In today's globalised world, it is increasingly important to understand the otherness of different societies and their beliefs, histories and practices. This book focuses on a burning cultural issue: how concepts and constructions of gender and sexuality impact upon health, medicine and healthcare. Starting from the premise that health is neither a universal nor a unitary concept, it offers a series of interdisciplinary analyses of what sickness and well-being have been, are and can be. The originality of this book is its cross-cultural and trans-historical approach. Bringing together specially commissioned work by both major critical voices and young scholars in fields ranging from anthropology and art history to philosophy, political science and sociology, this volume challenges many traditional assumptions about gender, medicine and health-care. Issues addressed include: the politics and realities of female genital mutilation; sex-work and migration; the portrayal of mothering in contemporary African writing; the representation of AIDS in literature, photography and the media; the place of gender in ancient Egyptian health papyri; the dramatisation of morality and sexual over-indulgence in Thai literature; the relationship between myths of menstruation and power in early modern England; the role of anger in traditional Chinese medicine; and the ways in which both disease and sexual identities were redefined by cholera in the nineteenth century. The wide-ranging Introduction provides a historical and theoretical framework for what is defined here as Cultural Medicine, whilst fifteen original essays demonstrate from different perspectives that health is not merely a physiological and medical issue, but also a cultural and ethical one. An invaluable research and study resource, this book is written in a clear and accessible style and will be of interest to the general reader as well as to students of all levels, to teachers of a wide range of disciplines, and to specialist researchers of cultural studies and of medicine.

Dispersal, or 'bussing', was introduced in England in the early-1960s after white parents expressed concerns that the sudden influx of non-Anglophone South Asian children was holding back their own children's education. It consisted in sending busloads of mostly Asian children to predominantly white suburban schools in an effort to 'spread the burden' and to promote linguistic and cultural integration. Although seemingly well-intentioned, dispersal proved a failure: it was based on racial identity rather than linguistic deficiency and ultimately led to an increase in segregation, as bussed pupils were daily confronted with racial bullying in dispersal schools. This is the first ever book on English bussing, based on an in-depth study of local and national archives, alongside interviews with formerly-bussed pupils decades later. -- .

The globalization of the world economy today means that more and more people are experiencing working in another culture. Focusing on the real experiences of workers in Japanese transnational finance companies, this book not only throws light on this specific case, but at the same time raises timely questions and insights concerning the newly emerging multicultural work experiences world-wide. "The Clash of Economic Cultures: Japanese Bankers in the City of London" reflects on contemporary discussions in sociology, anthropology and cultural studies of individual global movement and cultural interaction. While there are some studies on Japanese multinational companies in Europe, they have typically assumed stereotyped differences in management systems and work cultures. This book, however, breaks the mold by looking at the culture and individuals' subjective views about their working lives and also their own worldviews; this perspective illuminates the difficulties in working relationships between Japanese and Europeans. Junko Sakai reveals, through 100 transcribed interviews, the influence of power relationships on people of different groups in terms of gender, class, and ethnicity. "The Clash of Economic Cultures" shows uneven transformation of economic and cultural hegemony between East and West. This book gives voice to Japanese men and women whose voices are rarely heard, and to the British who have worked for non-Westerners in the West. It is also a significant and timely analysis of the increasing influence of non-Western companies in London. It will be of great interest to cultural anthropologists, business historians, sociologists and scholars in Japanese and Asian studies, as well as those involved in international finance and management. Junko Sakai lectures on British society in the English literature department at Ferris University in Yokohama, Japan and teaches English at Rikkyo University in Tokyo. ..".Offers a rare and welcome insight into the inner lives and psychology of Japanese bankers....Sakai delivers a rather unique anthropological interpretation of human narratives and life stories, displaying a rich tapestry of interwoven discourses that are accentuated by aeus' and aethem' remarks....The book is a fascinating read, and the subject is one of considerable practical and theoretical significance."--"Tomoko Hamada"

With a focus on united Germany and the post-1989 German unification process, Phillips outlines the necessity and feasibility of a concept of post-national patriotism. Specifying the example of racist violence, Dr. Phillips argues that a substantial measure of Germany's social consensus can only be extended to heterogeneous Europe if there is a greater recognition of heterogeneous Germany, not only by Germans, but by non-Germans as well. He shows that the consensual structures of German-based transnational business may play a leading role in the development of a sense of post-national patriotism.

