Fortune called Asea Brown Boveri, the giant multinational corporation created in 1987, "the most successful cross-border merger since Royal Dutch linked up with Britain's Shell in 1907." The coming together of two longtime national champions in the electrotechnical industry, Sweden's ASEA and Switzerland's Brown Boveri, marked the birth of a company with truly global aspirations, one whose apparent genius for combining strong central planning with local autonomy for its plants has made it a trendsetter.

An international team of reseachers assesses the dynamic interplay of the forces of convergence and diversity present in ABB. Together they examine the actual workings of this multinational in order to learn to what degree the corporate strategies are achieved in its plants. Based on a multilevel organizational study, their book compares seven plants in six countries on three continents.

In their analysis of how a consumption tax would affect investment choices by multinational corporations, the authors of this text consider capital inflows into the US and the likely consequences of a simplification of the taxation of international transactions.

Does work in multinational enterprises give women in developing countries an opportunity to free themselves from the restrictions of existing social structures? Information from 30 developing countries is analysed to provide examples of the situation of women workers in multinational enterprises in the Third World today with respect to wages, hours and conditions of work, fringe benefis, labour relations and quality of life. This report has been prepared jointly by the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations and the Bureau of Multinational Enterprises of the International Labour Office.

This collection of essays addresses the vital question of how much the theory of direct foreign investment - developed a decade ago before many drastic changes took place on the international economic scene - still holds. Grouped in five major sections, they cover The Theory of Direct Foreign Investment; Industrial Organization and International Markets; Country Studies; International Finance; and Implications for the United States.Charles P. Kindleberger is Ford International Professor of Economics, Emeritus, at MIT. David B. Audretsch is Assistant Professor of Economics at Middlebury College.

In Cross-Cultural Management, the author takes a critical, power-sensitive and culturally-aware perspective that moves beyond the paradigms debate, placing greater emphasis on the holistic nature of culture and its managerial consequences and taking into account the diversity and multiple identities apparent in cross-cultural management. Conceived by Chris Grey as an antidote to conventional textbooks, each book in the 'Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap' series takes a core area of the curriculum and turns it on its head by providing a critical and sophisticated overview of the key issues and debates in an informal, conversational and often humorous way. Suitable for students of cross-cultural management, human resource management or workplace diversity and professionals working in organizations and intercultural training.

Inpatriates have become an important means of knowledge transfer within multinational companies. As such, the authors of Expatriates: Perspectives and Challenges of the 21st Century attempt to extract information regarding the knowledge transfer processes and inpatriates' behavioral patterns. To provide a rich understanding of these processes from the inpatriates' perspective, critical incidents reported by 22 inpatriates are content-analyzed. The expansion of expatriates has been associated with multinational corporations' offshore production strategies. As livable built environments can attract and retain these expatriate workers in the host city, this compilation investigates how foreign direct investment flows are associated with human capital flows in a case study of Koreans in Suzhou, China. The concluding chapter discusses how, despite corporate globalization and the evolution of technology over the last 2 decades, we have observed a continuous increase in the number of employees deployed on international assignment. In fact, according to Finaccord, expatriate growth has been at a compound annual rate of 5.8% since 2013 and by 2021 the number forecast is 87.5 million. Since scholastic study abroad programs are now included in the curriculum of most post-secondary schools it is no surprise that 8.5% of expatriates are in this sector.

Is culture fixed and immutable, or is it emergent and changing? This is a question that has taken on growing importance in light of the culturally diverse and dynamic workplace realities that have resulted from increasing globalisation. It is also a topic that is in hot debate in international cross-cultural management (ICCM) research, in management and organisation studies in general, and in other disciplines. This book moves beyond the conventional dichotomous thinking of viewing culture either as fixed and immutable or dynamic and "in the making", and aims to develop a conceptualisation of culture that includes both a stable and a changing element. This book is based on empirical research on culture emergence in Sino-Western international cross-cultural management (SW-ICCM) contexts in China. Data have been collected by semi-structured interviews of Chinese and Western expatriates working in SW-ICCM contexts in China. Data analysis has led to the formulation of a grounded theory that views culture as comprising three cognitive components, Values, Expectations, and Ad Hoc Rules, which differ in time-space in their mutual shaping with behaviour, ranging from the enduring/universal, to the intermediate/context-specific, to the temporal/occasion-specific.

