The book presents a state-of-the-art overview of the fundamental theories, established models and ongoing research related to the modeling of these materials. Two approaches are conventionally used to develop constitutive relations for highly deformable fibrous materials. According to the phenomenological approach, a strain energy density function can be defined in terms of strain invariants. The other approach is based on kinetic theories, which treats a fibrous material as a randomly oriented inter-tangled network of long molecular chains bridged by permanent and temporary junctions. At the micro-level, these are associated with chemical crosslinks and active entanglements, respectively. The papers include carefully crafted overviews of the fundamental formulation of the three-dimensional theory from several points of view, and address their equivalences and differences. Also included are solutions to boundary-value problems which are amenable to experimental verification. A further aspect is the elasticity of filaments, stability of equilibrium and thermodynamics of the molecular network theory.

The M.I.T. Introductory Physics Series is the result of a program of careful study, planning, and development that began in 1960. The Education Research Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (formerly the Science Teaching Center) was established to study the process of instruction, aids thereto, and the learning process itself, with special reference to science teaching at the university level. Generous support from a number of foundations provided the means for assembling and maintaining an experienced staff to co-operate with members of the Institute's Physics Department in the examination, improvement, and development of physics curriculum materials for students planning careers in the sciences. After careful analysis of objectives and the problems involved, preliminary versions of textbooks were prepared, tested through classroom use at M.I.T. and other institutions, re-evaluated, rewritten, and tried again. Only then were the final manuscripts undertaken.

The book first introduces the concept of nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) and their two main definitions. The fundamental differences between classical linear normal modes (LNMs) and NNMs are explained and illustrated using simple examples. Different methods for computing NNMs from a mathematical model are presented. Both advanced analytical and numerical methods are described. Particular attention is devoted to the invariant manifold and normal form theories. The book also discusses nonlinear system identification.

The book describes behavior of materials (ductile, brittle and composites) under impact loadings and high strain rates. The three aspects: experimental, theoretical and numerical are in the focus of interest. Hopkinson bars are mainly used as experimental devices to describe dynamic behavior of materials. The precise description of experimental techniques and interpretation of wave interaction are carefully discussed. Theoretical background refers to rate dependent thermo viscoplastic formulation. This includes the discussion of well posedness of initial boundary value problems and the solution of the system of governing equations using numerical methods. Explicit time integration is used in computations to solve dynamic problems. In addition, many applications in aeronautic and automotive industries are exposed.

Recent increasing awareness of the ways in which vibrational effects can affect low-gravity experiments have renewed interest in the study of thermal vibrational convection across a wide range of fields. For example, in applications where vibrational effects are used to provide active control of heat and mass transfer, such as in heat exchangers, stirrers, mineral separators and crystal growth, a sound understanding of the fundamental theory is required. In Thermal Vibrational Convection, the authors present the theory of vibrational effects caused by a static gravity field, and of fluid flows which appear under vibration in fluid-filled cavities. The first part of the book discusses fluid-filled cavities where the fluid motion only appears in the presence of temperature non-uniformities, while the second considers those situations where the vibrational effects are caused by a non-uniform field. Throughout, the authors concentrate on consideration of high frequency vibrations, where averaging methods can be successfully applied in the study of the phenomena. Written by two of the pioneers in this field, Thermal Vibrational Convection will be of great interest to scientists and engineers working in the many areas that are concerned with vibration, and its effect on heat and mass transfer. These include hydrodynamics, hydro-mechanics, low gravity physics and mechanics, and geophysics. The rigorous approach adopted in presenting the theory of this fascinating and highly topical area will facilitate a greater understanding of the phenomena involved, and will lead to the development of more and better-designed experiments.

This two-volume book covers a wide range of experimental methods for testing and assessing buckling behavior for a variety of structures. It summarizes the state of the art of buckling theory and computations, and then investigates systematically the parameters that influence test results such as imperfections, boundary conditions, loading conditions, and residual stresses. Many typical tests are discussed and evaluated in detail in both volumes.

