Regulating virtually all biological processes, the genome’s 2,654 newly discovered variants of mature microRNAs – short ribonucleic acid molecules found in eukaryotic cells – hold a key role in the body’s toolkit of regenerative and reparative capacities. Identifying how to activate and deliver these specialist molecules may aid in the repair and regeneration of major tissue and organ damage in future therapies. In MicroRNA and Regenerative Medicine, Second Edition, over 50 leading experts address foundational and emerging topics in the field. Concisely summarizing and evaluating key findings from new research and their translational application, contributors examine current and future significance of clinical research in the miRNA area. Coverage encompasses all major aspects of fundamental stem cell and developmental biology, including the uses of miRNA in cell and tissue plasticity, developmental biology, tissue repair, and regeneration. In particular, contributors provide focused coverage of methodologies for regenerative intervention and tissue engineering. Topics new to this edition include proteomic changes during tissue repair and regeneration, horizontal transfer of miRNAs in tissue regeneration, tissue stemness, peripheral nerve regeneration, miRNA as biomarkers, microRNA in pregnancy and embryo development, exogenous and diet derived microRNA in tissue development, ocular microRNA, mitochondrial microRNA, sensory hair cell death and regeneration, and microRNA in senescence.

Methods in Enzymology serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Navigating Non-coding RNA: From Biogenesis to Therapeutic Application provides a concise overview of the field of non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Chapters cover the history of discoveries that have occurred in the area of ncRNA, specific types of ncRNA, housekeeping ncRNAs such as ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, small nuclear RNA and telomerase RNA, regulatory ncRNAs such as microRNA, small interfering RNA, long non-coding RNA and Y RNA. Biogenesis, structure, function, and regulation of each of these are also explored, in addition to traditional and cutting-edge methods for the identification, functional characterization and structural characterization of ncRNA. The book also focuses on the different types of epitranscriptomic modifications and their involvement in regulating ncRNA structure, stability and intermolecular interactions in addition to the role of ncRNAs in a range of diseases and potential therapeutic applications.

DNA Repair, Volume 45 in The Enzymes series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on DNA polymerase beta and other gap-filling enzymes in mammalian base excision repair, Translesion polymerases, mechanism and function, The Rev1-Pol? Mutasome: Structure and Interactions in Translesion Synthesis, Challenges for base excision repair enzymes: acquiring access to damaged DNA in chromatin Nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage recognition mechanisms in mammalian nucleotide excision repair, Advances in understanding DNA mismatch repair, and more.

Enzymatic Polymerizations, Volume 627 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field.

Post-translational Modifications That Modulate Enzyme Activity, Volume 626 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Updated chapters include Crosstalk between cellular metabolism and histone acetylation, Isolation of protein complexes and modifications that regulate transcriptional machinery, High-throughput phosphoproteome mapping through multiplexed mass spectrometry, Differentiation of D and L epimerization in proteins, Biochemical analysis of protein arginylation, Site-specific Determination of lysine acetylation stoichiometries on the proteome-scale, Genomic and biochemical analysis of RNA post-transcriptional modifications, Isolation and characterization of glycosylated (neuro)peptides, and more.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, Volume 167, provides the most topical, informative and exciting monographs available on a wide variety of research topics related to Models and Biological Targets in Drug Discovery for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Novel Targets for Parkinson-Depression Co-morbidity. Utility of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Short Review of the Recent Pre-clinical and Clinical Findings, The Many Sides of Microglia in Alcohol Use Disorders, Stress, Anxiety, Molecular Targets and More, Calcineurin Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders, Emerging Evidence for the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase- Activating Peptide (PACAP) in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and more.

Nonheme Iron Enzymes: Structures and Mechanisms, Volume 117, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting new and interesting chapters on the topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells Part A, Volume 348 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on the Origin and Development of Dendritic Cells, Dendritic Cell Subsets and Locations, Antigen Processing and Presentation, The Interaction of Dendritic Cells With Cancer Cells, The Role of Dendritic Cells in Human Diseases, and Dendritic Cells-based Vaccines for Cancer Therapy.

The Chemical Dialogue Between Plants and Beneficial Microorganisms provides foundational insights on plant beneficial microorganisms and their impact on the health and productivity of plants. Providing in-depth and recent updates about unexplored aspects of plant microbes interactions, the book includes the biological repertoire of arbuscular mycorrhizal association, molecular architecture of Rhizobium-plant symbiosis, and endophytes in transcriptional plasticity during host colonization by endophytes. The book also includes details about the mechanism of different plant beneficial microorganisms, how these differ, and their cross signaling. This book will be an important reference for researchers working on different plant beneficial microorganisms and their molecular arsenal.