Capitalist growth is widely heralded as the only answer to the crisis still sweeping the global economy. Yet the era of corporate globalisation has been defined by unprecedented levels of inequality and environmental degradation. A return to capitalist growth threatens to exacerbate these problems, not solve them. In The Poverty of Capitalism, John Hilary reveals the true face of transnational capital in its insatiable drive for expansion and accumulation. He exposes the myth of 'corporate social responsibility' (CSR), and highlights key areas of conflict over natural resources, labour rights and food sovereignty. Hilary also describes the growing popular resistance to corporate power, as well as the new social movements seeking to develop alternatives to capitalism itself. This book will be essential reading for all those concerned with global justice, human rights and equity in the world order.

Chinese companies are globalizing at an unprecedented rate. Haier is the world's largest telecoms equipment manufacturer; Lenovo is the number one PC maker; and others such as Dalian Wanda, Fosun, Shuanghui and Tencent have been regular players in the global M&A scene. This book presents a detailed analysis of current and emerging Chinese multinationals, and the policies, strategies, and ambitions that are driving them today. Written by leading experts in the field, the book provides the most up-to-date insight into a phenomenon that is rapidly changing the global economic and business landscape.

Praise for "THE NEW EMERGING-MARKET MULTINATIONALS"

One of "Strategy and Business"'s Best Business Books of the Year

"This book is a real eye-opener. It will forever change your assumptions about international economic competition and who the winners will be."
--PHILIP KOTLERKellogg School of Managementand author of "Winning at Innovation"

"An insightful read--essential for those wishing to understand the evolution and growth of emerging-economy EMNCs and how they will reshape global market structures."
--ANAND MAHINDRA, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra Group, India

"As this timely book so insightfully points out, the rise of emerging-market multinationals is shifting the global competitive landscape and forcing us to think hard about new growth, strategy, and talent equations. A must-read for business leaders responsible for navigating today's global environment.
--MUHTAR KENT, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Coca-Cola Company

"This book offers an array of fascinating examples and an interesting framework for stimulating thinking about EMNCs' strategic options."
--PANKAJ GHEMAWAT, IESE Business School, and author of "World 3.0"

"A must-read. The book is well researched and provides compelling case illustrations. I highly recommend it."
--W. CHAN KIM, Professor, INSEAD; Codirector, INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute;and bestselling author of "Blue Ocean Strategy"

"This is the future of global competition. You need to understand it if you aspire to be a player or if global markets are now a part of your strategy."
--DAVID A. AAKER, Vice Chairman, Prophet, and bestselling author of "Brand Relevance"

"This book gives a clear idea of the success formula of emerging-market multinationals by showing practical insights based on a deep understanding of EMNCs. This will help readers from any type of company structure their own growth strategies."
--WONHONG CHO, Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer, Hyundai Motor Company

"An excellent collection of ideas and examples that should inspire companies in emerging markets looking to build brands and markets anywhere."
"--BUSINESSWORLD"

About the Book:

"LG. HTC. Tata. Haier. Lenovo. Arcelik. Natura."

From smartphones and computers to blue jeans and beer, companies from China, India, Taiwan, Mexico, Turkey, and other emerging markets are now winning leading market shares with their own-branded, high-quality products--rather than with poorly produced products sold under others' brand names. These emerging-market multinational companies (EMNCs) are giving the incumbent market leaders of North America, Western Europe, and Japan a run for their money in the areas of innovation, branding, and marketing.

"How have these small, under-resourced businesses come so far so quickly? And what can you learn from their strategies and tactics?"

Renowned experts in global branding and marketing, the authors of "The New Emerging-Market Multinationals "conducted an in-depth study of 39 EMNCs to reveal the innovative compete-from-below strategies and tactics fueling these companies' meteoric rise. The authors identify four strategies driving this growth: COST LEADERS leverage existing low-cost structures and large-scale volumes to extend their reach into developed markets. KNOWLEDGE LEVERAGERS tap their existing resources and knowledge of home consumers and the market to build branded businesses in other emerging markets. NICHE CUSTOMIZERS combine their cost advantages in manufacturing with newly developed low-cost R&D capabilities to develop customized niche-segment branded offerings in other emerging markets. GLOBAL BRAND BUILDERS use their low-cost manufacturing and R&D capabilities to build branded businesses in developed markets-- but limit their focus to specific products and segments through a process of focused innovation.

