The unprecedented shifts in the U.S. dollar's exhange rate that started during the late 1970s and continued through the 1980s provide an ideal opportunity to explore how the global economy works and the role that multinational enterprises (MNEs) play in the phenomenon of globalization. In this book, Subramanian Rangan and Robert Z. Lawrence examine the international pricing, sourcing, and trade responses of MNEs to shifts in the dollar. Based upon the micro patterns they observe in MNE behavior, the authors suggest explanations for some puzzling macro patterns evident in our international economy. They conclude that the global integration of markets remains incomplete due to informational and other important discontinuities, and they refute stereotypes which portray multinational firms as either footloose or inflexible. Policy implications for exchange rates, trade, and foreign direct investment are also discussed.

In their analysis of how a consumption tax would affect investment choices by multinational corporations, the authors of this text consider capital inflows into the US and the likely consequences of a simplification of the taxation of international transactions.

Does work in multinational enterprises give women in developing countries an opportunity to free themselves from the restrictions of existing social structures? Information from 30 developing countries is analysed to provide examples of the situation of women workers in multinational enterprises in the Third World today with respect to wages, hours and conditions of work, fringe benefis, labour relations and quality of life. This report has been prepared jointly by the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations and the Bureau of Multinational Enterprises of the International Labour Office.

This collection of essays addresses the vital question of how much the theory of direct foreign investment - developed a decade ago before many drastic changes took place on the international economic scene - still holds. Grouped in five major sections, they cover The Theory of Direct Foreign Investment; Industrial Organization and International Markets; Country Studies; International Finance; and Implications for the United States.Charles P. Kindleberger is Ford International Professor of Economics, Emeritus, at MIT. David B. Audretsch is Assistant Professor of Economics at Middlebury College.

Inpatriates have become an important means of knowledge transfer within multinational companies. As such, the authors of Expatriates: Perspectives and Challenges of the 21st Century attempt to extract information regarding the knowledge transfer processes and inpatriates' behavioral patterns. To provide a rich understanding of these processes from the inpatriates' perspective, critical incidents reported by 22 inpatriates are content-analyzed. The expansion of expatriates has been associated with multinational corporations' offshore production strategies. As livable built environments can attract and retain these expatriate workers in the host city, this compilation investigates how foreign direct investment flows are associated with human capital flows in a case study of Koreans in Suzhou, China. The concluding chapter discusses how, despite corporate globalization and the evolution of technology over the last 2 decades, we have observed a continuous increase in the number of employees deployed on international assignment. In fact, according to Finaccord, expatriate growth has been at a compound annual rate of 5.8% since 2013 and by 2021 the number forecast is 87.5 million. Since scholastic study abroad programs are now included in the curriculum of most post-secondary schools it is no surprise that 8.5% of expatriates are in this sector.

Is culture fixed and immutable, or is it emergent and changing? This is a question that has taken on growing importance in light of the culturally diverse and dynamic workplace realities that have resulted from increasing globalisation. It is also a topic that is in hot debate in international cross-cultural management (ICCM) research, in management and organisation studies in general, and in other disciplines. This book moves beyond the conventional dichotomous thinking of viewing culture either as fixed and immutable or dynamic and "in the making", and aims to develop a conceptualisation of culture that includes both a stable and a changing element. This book is based on empirical research on culture emergence in Sino-Western international cross-cultural management (SW-ICCM) contexts in China. Data have been collected by semi-structured interviews of Chinese and Western expatriates working in SW-ICCM contexts in China. Data analysis has led to the formulation of a grounded theory that views culture as comprising three cognitive components, Values, Expectations, and Ad Hoc Rules, which differ in time-space in their mutual shaping with behaviour, ranging from the enduring/universal, to the intermediate/context-specific, to the temporal/occasion-specific.

Branded a "cultural Chernobyl" and the "tragic kingdom," the Euro Disney Resort has been on its own thrill ride since opening in 1992. The much publicized version of the Magic Kingdom gave Europeans alcohol-free "mocktails," surly employees, even colors too muted for the Disney image. Facing financial disaster, was it any wonder that Disney execs found themselves wishing upon a star for answers?

After so many knee-jerk criticisms of Euro Disney, this book combines firsthand experience and research to shed new light on claims that the park is nothing more than a form of American cultural imperialism. Andrew Lainsbury, a former Euro Disney employee who knows what the park meant to its visitors, goes beyond media bites and academic scorn to examine Europe's love/hate relationship with Euro Disneyland and some of the undiscussed issues surrounding it.

"Once Upon an American Dream" is a story of global capitalism on a grand scale. Lainsbury has plumbed company archives and interviewed key players to give readers the real view from Le Chateau de la Belle au Bois Dormant (Sleeping Beauty's Castle). He cracks open the Euro Disney controversy to reveal the park not as a tragic experiment in exporting American culture but the result of European efforts to import a popular form of American entertainment.

Lainsbury tells how the Walt Disney Company came to build a European park and locate it in France, how political negotiations affected its design and development, how it was promoted to continental audiences, and what caused its widely publicized financial woes before being rescued by a real prince from Saudi Arabia. He reveals what it took to win back the hearts of skeptical Europeans-such as serving wine, selling flashy merchandise, and placating disgruntled workers. Finally, he looks into the magic mirror to speculate on the role of Euro Disney and the Walt Disney Company in the twenty-first century.