Phillips argues that state solutions to issues of immigration and integration are not in themselves adequate, and that these may be supplemented by private-sector institutions taking on responsibility. Business opposition to racist violence in unified Germany has neither succeeded substantially in eliminating racism in Germany, nor achieved a significant reduction in non-Germans' prejudices about Germans. However, he argues that an accentuation of German business practices of codetermination worldwide could go a long way to changing prejudices about Germans and prejudices in Germany, as well as serving the interests of German-based business. Greater processes of dialogue, also involving the private sector, could help correct problems of group definition and intercultural understanding, promoting shared civic identification instead of civic demarcation. This is an important analysis for scholars and researchers involved with the society and politics of Germany, international relations and business, and European integration.

This volume brings together a collection of essays focusing on selected aspects of inter-and multidisciplinarity in contemporary Austrian culture. These include the connections between literature and the media, literature and the visual arts, literature and travel, and the visual arts and public space. The individual contributions deal with central figures in the Austrain arts, including Thomas Bernhard, Franzobel, Elfriede Jelinek, peter Handke, Peter Turrini and Doron Rabinovici, as well as collective ventures such as Walter Grond's Odysseus project and the museum in progress. They analyse the impact of connections between disciplines on the cultural landscape in contemporary Austria, as well as examining the limits of such interaction between disciplines. Contents: Janet Stewart: Locating and Connecting Culture --Julie M. Johnson: The Embodied Gaze: Contemporary Art and the Museum Culture of Vienna - Matthias Konzett: National Iconoclasm and Dissent: Thomas Bernhard, Doron Rabinovici, and the Austrian Avantgarde - Frank Finlay: ... zwischen Fischstabchen, bosnischen Leichen und Tschibo-Kaffee': Peter Turrini and the Media - David Barnett: Televisualising Racism on Stage: Elfriede Jelinek's Stecken, Stab und Stangl -- Allyson Fiddler: Sport and National Identity in the 'New' Austria: Sports Plays by Elfriede Jelinek, Franzobel and Marlene Streeruwitz - Wolfgang Straub: 'Ein offenes Willkommen Tor': Tourism in Austria between national identity, economic practice and literary representation - Annegret Pelz: Odyssey in No-Man's Land: The 'Odysseus File' and the Interstitial Space in the Text - Karen Leeder: 'Principles of Correspondence': Scientist, Explorer, Poet in the work of RaoulSchrott - Thomas Eder: The Experiment in the Natural Sciences and in Art - Simon Ward: 'Connecting' Literature and Music: On the Collaborative Work of Clemens Gadenstatter and Lisa Spalt and Its Interpretation.

Thirty-five years after its initial publication, Harold Cruse's "The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual," remains a foundational work in Afro-American Studies and American Cultural Studies. Published during a highly contentious moment in Afro-American political life, "The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual" was one of the very few texts that treated Afro-American intellectuals as intellectually significant. The essays contained in Harold Cruse's "The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual Reconsidered" are collectively a testimony to the continuing significance of this polemical call to arms for black intellectuals. Each scholar featured in this book has chosen to discuss specific arguments made by Cruse. While some have utilized Cruse's arguments to launch broader discussions of various issues pertaining to Afro-American intellectuals, and others have contributed discussions on intellectual issues completely ignored by Cruse, all hope to pay homage to a thinker worthy of continual reconsideration.

Mexican-Americans now constitute two thirds of what has become the largest and fastest-growing minority group in the United States, Hispanics. They have distinct cultural patterns and values that those who seek to serve them competently as clinicians and educators, and those who attempt to study them, need to understand. This is the first comprehensive overview of the psychology of the Chicana/o experience since 1984.
Solidly grounded in the latest theory and research, much of which is relevant to other Latina/o groups as well, "The Handbook of Chicana/o Psychology and Mental Health "is an indispensable source of up-to-date information and guidance for mental health and education professionals, their trainees and students; and for social and behavioral scientists interested in the impact of cultural differences in multicultural settings.