Whether you run an EMNC or a developedmarket company, deep knowledge of the strategies outlined here is an absolute necessity for competing effectively now and in the future. Don't get caught off guard by the "new kids on the block"--because today's EMNCs are determined to be tomorrow's market leaders.

This book analyses the macro and microeconomic effects on a host economy in regards to the entry of foreign-owned companies (i.e., multinational enterprises MNEs). There is some controversy regarding the impact of MNEs, as can be seen in the active antiglobalisation movements. In addition, this book also makes use of an applied methodology, namely, computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulations, to provide quantitative outcomes and not just qualitative intuitions regarding how MNEs affect economies. CGEs are suitable to derive those results, but very few of them have considered the presence of MNEs. Thus, the CGE model with MNEs presented in this book offers a rather new approach to study the effects of MNEs.

In this timely book, Lee Tavis and Timothy Tavis contend that the values dimension of the actions of multinational firms is becoming increasingly important, given the worldwide integration of economies and peoples. The digital revolution has broadened the reach of globalization and created an informed society that demands higher standards of behavior from the business enterprise; at the same time, multinational corporations have gained power often comparable to that of the nation state, and global society is in need of widely accepted, enduring social and ethical standards. Tavis and Tavis argue that multinational firms must embrace an ethically pro-active stance in their own long-term interests. A strategy of supporting universal human rights, often in partnership with NGOs, offers the greatest potential for success.

"Values-Based Multinational Management "provides an agenda for practical action, with special reference to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Global Compact. It informs and addresses the values concerns of multinational business managers. It presents its examples and analyses in a clear and concise manner and will be of use both to practitioners in the business community and students and scholars of business ethics.

""Values-Based Multinational Management "employs a novel approach and a variety of perspectives that make it a very valuable addition to business ethics literature. This is excellent, helpful material that discusses an important way in which human rights may fit with globalization." --Timothy L. Fort, George Washington University

"More and more business executives understand that society increasingly judges corporate performance through a broad social lens that includes ideas of corporate social responsibility and business ethics. They are now ready to position their firms to meet these requirements. This volume is a thoughtful discussion of the ways in which the United Nations Global Compact can serve this purpose through a long-term human rights strategy and, importantly, how that strategy can be implemented within the firm." --Georg Kell, UN Global Compact

"This book underlines the fact that--despite the importance of institutional and social ethics--the individual ethics, if not virtue ethics, of corporate leaders remain central. Of highest importance is the authors' emphasis that no individuals--in whatever professional or personal role--can escape the fact that they are responsible for the outcome of their actions. It is to be hoped that this book revitalizes a facet of the debate on business ethics and corporate responsibility that has been neglected for too long." --Klaus M. Leisinger, Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development

In a world focused on science and new technology, brands help to explain why several of the world's multinational corporations have little to do with either. Rather they are old firms with little critical investment in patents or copyrights. For these firms, the critical intellectual property is trademarks. Global Brands, first published in 2007, explains how the world's largest multinationals in alcoholic beverages achieved global leadership; considers the predominant corporate governance structures for such firms; and looks at why these firms form alliances with direct competitors. Brands also determine the waves of mergers and acquisitions in the beverage industry. Global Brands contrasts with existing studies by providing a new dimension to the literature on the growth of multinationals through the focus on brands, using an institutional and evolutionary approach based on original and published sources about the industry and the firms.

The Ivey Casebooks Series is a co-publishing partnership between SAGE Publications and the Richard Ivey School of Business at The University of Western Ontario. Due to their popularity in more than 60 countries, approximately 200 new cases are added to the Ivey School of Business library each year. Each of the casebooks comes equipped with instructor's resources on CD-ROM. These affordable collections will not only help students connect to real-world situations, but will benefit corporations seeking continued education in the field as well. Broadening the scope of environmental forces to a global rather than a domestic context leads to cross-country comparisons that add complexity to the subject matter, enrich analytical theories, and heighten the interest of students. Students gain an appreciation for the many ways in which environmental forces interact, creating a set of risks and opportunities that is unique in each country and that must be evaluated in formulating trade and investment decisions. Cases in the Environment of Business offers an outstanding collection of relevant, classroom-tested cases. In discussing the cases, students will participate in managerial decisions in an international context. Most cases deal with a variety of environmental forces, but generally a single set of forces plays a predominant role. The instructor's resources on CD-ROM includes detailed 6-10 page casenotes for each case, preparation questions for students to review before class, discussion questions, and suggested further readings. Cases in the Environment of Business addresses the following five sets of environmental forces: Industry Structure Responses to strategies of customers, suppliers, and competitors, ; dependence of profitability on unique value-added attributesand the shift of certain activities to low-wage countries Macroeconomic Variables Income levels and growth rates, foreign exchange rates, inflation rates, interest rates, and unemployment rates Political Variables Regulations, financial incentives, taxation, foreign investment restrictions, and international trade and investment agreements Societal Variables Labor and environmental practices, ethics, corporate social responsibility, boards of directors, and demographics Technological Variables Technological infrastructure and the pace and direction of technological changes, including, in particular, the Internet and e-business. The IVEY Casebook Series Cases in Business Ethics Cases in Entrepreneurship Cases in Gender & Diversity in Organizations Cases in Operations Management Cases in Organizational Behavior Cases in the Environment of Business Cases in Alliance Management Mergers and Acquisitions: Text and Cases