Microbial Endophytes: Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture discusses the practical and theoretical aspects regarding the use of endophytic microorganisms in agriculture, providing insights on the biotechnological applications associated with long-term crop production. Chapters deal with the various aspects of endophytic microorganisms, including isolation, enumeration, characterization procedures, diversity analysis, and their role as biofertilizer, biocontrol agent and microbial inoculants. Framed to discuss the present and future potential of microbial endophytes in biotic and abiotic stress management, bioremediation, bioactive compounds production, and in nanotechnology, this book provides a single-volume resource that will be valuable to academics and researchers interested in microbiology, agricultural sciences and biotechnology.

Methods in Kidney Cell Biology, Part B, Volume 154 represents state-of-the-art techniques in renal research that are ideal for veterans, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, clinical scientists and principal investigators. Topics in the new release include Single glomerular proteomics - a novel method in translational glomerular cell biology, Measurement of cytosolic and intraciliary calcium in live cells, Differentiation of human kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells, Quantifying autophagic flux in kidney tissue using structured illumination microscopy, the Generation of primary cells from ADPKD and normal human kidneys, ADPKD cell proliferation and Cl-dependent fluid secretion, In vitro cyst formation of ADPKD cells, and much more.

Model Ecosystems in Extreme Environments, Second Edition examines ecosystems at the most extreme habitats and their interaction with the environment, providing a key element in our understanding of the role and function of microorganisms in nature. The book highlights current topics in the field, such as biodiversity and the structure of microbial communities in extreme environments, the effects of extreme environmental conditions on microbial ecosystems, and ecological and evolutionary interactions in extreme environments, among other topics. It will be a valuable text for faculty and students working with extremophiles and/or microbial ecology and researchers, including astrobiologists, biologists, evolutionary scientists, astronomers, geochemists and oceanographers.

Nanotechnology in Modern Animal Biotechnology: Concepts and Applications discusses the advancement of nanotechnologies in almost every field, ranging from materials science, to food, forensic, agriculture and life sciences, including biotechnology and medicine. Nanotechnology is already being harnessed to address many of the key problems in animal biotechnology, with future applications covering animal biotechnology (e.g. animal nutrition, health, disease diagnosis, and drug delivery). This book provides the tools, ideas and techniques of nanoscale principles to investigate, understand and transform biological systems. Nanotechnology provides the ability to manipulate materials at atomic and molecular levels and also arrange atom-by-atom on a scale of ~1-100 nm to create, new materials and devices with fundamentally new functions and properties arising due to their small scale.

Optochemical Biology, Volume 624, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters on a variety of topics, including Cell Lineage Tracing in Zebrafish Embryos with an Expanded Genetic Code, Optical Control of Tumor Induction in the Zebrafish, Optogenetic Control by Pulsed Illumination, Optimizing the Photocontrol of bZIP Coiled Coils with Azobenzene Crosslinkers: Role of the Crosslinking Site, Site-Directed RNA Editing in Vivo Can Be Triggered by the Light-Driven Assembly of an Artificial Riboprotein, In Situ Formation of an Azo Bridge on Proteins Controllable by Visible Light, and much more.

Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy, Volume 152 in the Methods in Cell Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters focusing on FIB-SEM of mouse nervous tissue: fast and slow sample preparation, Serial-section electron microscopy using ATUM - Automated Tape collecting Ultra-Microtome, Software for automated acquisition of electron tomography tilt series, Scanning electron tomography of biological samples embedded in plastic, Cryo-STEM tomography for Biology, CryoCARE: Content-aware denoising of cryo-EM images and tomograms using artificial neural networks, Expedited large-volume 3-D SEM workflows for comparative vertebrate microanatomical imaging, and many other interesting topics.

The objective of this book is to bring into focus the practical application of the theoretical knowledge of crop physiology. This book on Crop Physiology describes basic principles and procedures with exercises dealing with demonstration of important physiological and metabolic processes viz. osmosis, diffusion, water potential, stomatal frequency and index, plant water status, water relation, Measurement of absorption spectrum of chloroplastic pigments and fluorescence, leaf area, plant growth and transpiration. Demonstration of photosynthesis, transpiration, relationship between absorption and transpiration, conditions for seed germination, seed viability and dormancy aspects, chemical solution preparation for physiological and biochemical analysis of plant samples.

RNA Recognition, Volume 623, the latest volume in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This updated volume covers a variety of topics, including The Preparation of cooperative RNA recognition complexes for crystallographic structural studies, Methods for thermal denaturation studies of fluorogenic aptamers, Dynamic combinatorial chemistry as a rapid, fragment-based approach to RNA-targeted compound discovery, Using a click chemistry assay to identify natural product ligands for pre-microRNAs, Lessons from exploration of chemical and structural small molecule:RNA space, Using ligand-observed NMR to study RNA-small molecule interactions, and much more.