Creating the Suburban School Advantage explains how American suburban school districts gained a competitive edge over their urban counterparts. John L. Rury provides a national overview of the process, focusing on the period between 1950 and 1980, and presents a detailed study of metropolitan Kansas City, a region representative of trends elsewhere. While big-city districts once were widely seen as superior and attracted families seeking the best educational opportunities for their children, suburban school systems grew rapidly in the post-World War II era as middle-class and more affluent families moved to those communities. As Rury relates, at the same time, economically dislocated African Americans migrated from the South to center-city neighborhoods, testing the capacity of urban institutions. As demographic trends drove this urban-suburban divide, a suburban ethos of localism contributed to the socioeconomic exclusion that became a hallmark of outlying school systems. School districts located wholly or partly within the municipal boundaries of Kansas City, Missouri, make for revealing cases that illuminate our understanding of these national patterns. As Rury demonstrates, struggles to achieve greater educational equity and desegregation in urban centers contributed to so-called white flight and what Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan considered to be a crisis of urban education in 1965. Despite the often valiant efforts made to serve inner city children and bolster urban school districts, this exodus, Rury cogently argues, created a new metropolitan educational hierarchy-a mirror image of the urban-centric model that had prevailed before World War II. The stubborn perception that suburban schools are superior, based on test scores and budgets, has persisted into the twenty-first century and instantiates today's metropolitan landscape of social, economic, and educational inequality.

This book gives educators important answers to the urgent question of how teachers and schools can facilitate language minority and immigrant students' progress in school. It offers an innovative and powerful method teachers and students can use to study the situational context of education, providing both the theoretical background and the practical tools to implement this approach.
The situational context of education includes linguistic, economic, social, cultural, and political factors, as well as conditions, such as students' personal characteristics, family support, and quality of instruction. All of these factors influence the lives of students and their academic performance and contribute in many ways, some subtle and indirect, to making the educational experience more or less difficult for different students.
The premise of the book is that objective study of the situational context of education by both students and teachers is beneficial because it leads to a more realistic view of how to facilitate students' progress in school. Designed as a text for graduate courses for preservice and in-service teachers working with students in bilingual, ESL, mainstream, and special education classrooms, the goal is to engage readers in learning not only from the literature but also from studying the situational contexts of their own students. The focus here is on the factors that affect language minority and immigrant students in the United States, but the framework is equally powerful for work with student populations in other social contexts.
*The Introduction includes an overview of the theory behind the study of the situational context of education and theimplementation of this approach; describes the context of the pilot lessons included in the book; and explains how to use the lessons detailed in later chapters.
*Chapters 2-6 focus on different factors in the situational context of education: linguistic, economic, social, cultural, and political. A three-part structure is used: "Classroom Implementation" (a rich description of one lesson in a real classroom); "Context Variables" (a theoretical explanation of the specific factor the chapter addresses, providing the research basis for the sample lesson objectives ); "Doing Analysis of the Context" (several sample lessons for implementation). The lessons are addressed to the teacher, with detailed ideas on how to carry out the lesson and evaluate the students' understanding of the situational context.
*Five Appendices provide helpful resources for the implementation of the lessons: an Annotated bibliography of relevant K-12 children's literature; Instructional Approaches; Scoring Rubrics for Content Objectives; Guidelines for a Contrastive Study of Situational Context; and Lesson Template.
The lessons have been thoroughly field-tested with students and teachers. Because these lessons work on multiple levels, "Situational Context of Education: A Window Into the World of Bilingual Learners" benefits students from first grade through preservice and in-service teachers in university courses. Teachers get to know their students and their predicaments within the social context of the United States, and at the same time, the lesson activities have a great impact on the students in their classes. All are helped to achieve academically while gaining awareness of situational factorsaffecting their lives.

Contents:
Part 1: Culturally Responsive Interventions. Julie R. Ancis, Culturally Responsive Practice. Robbins, R. & Harrist, S., American Indian Constructionalist Family Therapy for Acculturative Stress. Jackson, L. E., Gregory, H. & Davis, M., NTU Psychotherapy and African American Youth. Robbins, M, Schwartz. S, Szapocznik, Structural Ecosystems Therapy with Hispanic Adolescents Exhibiting Disruptive Behviour Disorders. Part 2: International Applications. Paralikar, V, Agashe, M, Weiss, M. G., Essentials of Good Practice: The Making of a Cultural Psychiatrist in Urban India. Kameguchi, K., Empowering the Spousal Relationship in the Treatment of Japanese Families with School Refusal Children. Witzum, E & Goodman, Y. Rewriting Stories of Distress: Culture-sensitive Strategic Therapy with Ultra-orthodox Jews in Israel. Hill, M. B. & Brack, G. The Killing and Burning of Witches in South Africa: A Model of Community Rebuilding and Reconcilitation. Part 3: Diagnosis and Practice. Ancis, J. R., Chen, Y. & Schultz, D. Diagnostic Challenges and the So-called Culture-Bound Syndromes. Part 4: Conclusion. Ancis, J. R., Culturally Responsive Interventions: Themes and Clinical Implications.