The first volume addresses basic concepts, columns, beams, arches, and plates. This second volume covers shells, stiffened plates and shells, composite structures, plastic buckling, cutout and damage effects, buckling under dynamic loads, thermal buckling, and nondestructive tests.

FRACTURE MECHANICS OF CONCRETE AND ROCK
This book offers engineers a unique opportunity to learn, from internationally recognized leaders in their field, about the latest theoretical advances in fracture mechanics in concrete, reinforced concrete structures, and rock. At the same time, it functions as a superb, graduate-level introduction to fracture mechanics concepts and analytical techniques.
Reviews, in depth, the basic theory behind fracture mechanics
* Covers the application of fracture mechanics to compression failure, creep, fatigue, torsion, and other advanced topics
* Extremely well researched, applies experimental evidence of damage to a wide range of design cases
* Supplies all relevant formulas for stress intensity
* Covers state-of-the-art linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) techniques for analyzing deformations and cracking
* Describes nonlinear fracture mechanics (NLFM) and the latest RILEM modeling techniques for testing nonlinear quasi-brittle materials
* And much more

Over the past few years, researchers employing techniques borrowed from fracture mechanics have made many groundbreaking discoveries concerning the causes and effects of cracking, damage, and fractures of plain and reinforced concrete structures and rock. This, in turn, has resulted in the further development and refinement of fracture mechanics concepts and tools. Yet, despite the field's growth and the growing conviction that fracture mechanics is indispensable to an understanding of material and structural failure, there continues to be a surprising shortage of textbooks and professional references on the subject.
Written by two of the foremost names in the field, Fracture Mechanics of Concrete fills that gap. The most comprehensive book ever written on the subject, it consolidates the latest theoretical research from around the world in a single reference that can be used by students and professionals alike.
Fracture Mechanics of Concrete is divided into two sections. In the first, the authors lay the necessary groundwork with an in-depth review of fundamental principles. In the second section, the authors vividly demonstrate how fracture mechanics has been successfully applied to failures occurring in a wide array of design cases. Key topics covered in these sections include:
* State-of-the-art linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) techniques for analyzing deformations and cracking
* Nonlinear fracture mechanics (NLFM) and the latest RILEM modeling techniques for testing nonlinear quasi-brittle materials
* The use of R-Curves to describe cracking and fracture in quasi-brittle materials
* The application of fracture mechanics to compression failure, creep, fatigue, torsion, and other advanced topics

The most timely, comprehensive, and authoritative book on the subject currently available, Fracture Mechanics of Concrete is both a complete instructional tool for academics and students in structural and geotechnical engineering courses, and an indispensable working resource for practicing engineers.

Stochastic Processes and Random Vibrations Theory and Practice JAlA-us SA3lnes University of Iceland, ReykjavA-k, Iceland This book covers the fundamental theory of stochastic processes for analysing mechanical and structural systems subject to random excitation, and also for treating random signals of a general nature with special emphasis on earthquakes and turbulent winds. Starting with basic probability calculus and the fundamental theory of stochastic processes, the author progresses onto engineering applications: systems analysis and treatment of random signals. The random excitation and response of simple mechanical systems and complex structural systems is discussed in some detail. Extreme conditions such as distribution of large vibration peaks, random excursions above certain limits and mechanical failure due to fatigue are then addressed. The text also offers a discussion of some well-known stochastic models and an introduction to signal processing and digital filters. Numerous worked examples are included: distribution of extreme wind speeds, analysis of structural reliability, earthquake response of a tall multi-storey structure, wind loading of tall towers, generation of random earthquake signals and earthquake risk analysis.