Membrane Transporters in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Lung Disorders, Volume 83, the latest release in the Current Topics in Membranes series, highlights new advances in the field, with this volume presenting chapters from recognized experts on topics such as cardiotonic steroids, Na+, K+ pumps and vascular fibrosis, purinergic signaling in the lung, structural models of a2-subunit N-termini and binding interfaces, ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients, the Na, K-ATPase alpha2 isoform in cardiovascular pathologies, the role of cell swelling and volume-sensitive ion channels in stroke pathology, structure-function relationships in the renal NaCl cotransporter, and more.

The Immortal Germline, Volume 135 in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of topics, including Balbiani body, germ plasm and polarity, Wolbachia and the germline, Human germ line biology, Reproduction/immunity and sperm success, Mammalian spermatogenesis, Reproduction/regeneration and germ cells in planarians, Germline stem cell homeostasis, Germline soma interactions/sex determination, Reconstituting the mouse germ-cell specification pathway in vitro, Maternal Germ line inheritance of mitochondria, Transposon strategies, and more.

Chemical and Synthetic Biology Approaches To Understand Cellular Functions - Part B, Volume 622, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting chapters that cover the Design of optogenetic proteins, the Application of optogenetic proteins, Antibody aggregation mechanism probed by a fluorescently-labeled antibody with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, Bimane labeling of B-arrestins to measure their interaction with GPCRs, Reversible biotinylation of proteins for investigating their interaction with partners, Chemical biology approaches to study RNA cytidine acetylation, Salt sensitive intein in robotic production of peptides, and much more.

Chemical and Synthetic Biology Approaches to Understand Cellular Functions - Part A, Volume 621, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this volume covering Site-directed ethylation of membrane proteins for measuring conformational transitions in lipid bilayers, the Design and synthesis of fluorescent activity probes for protein phosphatases, Stains, Utilizing split-nanoLuc fragments as luminescent probes for protein solubility in living cells, SH2-domain based sensor for intracellular recognition of sulfo-tyrosine, DNA-encoded immunoglobulins for detection of parasites, An engineered TEV protease - calmodulin fusion based sensor for neuronal calcium recording, and much more.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, Volume 346, reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. Sections in this new release include the karyosphere (karyosome) and its peculiar structure of the oocyte nucleus, organoids as models of disease, lipid droplets as organelles, the dark side of apoptosis, interconnections between autophagy and secretion, and the regulation and function of intracellular pressure in cell biology.

Advances in Microbial Physiology, Volume 74, the latest release in this ongoing series, continues the long tradition of topical, important, cutting-edge reviews in microbiology. The book contains updates in the field, with comprehensive chapters covering The electrifying physiology of Geobacter bacteria 30 years on, Adaptive morphogenesis in bacteria, Bacterial energetics and respiratory metabolism, Bacteria respiration during infection, Regulation of Organohalide Respiration, Bioenergetics of Campylobacter jejuni, Formate Hydrogenlyases, Bioenergetical Aspects of the Bacterial and Archaeal Hydrogen Metabolism, and more.

The lymphatic system develops and functions in parallel with the blood circulatory system (termed the "hemovasculature") and accomplishes transport of interstitial fluids, dietary lipids, and reverse transport of cholesterol, immune cells, and antigens-providing a critical homeostatic fluid balance and transmission of immune cells and mediators back to the cardiovascular system. Although the daily flow of lymph (normally 1-2 L/day under unstressed conditions) is far lower than that of daily blood flow (which is 7,500 L/day), without the adequate functioning of the lymphatics, virtually all organs and tissues would acutely suffer many different physical and inflammatory stresses ranging from edema to organ system failure. Although blood and lymphatic vessels often form in anatomic parallels to one another, our knowledge of the workings of the lymphatic system, the fine structure of lymphatic networks, how they function in different organs, and how they are regulated physiologically and immunologically are far from parallel; our knowledge of the lymphatic system still remains at only a tiny fraction of what is understood about the cardiovascular system. Although both the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are important transport systems, what they transport and how they transport and propel these very different cargoes could not be more dissimilar. This book provides an overview of the history of the discovery (and re-discovery) of the components of the lymphatic system, lymphatic anatomy, physiological functions of lymphatics, molecular features of the lymphatic system, and clinical perspectives involving lymphatics which may be of interest to scientists, clinicians, patients, and the lay public. We provide a current understanding of some of the more important structural similarities and differences between lymphatics and the blood vascular system, their coordinated control by angiogenic and hemangiogenic growth factors and other modulators, the fate and lineage determinants which control lymphatic development, and the roles that lymphatics may play in several different diseases.