von Stossfronten und Grenzschichten (wichtig z.B. fur die Verbesserung der Flugeigenschaften von Fluzeugen) untersuchte. Neben einer ausfuhrlichen Diskussion der grundlegenden Kontrollexperimente und der zugrundeliegenden Modellierung werden auch die Versuche an Tragflachen beschrieben, die zur Validierung von Modellrechnungen durchgefuhrt werden. Daruber hinaus enthalt der Band auch die detaillierten Ergebnisse der Teilnehmer an dem Forschungsprogramm."

In the process industries, stiction is the most common performance-limiting valve problem and over the last decade numerous different techniques for overcoming it have been proposed. This book represents a comprehensive presentation of these methods, including their principles, assumptions, strengths and drawbacks. Guidelines and working procedures are provided for the implementation of each method and MATLAB (R)-based software can be downloaded from www.ualberta.ca/~bhuang/stiction-book enabling readers to apply the methods to their own data. Methods for the limitation of stiction effects are proposed within the general context of: oscillation detection in control loops, stiction detection, diagnosis and stiction quantification and diagnosis of multiple faults. The state-of-the-art algorithms presented in this book are demonstrated and compared in industrial case studies of diverse origin - chemicals, building, mining, pulp and paper, mineral and metal processing.

The?rstGermanedition of thebook"Fluiddynamicsofpackedcolumns with modern random and structured packings for gas/liquid systems" was published in 1991. It sold out within a few years. Added to this were numerous enquiries, in particular within the industry, prompting me to publish a second, extended edition. A packed column remains the core element of any diffusional separation process. This underlines the need for basic design principles for packed columns, which enhance the design process by making it more accurate and reliable. The SBD (suspended bed of droplets) model introduced in the ?rst German edition of the book was well received by the experts and is now used by a large number of com- nies in the industry, as it offers improved reliability in the ?uid dynamic design of packed columns. For the purpose of facilitating the design process, the SBD model was in- grated into the simulation programme ChemCAD. The software programme FDPAK, which is available for Windows, has certainly contributed to the widespread use of the SBD model. The programme is very user-friendly and the calculation results are p- sented in tabular as well as graphic form, showing ?ood load, pressure drop and hold-up diagrams in the entire operating range.

This short book deals with the mathematical modeling of jets impinging porous media. It starts with a short introduction to models describing turbulences in porous media as well as turbulent heat transfer. In its main part, the book presents the heat transfer of impinging jets using a local and a non-local thermal equilibrium approach.

Der Sammelband enthalt Beitrage einer Tagung uber die Simulation von dreidimensionalen Flussigkeiten. Sie geben einen Uberblick uber den Stand des Wissens auf dem Gebiet der numerischen Simulation der Turbulenz, angewandt auf eine weite Spanne von Problemen wie Aerodynamik, Nicht-Newtonsche Flussigkeiten, Konvektion.This volume contains the material presented at the IMACS-COST Conference on CFD, Three-Dimensional Complex Flows, held in Lausanne (Switzerland), September 13 - 15, 1995. It gives an overview of the current state of numerical simulation and turbulence modelling applied to a wide range of fluid flow problems such as an example aerodynamics, non-Newtonian flows, transition, thermal convection."

The dynamics of bodies containing fluids is a subject of long-standing im portance in many technical applications. The stability of motion of such bodies, in particular, has been the subject of study by Soviet engineers and applied mathematicians who have brought their fuH powers of analysis to bear on the problem, and have succeeded in developing a very weH-founded body of theory. It is difficult to find a more striking example anywhere of the application of the classical methods of analytical mechanics, together with more modern concepts of stability analysis, in such a comprehensive and elegent form as that presented by Profs. Moiseyev and Rumyantsev. Therefore, it is highly significant that this recent monograph has been trans lated and made available to the English-speaking community. H. NORMAN ABRAMSON San Antonio July, 1967 v Foreword During the last 15-20 years, problems of dynamics of rigid bodies with fluid-filled cavities have increasingly attracted the attention of scientists."