The significant increase in the use of composite materials in all phases of structures, from spacecraft to marine vessels, from bridges and domes on civil buildings to sporting goods, has called for the development of rigorous mathematical methods capable of modelling, designing and optimizing composites under any given set of conditions. This book provides solutions to many problems in the analysis of the effective and local properties of composite structures, as well as to problems of their design and optimization on account of strength, stiffness and weight minimization requirements. The numerous results are presented in the form of analytical formulas or numerical algorithms. Programs providing numerical solutions to many engineering analysis, design and optimization problems for the composite and reinforced structures, including fibre-reinforced materials, laminated and angle-ply shells and plates, ribbed, wafer and honeycomb-like composite shells and plates, are available on the Internet

This text provides the fundamental background in mechanics, materials, and numerical analysis necessary to understand the principles of metal forming and its analysis. Using a unified approach, the authors bridge traditional gaps between forming practitioners, manufacturing engineers, materials scientists, and mechanicians, to give readers a complete picture of the dynamic field of modern metal forming.

Covering the whole spectrum of vibration theory and its applications in both civil and mechanical engineering, Mechanical and Structural Vibrations provides the most comprehensive treatment of the subject currently available. Based on the author s many years of experience in both academe and industry, it is designed to function equally well as both a day-to-day working resource for practicing engineers and a superior upper-level undergraduate or graduate-level text.
Features a quick-reference format that, Mechanical and Structural Vibrations gives engineers instant access to the specific theory or application they need. Saves valuable time ordinarily spent wading through unrelated or extraneous material. And, while they are thoroughly integrated throughout the text, applications to both civil and mechanical engineering are organized into sections that permit the reader to reference only the material germane to his or her field.
Students and teachers will appreciate the book's practical, real-world approach to the subject, its emphasis on simplicity and accuracy of analytical techniques, and its straightforward, step-by-step delineation of all numerical methods used in calculating the dynamics and vibrations problems, as well as the numerous examples with which the author illustrates those methods. They will also appreciate the many chapter-end practice problems (solutions appear in appendices) designed to help them rapidly develop mastery of all concepts and methods covered.
Readers will find many versatile new concepts and analytical techniques not covered in other texts, including nonlinear analysis, inelastic response of structural and mechanical components of uniform and variable stiffness, the "dynamic hinge," "dynamically equivalent systems," and other breakthrough tools and techniques developed by the author and his collaborators.
Mechanical and Structural Vibrations is both an excellent text for courses in structural dynamics, dynamic systems, and engineering vibration and a valuable tool of the trade for practicing engineers working in a broad range of industries, from electronic packaging to aerospace.
Timely, comprehensive, practical--a superior student text and an indispensable working resource for busy engineers
Mechanical and Structural Vibrations is the first text to cover the entire spectrum of vibration theory and its applications in both civil and mechanical engineering. Written by an author with over a quarter century of experience as a teacher and practicing engineer, it is designed to function equally well as a working professional resource and an upper-level undergraduate or graduate-level text for courses in structural dynamics, dynamic systems, and engineering vibrations. Mechanical and Structural Vibrations:
* Takes a practical, application-oriented approach to the subject
* Features a quick-reference format that gives busy professionals instant access to the information needed for the task at hand
* Walks readers, step-by-step, through the numerical methods used in calculating the dynamics and vibration problems
* Introduces many cutting-edge concepts and analytical tools not covered in other texts
* Is packed with real-world examples covering everything from the stresses and strains on buildings during an earthquake to those affecting a space craft during lift-off
* Contains chapter-end problems--and solutions--that help students rapidly develop mastery of all important concepts and methods covered
* Is extremely well-illustrated and includes more than 300 diagrams, tables, charts, illustrations, and more

Control Systems: Classical, Modern, and AI-Based Approaches provides a broad and comprehensive study of the principles, mathematics, and applications for those studying basic control in mechanical, electrical, aerospace, and other engineering disciplines. The text builds a strong mathematical foundation of control theory of linear, nonlinear, optimal, model predictive, robust, digital, and adaptive control systems, and it addresses applications in several emerging areas, such as aircraft, electro-mechanical, and some nonengineering systems: DC motor control, steel beam thickness control, drum boiler, motional control system, chemical reactor, head-disk assembly, pitch control of an aircraft, yaw-damper control, helicopter control, and tidal power control. Decentralized control, game-theoretic control, and control of hybrid systems are discussed. Also, control systems based on artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms, termed as AI-based systems are studied and analyzed with applications such as auto-landing aircraft, industrial process control, active suspension system, fuzzy gain scheduling, PID control, and adaptive neuro control. Numerical coverage with MATLAB (R) is integrated, and numerous examples and exercises are included for each chapter. Associated MATLAB (R) code will be made available.