At a time when the gigantic transnationals have a huge impact on human health, the environment, working conditions and the economic prospects of nations, this book explores whether it is sufficient to continue to rely on industry self-regulation alone.
Before widening her focus to the general issues, the author examines the now famous case of the infant food industry. Almost two decades after the introduction of the WHO/Unicef Code seeking to regulate the marketing of formula milk substitutes, an estimated one and a half million babies die unnecessarily every year as a result of formula feeding. How effective, therefore, has the Code been in changing industry behaviour?
The author argues that a key question today is how to foster a political climate favourable to practical institutional arrangements for the better regulation of TNCs. Recognizing the tension between global governance on the one hand and the globalized free market on the other, she urges that close attention be given to corporate conduct and TNC compliance with what regulatory codes exist. A range of relevant questions is explored, including the roles of citizen action, national governments and international agencies.
A host of public concerns - for example, job losses when industries migrate or the introduction of GM crops without public consultation - point to corporate regulation as a looming political issue. This book contributes to the debate about how powerful corporations can pay regard not only to the bottom line, but also take more seriously their social responsibilities.

The unprecedented shifts in the U.S. dollar's exhange rate that started during the late 1970s and continued through the 1980s provide an ideal opportunity to explore how the global economy works and the role that multinational enterprises (MNEs) play in the phenomenon of globalization. In this book, Subramanian Rangan and Robert Z. Lawrence examine the international pricing, sourcing, and trade responses of MNEs to shifts in the dollar. Based upon the micro patterns they observe in MNE behavior, the authors suggest explanations for some puzzling macro patterns evident in our international economy. They conclude that the global integration of markets remains incomplete due to informational and other important discontinuities, and they refute stereotypes which portray multinational firms as either footloose or inflexible. Policy implications for exchange rates, trade, and foreign direct investment are also discussed.

?From our vantage point at Save the Children, one of the largest US-based international relief and development agencies, founded in 1932, the shared-power, no-one-in-charge-world that Barbara C. Crosby describes presents myriad new challenges and opportunities to civil society, non-governmental organizations and citizen-leaders dedicated to positive change. Barbara C. Crosby?s book helps us understand the forces defining this new environment and the most promising leadership practices for achieving our goals within it.? -- Gary Shaye, Vice President of International Programs, Save the Children In today?s world, critical public problems ? like environmental degradation, poverty, and the AIDS epidemic ? spill beyond national boundaries. Those who lead campaigns to remedy these problems must be skilled in bringing very diverse people together and pursue common goals in an ever-changing global environment. These leaders need to build and sustain interorganizational networks that can thrive in many cultures and geographic regions. Leadership for Global Citizenship offers these leaders a comprehensive leadership framework and practical guidance for inspiring and mobilizing citizens around the world to join in local and global initiatives to promote the common good. Barbara C. Crosby presents numerous examples from case studies of leadership in two transnational citizen organizations, Amnesty International, and the International Women?s Rights Action Watch (IWRAW). Previous books and articles have focused on the global commons as a territory wherein the world?s citizens partake of vital natural and social resources and build global civil society. This book is the first to focus on the leadership concepts and practices that can help strengthen collective action across national boundaries to sustain the commons and promote the common good. This book also offers practical guidance for people who want to build and sustain transnational citizen organizations and networks, which are growing in numbers and impact. Crosby offers tools for the exercise of leadership in the global commons, including group assessments, multiple perspectives on team and organizational dynamics, systems thinking, the democratic process, and the search for cross-cultural ethical principles.