Contents:
Part 1: Culturally Responsive Interventions. Julie R. Ancis, Culturally Responsive Practice. Robbins, R. & Harrist, S., American Indian Constructionalist Family Therapy for Acculturative Stress. Jackson, L. E., Gregory, H. & Davis, M., NTU Psychotherapy and African American Youth. Robbins, M, Schwartz. S, Szapocznik, Structural Ecosystems Therapy with Hispanic Adolescents Exhibiting Disruptive Behviour Disorders. Part 2: International Applications. Paralikar, V, Agashe, M, Weiss, M. G., Essentials of Good Practice: The Making of a Cultural Psychiatrist in Urban India. Kameguchi, K., Empowering the Spousal Relationship in the Treatment of Japanese Families with School Refusal Children. Witzum, E & Goodman, Y. Rewriting Stories of Distress: Culture-sensitive Strategic Therapy with Ultra-orthodox Jews in Israel. Hill, M. B. & Brack, G. The Killing and Burning of Witches in South Africa: A Model of Community Rebuilding and Reconcilitation. Part 3: Diagnosis and Practice. Ancis, J. R., Chen, Y. & Schultz, D. Diagnostic Challenges and the So-called Culture-Bound Syndromes. Part 4: Conclusion. Ancis, J. R., Culturally Responsive Interventions: Themes and Clinical Implications.

Contents:
1. American Identities in a Global Era Donna Gabaccia and Colin Wayne Leach
Part One: The Local and the Nation in a Transnational World
2. Elusive Citizenship: Education, the Press and the Struggle over Representtaion in Ninteeth-Century Napa, California 1848-1910 Linda Heidenreich
3. The Prehistory of the Cadenú: Class, Corruption, and Migration in Santo Domingo, 1965-1978 Jesse Hoffnung-Garskof
4. Between Fantasy and Despair: the Transnational Condition and high-tech Immigration A. Aneesh
5. Asian-Latinos: Japanese-Peruvians' Ethnic Adaptation and Social Mobility in New York abd Los Angeles Ayumi Takenaka
Part Two: Family, School and Popular Culture
6. Adopted Children's Identities at the China/US Border Sara Dorow
7. Members of Many Gangs: Childhood and Ethno-racial Identity on the Streets of Twentieth Century America Mark Wild
8. 'Becoming' and 'Being' Chinese American in College: A Look at Ethnicity, Social Class, and Neighborhood in Identity Development Vivian Louie
Part 3: Immigrant Labour
9. Workplace Identities and Collective Memory: Living and Remembering teh Effects of the Bracero Total Institution Ronald L. Mize
10. The Significane of Race in the Urban Labour Market: A Study of Employers Nelson Lim
11. 'Natural Mothers' for Sale: The Construction of Latina Immigrant Identity in Domestic Service Labour Markets Kristen Hill Maher
12. The Work and the Wonder in Studying Immigrant Life Across the Disciplines: An Afterword Colin Wayne Leach and Donna R. Gabaccia

Published in 1997. The Urban Institute has been studying immigration for almost a decade and a half. In recent years, the Institute's focus has widened to include immigration integration. Unlike immigration policy, which is a federal responsibility, policies regarding immigrant integration have been left in the hands of states and localities and vary widely by region. This book focuses on the 1980-1990 experience of a high-immigrant state whose immigrant population matches the race and ethnic composition of the US population as a whole more closely than any other state. 'New Jersey's experience with immigration is not necessarily typical of outcomes in other high-immigration states, but it may be replicable on a broader scale. As a new century approaches and as debate over immigration legislation reaches a fever pitch, it is important to analyze, in the fashion of this volume, instances of successful immigration that can serve as examples for other states, the United States as a whole and other nations...' (Thomas Espenshade).