The Fifth Edition of this classic work retains the most useful portions of Timoshenko's book on vibration theory and introduces powerful, modern computational techniques. The normal mode method is emphasized for linear multi-degree and infinite-degree-of-freedom systems and numerical methods dominate the approach to nonlinear systems. A new chapter on the finite-element method serves to show how any continuous system can be discretized for the purpose of simplifying the analysis. Includes revised problems, examples of applications and computer programs.

Dislocation Based Crystal Plasticity: Theory and Computation at Micron and Submicron Scale provides a comprehensive introduction to the continuum and discreteness dislocation mechanism-based theories and computational methods of crystal plasticity at the micron and submicron scale. Sections cover the fundamental concept of conventional crystal plasticity theory at the macro-scale without size effect, strain gradient crystal plasticity theory based on Taylar law dislocation, mechanism at the mesoscale, phase-field theory of crystal plasticity, computation at the submicron scale, including single crystal plasticity theory, and the discrete-continuous model of crystal plasticity with three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics coupling finite element method (DDD-FEM). Three kinds of plastic deformation mechanisms for submicron pillars are systematically presented. Further sections discuss dislocation nucleation and starvation at high strain rate and temperature effect for dislocation annihilation mechanism.

"Waves and Structures in Nonlinear Nondispersive Media: General Theory and Applications to Nonlinear Acoustics " "is devoted completely to nonlinear structures. The general theory is given here in parallel with mathematical models. Many concrete examples illustrate the general analysis of Part I. Part II is devoted to applications to nonlinear acoustics, including specific nonlinear models and exact solutions, physical mechanisms of nonlinearity, sawtooth-shaped wave propagation, self-action phenomena, nonlinear resonances and engineering application (medicine, nondestructive testing, geophysics, etc.).

This book is designed for graduate and postgraduate students studying the theory of nonlinear waves of various physical nature. It may also be useful as a handbook for engineers and researchers who encounter the necessity of taking nonlinear wave effects into account of their work.

Dr. Gurbatov S.N. is the head of Department, and Vice Rector for Research of Nizhny Novgorod State University. Dr. Rudenko O.V. is the Full member of Russian Academy of Sciences, the head of Department at Moscow University and Professor at BTH (Sweden). Dr. Saichev A.I. is the Professor at the Faculty of Radiophysics of Nizhny Novgorod State University, Professor of ETH Zurich."

This is the first of two volumes introducing structural and continuum mechanics in a comprehensive and consistent way. The current book presents all theoretical developments both in text and by means of an extensive set of figures. This same approach is used in the many examples, drawings and problems. Both formal and intuitive (engineering) arguments are used in parallel to derive the principles used, for instance in bending moment diagrams and shear force diagrams. A very important aspect of this book is the straightforward and consistent sign convention, based on the stress definitions of continuum mechanics. The book is suitable for self-education.

The Collection embraces Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy into more than 50 categories, including Shock and Vibration, Damping in Solids, Nonlinear Modeling, Structural Health Modeling, Structural Dynamics, and Rotating Machinery. This the first volume of the five-volume set brings together 34 chapters on Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy.

Rotating Machinery, Structural Health Monitoring, Shock and Vibration, Volume 5 Proceedings of the 29th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2011, the fifth volume of six from the Conference, brings together 35 contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of Rotating Machinery, Structural Health Monitoring, as well as Shock and Vibration, along with other structural engineering areas.