The present book contains papers that have been selected from contributions to the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows which was held from the 18th to 20th April 1977 at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. Attend ees from close to 20 countries presented over 100 contributions at this meeting in which many aspects of the current activities in turbulence research were covered. Five topics received particular attention at the Symposium: Free Flows Wall Flows Recirculating Flows Developments in Reynolds Stress Closures New Directions in Modeling This is also reflected in the five chapters of this book with contributions from research workers from different countries. Each chapter covers the most valuable contributions of the conference to the particular chapter topic. Of course, there were many additional good con tributions to each subject at the meeting but the limitation imposed on the length of this volume required that a selection be made. The realization of the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows was p- sible by the general support of: U. S. Army Research Office U. S. Navy Research Office Continuing Education Center of The Pennsylvania State University The conference organization was carried out by the organizing committee consisting of: F. Durst, Universitat Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Fed. Rep. of Germany V. W. Goldschmidt, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. , USA B. E. Launder, University of California, Davis, Calif. , USA F. W. Schmidt, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Penna.

This book showcases the application of carbon nanotubes as nanodelivery systems for copper atoms, using molecular dynamics simulations as a means of investigation. The nanodelivery system of the carbon nanotube presents the possible usage of the carbon structure in many areas in the future. This book is comprehensive and informative, and serves as a guide for any reader who wishes to perform a molecular dynamics simulation of his own and to conduct an analytical study of a molecular system.

The book focuses on the physical and mathematical foundations of model-based turbulence control: reduced-order modelling and control design in simulations and experiments. Leading experts provide elementary self-consistent descriptions of the main methods and outline the state of the art. Covered areas include optimization techniques, stability analysis, nonlinear reduced-order modelling, model-based control design as well as model-free and neural network approaches. The wake stabilization serves as unifying benchmark control problem.

In recent years there has been an unmistakable tendency for research in the fields of hydraulics and fluid mechanics to involve ever more sophisticated study of increasingly detailed aspects of problems, while in the process becoming further and further detached from the reali ties faced by practising engineers. At the same time, too many hy draulic engineers have continued to conduct model studies with the goal of obtaining ad-hoc solutions for specific problems, while direct ing little if any of their attention toward elucidation of the underlying mechanics and toward generalization of their results for future appli cation. It was against this background that the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM) and the International As sociation for Hydraulic Research (IAHR) were approached and asked to cosponsor the Symposium on Flow-Induced Structural Vibrations, which would have as its objective the promotion of interaction between the active researchers and the practitioners, and of communication between the different disciplines concerned. To this end, invitations were extended to individuals who together represented the full range of the investigation-application spectrum, and contributions were so licited from scientists and engineers who, in general, approach vi bration problems along different avenues. In soliciting contributions to the Symposium it was emphasized that priority would be given to IV Preface papers which shed light on the constituent phenomena involved in vi bration problems and thereby enhance our understanding of the basic vibration-inducing mechanisms."

Fluid-Structure Interaction: An Introduction to Finite Element Coupling fulfils the need for an introductive approach to the general concepts of Finite and Boundary Element Methods for FSI, from the mathematical formulation to the physical interpretation of numerical simulations. Based on the author s experience in developing numerical codes for industrial applications in shipbuilding and in teaching FSI to both practicing engineers and within academia, it provides a comprehensive and self contained guide that is geared toward both students and practitioners of mechanical engineering. Composed of six chapters, Fluid Structure Interaction: An Introduction to Finite Element Coupling progresses logically from formulations and applications involving structure and fluid dynamics, fluid and structure interactions and opens to reduced order-modelling for vibro-acoustic coupling. The author describes simple yet fundamental illustrative examples in detail, using analytical and/or semi analytical formulation & designed both to illustrate each numerical method and also to highlight a physical aspect of FSI. All proposed examples are simple enough to be computed by the reader using standard computational tools such as MATLAB, making the book a unique tool for self learning and understanding the basics of the techniques for FSI, or can serve as verification and validation test cases of industrial FEM/BEM codes rendering the book valuable for code verification and validation purposes.

The aim of the present book is to present theoretical nonlinear aco- tics with equal stress on physical and mathematical foundations. We have attempted explicit and detailed accounting for the physical p- nomena treated in the book, as well as their modelling, and the f- mulation and solution of the mathematical models. The nonlinear acoustic phenomena described in the book are chosen to give phy- cally interesting illustrations of the mathematical theory. As active researchers in the mathematical theory of nonlinear acoustics we have found that there is a need for a coherent account of this theory from a unified point of view, covering both the phenomena studied and mathematical techniques developed in the last few decades. The most ambitious existing book on the subject of theoretical nonlinear acoustics is "Theoretical Foundations of Nonlinear Aco- tics" by O. V. Rudenko and S. I. Soluyan (Plenum, New York, 1977). This book contains a variety of applications mainly described by Bu- ers' equation or its generalizations. Still adhering to the subject - scribed in the title of the book of Rudenko and Soluyan, we attempt to include applications and techniques developed after the appearance of, or not included in, this book. Examples of such applications are resonators, shockwaves from supersonic projectiles and travelling of multifrequency waves. Examples of such techniques are derivation of exact solutions of Burgers' equation, travelling wave solutions of Bu- ers' equation in non-planar geometries and analytical techniques for the nonlinear acoustic beam (KZK) equation.