This book re-examines management theory `after Globalization'. Combining key names and studies from across the world, it explores the local realities that resist universal theories and that permeate the daily lives of practising managers.

The book provides a comprehensive and critical reflection on the widely documented phenomenon of globalization in business. It assesses the implications of the diversity of individual economies and enterprises for general theories of management and concludes by presenting new approaches to the study and research of management and organizations.

The United Fruit Company (UFCO) developed an unprecedented relationship with Guatemala in the first half of this century. By 1944, UFCO owned 566,000 acres, employed 20,000 people, and operated 96% of Guatemala's 719 miles of railroad, making the multinational corporation Guatemala's largest private landowner and biggest employer. In Doing Business with the Dictators, Paul J. Dosal shows how UFCO built up a profitable corporation in a country whose political system was known to be corrupt. His work is based largely on research of company documents recently acquired from the Justice Department under the Freedom of Information Act-no other historian researching this topic has looked at these sources. As a result, Dr. Dosal is able to offer the first documentary evidence of how UFCO acquired, defended, and exploited its Guatemalan properties by collaborating with successive authoritarian regimes.

The tax rules of the United States and other countries have intended and unintended effects on the operations of multinational corporations, influencing everything from the formation and allocation of capital to competitive strategies. The growing importance of international business has led economists to reconsider whether current systems of taxing international income are viable in a world of significant capital market integration and global commercial competition. This volume examines the effect of tax policy on international investment choices by presenting in-depth analyses of the interaction of international tax rules and the investment decisions of multinational enterprises. Ten papers assess the role of investment by multinational firms in the U.S. economy and the design of international tax rules for multinational investment; analyze channels through which international tax rules affect the costs of international business activities; and examine ways in which international tax rules affect financing decisions of multinational firms. As a group, the papers demonstrate that international tax rules have significant effects on firms' investment and other financing decisions. This state-of-the-art volume will be of interest to researchers in public finance and international economics and to policymakers concerned with tax policy and international investment issues.

In the increasingly global business environment of the 1990s, policymakers and executives of multinational corporations must make informed decisions based on a sound knowledge of U.S. and foreign tax policy. Written for a nontechnical audience, Taxing Multinational Corporations summarizes up-to-the-minute research on the structure and effects of tax policies. The book covers such practical issues as the impact of tax law on U.S. competitiveness, the volume and location of research and development spending, the extent of foreign direct investment, and the financial practices of multinational companies. In ten succinct chapters, the book documents the channels through which tax policy in the United States and abroad affects plant and equipment investments, spending on research and development, the cost of debt and equity finance, and dividend repatriations by United States subsidiaries. It also discusses the impact of U.S. firms' outbound foreign investment on domestic and foreign economies. Especially useful to non-specialists is an appendix that summarizes current United States rules for taxing international income. The findings of this volume will be of immediate value to executives, lawyers, accountants, and all who seek a concise, thorough overview of international taxation. It is also of long-term value to scholars and policymakers as they debate reforms of international tax rules in the United States and elsewhere.

The negotiation of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade agreement in 1985-88 initiated a period of substantially increased North American, and later, global economic integration. However, events since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 have created the potential for major policy shifts arising from NAFTA's renegotiation and continuing political uncertainties in the United States and with Canada's other major trading partners. Navigating a Changing World draws together scholars from both countries to examine Canada-U.S. policy relations, the evolution of various processes for regulating market and human movements across national borders, and the specific application of these dynamics to a cross-section of policy fields with significant implications for Canadian public policy. It explores the impact of territorial institutions and extra-territorial forces - institutional, economic, and technological, among others - on interactions across national borders, both within North America and, where relevant, in broader economic relationships affecting the movement of goods, services, people, and capital. Above all, Navigating a Changing World represents the first major study to address Canada's international policy relations within and beyond North America since the elections of Justin Trudeau in 2015 and Donald Trump in 2016 and the renegotiation of NAFTA.

This text considers the impact of multinational firms and global competition on labour markets. This study combines an industry level and an analysis on the wage and employment effects of multinational companies. The author explains how many foreign-owned companies based in the UK pay higher wages in absolute terms than to domestically-owned firms, but not sufficiently high to match their even greater productivity. Hence, for foreign-owned firms the share of wages in output or in total outcome generated tends to be low. In view of this, important questions are raised regarding how global changes in the structure of production may affect labour markets and the organization of work in the future.