"Mechanical Seal Practice For Improved Performance" is a practical text which provides a vast amount of solid and well tested guidance. It is a book which should be at the fingertips of all engineers concerned with mechanical seals.

COMPLETE CONTENTS:

Preface to First Edition.

Preface to Second Edition.

Editor's Comments.

Part I. Mechanical Seal Design.

Part II. Mechanical Seal Selection.

Part III. Pump Considerations.

Part IV. Verification of Seal Design.

Part V. Practical Considerations in Using Mechanical Seals.

Appendices.

Index.

This volume contains description of experimental and numerical results obtained in the UFAST project. The goal of the project was to generate experiment data bank providing unsteady characteristics of the shock boundary layer interaction. The experiments concerned basic-reference cases and the cases with application of flow control devices. Obtained new data bank have been used for the comparison with available simulation techniques, starting from RANS, through URANS, LES and hybrid RANS-LES methods. New understanding of flow physics as well as ability of different numerical methods in the prediction of such unsteady flow phenomena will be discussed.

Computational Structural Mechanics: Static and Dynamic Behaviors provides a cutting-edge treatment of functionally graded materials and the computational methods and solutions of FG static and vibration problems of plates. Using the Rayleigh-Ritz method, static and dynamic problems related to behavior of FG rectangular, Levy, elliptic, skew and annular plates are discussed in detail. A thorough review of the latest research results, computational methods and applications of FG technology make this an essential resource for researchers in academia and industry.

Hybrid modelling of turbulent flows, combining RANS and LES techniques, has received increasing attention over the past decade to fill the gap between (U)RANS and LES computations in aerodynamic applications at industrially relevant Reynolds numbers. With the advantage of hybrid RANS-LES modelling approaches, being considerably more computationally efficient than full LES and more accurate than (U)RANS, particularly for unsteady aerodynamic flows, has motivated numerous research and development activities. These activities have been increasingly stimulated by the provision of modern computing facilities. The present book contains the contributions presented at the Third Symposium on Hybrid RANS-LES Methods, held in Gdansk, Poland, 10-12 June 2009. To a certain extent, this conference was a continuation of the first symposium taking place in Stockholm (Sweden, 2005) and the second in Corfu (Greece, 2007). Motivated by the extensive interest in the research community, the papers presented at the Corfu symposium were published by Springer in the book entitled "Advances in Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling" (in Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, Vol. 97). At the Gdansk symposium, along with four invited keynotes, given respectively by S. Fu, U. Michel, M. Sillen and P. Spalart, another 28 papers were presented on the following topics: Unsteady RANS, LES, Improved DES Methods, Hybrid RANS-LES Methods, DES versus URANS and other Hybrid Methods, Modelli- related Numerical Issues and Industrial Applications. After the symposium all full papers have been further reviewed and revised for publication in the present book.

This book discusses the parametric modeling, performance evaluation, design optimization and comparative study of the high-speed, parallel pick-and-place robots. It collects the modeling methodology, evaluation criteria and design guidelines for parallel PnP robots to provide a systematic analysis method for robotic developers. Furthermore, it gathers the research results previously scattered in many prestigious international journals and conference proceedings and methodically edits them and presents them in a unified form. The book is of interest to researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in industrial parallel robotics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications.

Introduces the two most common numerical methods for heat transfer and fluid dynamics equations, using clear and accessible language. This unique approach covers all necessary mathematical preliminaries at the beginning of the book for the reader to sail smoothly through the chapters. Students will work step-by-step through the most common benchmark heat transfer and fluid dynamics problems, firmly grounding themselves in how the governing equations are discretized, how boundary conditions are imposed, and how the resulting algebraic equations are solved. Providing a detailed discussion of the discretization steps and time approximations, and clearly presenting concepts of explicit and implicit formulations, this graduate textbook has everything an instructor needs to prepare students for their exams and future careers. Each illustrative example shows students how to draw comparisons between the results obtained using the two numerical methods, and at the end of each chapter they can test and extend their understanding by working through the problems provided. A solutions manual is also available for instructors.