The analysis and control of mixing is of great interest because of the potential for optimizing the performance of many flow processes. This monograph presents a unique overview of the physics, mathematics and state-of-the-art theoretical/numerical modeling and experimental investigations of mixing. It approaches the subject of mixing from many angles: presents theoretical and experimental results, discusses laminar and turbulent flows, considers macro and micro scales, elaborates on purely advective and advective-diffusive flows, and considers conceptual and industrial-relevant mixing devices. This monograph provides an essential reading for graduate students and postdoctoral researches interested in the investigation of mixing, and constitutes an indispensable reference for mechanical, chemical and aeronautical engineers, and applied mathematicians in universities and industries.

The geo-hydro-morphometry of the river Ganges has a history of long and wide variations as the river is continuously fed by the high Himalayas hill ranges, the highest in the world. The river is categorized as an international one, passing through several independent countries.
The major flow of the river used to flow through the branch river, Bhagirathi-Hooghly on the banks of which both city and port of Calcutta (now renamed Kolkata) are situated. However, due to massive tectonic and morphological changes, the flow through the branch river has gradually decreased resulting in enormous damages to the port and the city. After more than a century of investigations on the probable causes of deterioration and its remedies, a barrage across the river had been constructed near a place called Farakka in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal, India for diversion of a part of lean season flow (40,000 cu secs) from the parent river to the branch river for the resuscitation of the branch river and revitalization of the port of Calcutta.
The turmoil started since the construction of barrage between 1965-1975 and the major neighbouring countries, India and Bangladesh, were locked in the dispute over sharing the water of the parent river. After several rounds of discussions at different levels between the two countries, short-term agreements were signed two times, one in 1977 and the other in 1985, and finally one long term Treaty was signed in 1996 between the two countries in an atmosphere of peaceful co-existence.

Audience The book will be of interest to researchers and scientists, professionals and policymakers in water resources management and environmental science, conservation policy and development research.

The term transport phenomena is used to describe processes in which mass, momentum, energy and entropy move about in matter. Advances in Transport Phenomena provide state-of-the-art expositions of major advances by theoretical, numerical and experimental studies from a molecular, microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic or megascopic point of view across the spectrum of transport p- nomena, from scientific enquiries to practical applications. The annual review series intends to fill the information gap between regularly published journals and university-level textbooks by providing in-depth review articles over a broader scope than in journals. The authoritative articles, contributed by international- leading scientists and practitioners, establish the state of the art, disseminate the latest research discoveries, serve as a central source of reference for fundamentals and applications of transport phenomena, and provide potential textbooks to senior undergraduate and graduate students. The series covers mass transfer, fluid mechanics, heat transfer and thermo- namics. The 2009 volume contains the four articles on biomedical, environmental and nanoscale transports. The editorial board expresses its appreciation to the c- tributing authors and reviewers who have maintained the standard associated with Advances in Transport Phenomena. We also would like to acknowledge the efforts of the staff at Springer who have made the professional and attractive pr- entation of the volume. Serial Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Professor L. Q. Wang The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; lqwang@hku. hk Editors Professor A. R. Balakrishnan Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Professor A.

Natural fires can be considered as scale-dependant, non-linear processes of mass, momentum and heat transport, resulting from a turbulent reactive and radiative fluid medium flowing over a complex medium, the vegetal fuel. In natural outdoor conditions, the experimental study of natural fires at real scale needs the development of an original metrology, one able to capture the large range of time and length scales involved in its dynamic nature and also able to resist the thermal, mechanical and chemical aggression of flames on devices. Robust, accurate and poorly intrusive tools must be carefully set-up and used for gaining very fluctuating data over long periods. These signals also need the development of original post-processing tools that take into account the non-steady nature of their stochastic components. Metrology for Fire Experiments in Outdoor Conditions closely analyzes these features, and also describes measurements techniques, the thermal insulation of fragile electronic systems, data acquisition, measurement errors and optimal post-processing algorithms. This book is intended for practitioners as a reference guide for optimizing measurements techniques in an outdoor environment. Advanced-level students and researchers will also find the book invaluable.