Why She Must Lead shares Vasudha Sharma's personal story and her interviews with many women who played a crucial part in raising questions and forming solutions regarding the leadership gap. Vasudha immigrated to the United States fifteen years ago looking for better opportunities and a closer look at what the glass ceiling looks like in one of the world's most advanced nations. Today, that ceiling shows some cracks from the recent trend of more women in C suites and for the first time, a woman of color as the Vice President of the United States. But how long will it take for a big impact to shatter it? Inspired by people she has met around the world, Vasudha sketches out a dream in Why She Must Lead where issues like the pay gap, broken rungs, and lack of mentorship can be filtered out systematically, and workplaces can act to lift the most underrepresented group of women. Vasudha presents sentiments, fears, pain, and challenges with compassion and humility. She kindles the call for women of color to challenge the status quo and lead with purpose. The vision in Why She Must Lead allows women to: Analyze reports related to the leadership gap for minority women Develop understanding regarding the causes for a leaky talent pipeline Act to create personalized approaches toward eliminating barriers and bias Deepen their insight about how to minimize the leadership gap Rise as a leader to champion equity goals for themselves or their organization

The Gift of Black Folk (1924) is a book of essays by W. E. B. Du Bois. Written while the author was using his role at The Crisis, the official magazine of the NAACP, to publish emerging Black artists of the Harlem Renaissance, The Gift of Black Folk is a purposeful work of history which revises the narrative of European and British influence and emphasizes the outsized role of African Americans in building the nation and establishing its definitive culture. "[Despite] slavery, war and caste, and despite our present Negro problem, the American Negro is and has been a distinct asset to this country and has brought a contribution without which America could not have been." This thesis could not be stated clearly enough. Recognizing, in the words of Dr. King, "that the keystone in the arch of oppression was the myth of inferiority," Du Bois set out to revise American history to properly tell the story of his people. As he does in his magnum opus Black Reconstruction in America (1935), Du Bois recognizes that the failures of the Reconstruction era were due in large part to an unwillingness to accept Black people, enslaved or free, as human. In these essays, he emphasizes the role of African Americans as workers, soldiers, and explorers, situates them in the movement for women's rights, and celebrates their contribution to the arts and culture of the nation. With a beautifully designed cover and professionally typeset manuscript, this edition of W. E. B. Du Bois' The Gift of Black Folk is a classic of African American literature reimagined for modern readers.

This text offers critical race perspectives on social studies. It is divided into four sections which focus on: the profession; the policies; the curriculum; and the technology.

"Multiculturalism in a Global Society" explores the concepts and debates surrounding the complex modern phenomenon of multiculturalism, and its varied effects on the advanced industrial nations of the world. With remarkable clarity and concision, it focuses on the interrelated ties of ethnicity, race, and nationalism in a world where globalizing processes have made such ties increasingly important in economic, political, and cultural terms. Beginning with a discussion and reformulation of contemporary theories of ethnicity, the book turns to case studies of the three major "settler" states in the world: the United States, Canada, and Australia. Coverage of western Europe follows, with analyses of postcolonial Britain, Germany, and France. The book concludes with a succinct summary and thoughtful prognosis about the future directions of our increasingly global society.

Students and scholars looking for the most up-to-date approach to understanding multiculturalism in a global perspective will find this to be an engaging, penetrating, and illuminating text.

Race relations in twenty-first-century America will not be just a black-and-white issue. The 2000 census revealed that Hispanics already slightly outnumber African Americans as the largest ethnic group, while together Blacks and Hispanics constitute the majority population in the five largest U.S. cities. Given these facts, black-brown relations could be a more significant racial issue in the decades to come than relations between minority groups and Whites.

Offering some of the first in-depth analyses of how African Americans and Hispanics perceive and interact with each other, this pathfinding study looks at black-brown relations in Houston, Texas, one of the largest U.S. cities with a majority ethnic population and one in which Hispanics outnumber African Americans. Drawing on the results of several sociological studies, the authors focus on four key issues: how each group forms and maintains stereotypes of the other, areas in which the two groups conflict and disagree, the crucial role of women in shaping their communities' racial attitudes, and areas in which Hispanics and African Americans agree and can cooperate to achieve greater political power and social justice.

Despite being lumped together by census data, there are deep divisions between Mexicans and Puerto Ricans living in the United States. Mexicans see Puerto Ricans as deceptive, disagreeable, nervous, rude, violent, and dangerous, while Puerto Ricans see Mexicans as submissive, gullible, naïve, and folksy. The distinctly different styles of Spanish each group speaks reinforces racialized class differences. Despite these antagonistic divisions, these two groups do show some form of Latinidad, or a shared sense of Latin American identity. Latino Crossings examines how these constructions of Latino self and otherness interact with America's dominant white/black racial consciousness. Latino Crossings is a striking piece of scholarship that transcends the usually rigid boundary between Chicano/Mexican and Puerto Rican studies.

Postcolonialism has attracted a large amount of interest in cultural theory, but the adjacent area of multiculturalism has not been scrutinised to quite the same extent. In this innovative new book, Sneja Gunew sets out to interrogate the ways in which the transnational discourse of multiculturalism may be related to the politics of race and indigeneity, grounding her discussion in a variety of national settings and a variety of literary, autobiographical and theoretical texts. Using examples from marginal sites - the "settler societies" of Australia and Canada - to cast light on the globally dominant discourses of the US and the UK, Gunew analyses the political ambiguities and the pitfalls involved in a discourse of multiculturalism haunted by the opposing spectres of anarchy and assimilation.

Considered a classic in the field, Troy Duster's Backdoor to Eugenics was a groundbreaking book that grappled with the social and political implications of the new genetic technologies. Completely updated and revised, this work will be welcomed back into print as we struggle to understand the pros and cons of prenatal detection of birth defects; gene therapies; growth hormones; and substitute genetic answers to problems linked with such groups as Jews, Scandanavians, Native American, Arabs and African Americans. Duster's book has never been more timely.

Although historians and literary theorists have long participated in discussions about race, it is only recently that philosophers have returned to the topic. The main focus of their attention has been the question of what one means by race now that its biological basis has been discredited, and under what conditions a non-essentialist concept of race can be sustained.

This volume provides an introduction to the concept of race within philosophy. It gives an overview of the most important contributions by continental philosophers to the understanding of race - focusing on Kant, Du Bois, Senghor, and Sartre - as well as presenting a general review of recent philosophical discussions. In addition, it moves the debate forward by including new contributions by some of today's leading theorists.

'[P]erhaps the best analysis of the English-only movement in the US and the ramifications worldwide of language policies favouring English ...It displays a dazzling grasp of the many meanings of language and the politics that underlie language policy and educational discourse.' Stanley Aronowitz, City University of New York 'In the present political climate, racism and classism often hide behind seemingly technical issues about English in the modern world. The Hegemony of English courageously unmasks these deceptions and points the way to a more humane and sane way to discuss language in our global world.' James Paul Gee, University of Wisconsin, Madison The Hegemony of English succinctly exposes how the neoliberal ideology of globalization promotes dominating language policies. In the United States and Europe these policies lead to linguistic and cultural discrimination while, worldwide, they aim to stamp out a greater use and participation of national and subordinate languages in world commerce and in international organizations such as the European Union. Democracy calls for broad, multi-ethnic participation, and the authors point us toward more effective approaches in an increasingly interconnected world.

The Routledge International Handbook of Race, Class, and Gender chronicles the development, growth, history, impact, and future direction of race, gender, and class studies from a multidisciplinary perspective. The research in this subfield has been wide-ranging, including works in sociology, gender studies, anthropology, political science, social policy, history, and public health. As a result, the interdisciplinary nature of race, gender, and class and its ability to reach a large audience has been part of its appeal. The Handbook provides clear and informative essays by experts from a variety of disciplines, addressing the diverse and broad-based impact of race, gender, and class studies. The Handbook is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students who are looking for a basic history, overview of key themes, and future directions for the study of the intersection of race, class, and gender. Scholars new to the area will also find the Handbook's approach useful. The areas covered and the accompanying references will provide readers with extensive opportunities to engage in future research in the area.

Considered a classic in the field, Troy Duster's Backdoor to Eugenics was a groundbreaking book that grappled with the social and political implications of the new genetic technologies. Completely updated and revised, this work will be welcomed back into print as we struggle to understand the pros and cons of prenatal detection of birth defects; gene therapies; growth hormones; and substitute genetic answers to problems linked with such groups as Jews, Scandanavians, Native American, Arabs and African Americans. Duster's book has never been more timely.