Ultimately, Lainsbury shows that cultural imperialism is not an exclusively American phenomenon but a global corporate strategy--and that global corporatism, by needing to be responsive to consumers, is so complex that it may not be as monolithic as feared. "Once Upon an American Dream" is a fairy tale for our times, reminding us that, for all the critical huffing and puffing, the creation and marketing of pleasure is what Euro Disneyland is all about.

For Heineken, 'rising Africa' is already a reality: the profits it extracts there are almost 50 per cent above the global average, and beer costs more in some African countries than it does in Europe. Heineken claims its presence boosts economic development on the continent. But is this true? Investigative journalist Olivier van Beemen has spent years seeking the answer, and his conclusion is damning: Heineken has hardly benefited Africa at all. On the contrary, there are some shocking skeletons in its African closet: tax avoidance, sexual abuse, links to genocide and other human rights violations, high-level corruption, crushing competition from indigenous brewers, and collaboration with dictators and pitiless anti-government rebels. Heineken in Africa caused a political and media furore on publication in The Netherlands, and was debated in their Parliament. It is an unmissable expose of the havoc wreaked by a global giant seeking profit in the developing world.

Chinese companies are globalizing at an unprecedented rate. Haier is the world's largest telecoms equipment manufacturer; Lenovo is the number one PC maker; and others such as Dalian Wanda, Fosun, Shuanghui and Tencent have been regular players in the global M&A scene. This book presents a detailed analysis of current and emerging Chinese multinationals, and the policies, strategies, and ambitions that are driving them today. Written by leading experts in the field, the book provides the most up-to-date insight into a phenomenon that is rapidly changing the global economic and business landscape.

Praise for "THE NEW EMERGING-MARKET MULTINATIONALS"

One of "Strategy and Business"'s Best Business Books of the Year

"This book is a real eye-opener. It will forever change your assumptions about international economic competition and who the winners will be."
--PHILIP KOTLERKellogg School of Managementand author of "Winning at Innovation"

"An insightful read--essential for those wishing to understand the evolution and growth of emerging-economy EMNCs and how they will reshape global market structures."
--ANAND MAHINDRA, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra Group, India

"As this timely book so insightfully points out, the rise of emerging-market multinationals is shifting the global competitive landscape and forcing us to think hard about new growth, strategy, and talent equations. A must-read for business leaders responsible for navigating today's global environment.
--MUHTAR KENT, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Coca-Cola Company

"This book offers an array of fascinating examples and an interesting framework for stimulating thinking about EMNCs' strategic options."
--PANKAJ GHEMAWAT, IESE Business School, and author of "World 3.0"

"A must-read. The book is well researched and provides compelling case illustrations. I highly recommend it."
--W. CHAN KIM, Professor, INSEAD; Codirector, INSEAD Blue Ocean Strategy Institute;and bestselling author of "Blue Ocean Strategy"

"This is the future of global competition. You need to understand it if you aspire to be a player or if global markets are now a part of your strategy."
--DAVID A. AAKER, Vice Chairman, Prophet, and bestselling author of "Brand Relevance"

"This book gives a clear idea of the success formula of emerging-market multinationals by showing practical insights based on a deep understanding of EMNCs. This will help readers from any type of company structure their own growth strategies."
--WONHONG CHO, Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer, Hyundai Motor Company

"An excellent collection of ideas and examples that should inspire companies in emerging markets looking to build brands and markets anywhere."
"--BUSINESSWORLD"

About the Book:

"LG. HTC. Tata. Haier. Lenovo. Arcelik. Natura."

From smartphones and computers to blue jeans and beer, companies from China, India, Taiwan, Mexico, Turkey, and other emerging markets are now winning leading market shares with their own-branded, high-quality products--rather than with poorly produced products sold under others' brand names. These emerging-market multinational companies (EMNCs) are giving the incumbent market leaders of North America, Western Europe, and Japan a run for their money in the areas of innovation, branding, and marketing.

"How have these small, under-resourced businesses come so far so quickly? And what can you learn from their strategies and tactics?"

Renowned experts in global branding and marketing, the authors of "The New Emerging-Market Multinationals "conducted an in-depth study of 39 EMNCs to reveal the innovative compete-from-below strategies and tactics fueling these companies' meteoric rise. The authors identify four strategies driving this growth: COST LEADERS leverage existing low-cost structures and large-scale volumes to extend their reach into developed markets. KNOWLEDGE LEVERAGERS tap their existing resources and knowledge of home consumers and the market to build branded businesses in other emerging markets. NICHE CUSTOMIZERS combine their cost advantages in manufacturing with newly developed low-cost R&D capabilities to develop customized niche-segment branded offerings in other emerging markets. GLOBAL BRAND BUILDERS use their low-cost manufacturing and R&D capabilities to build branded businesses in developed markets-- but limit their focus to specific products and segments through a process of focused innovation.

Whether you run an EMNC or a developedmarket company, deep knowledge of the strategies outlined here is an absolute necessity for competing effectively now and in the future. Don't get caught off guard by the "new kids on the block"--because today's EMNCs are determined to be tomorrow's market leaders.

This book analyses the macro and microeconomic effects on a host economy in regards to the entry of foreign-owned companies (i.e., multinational enterprises MNEs). There is some controversy regarding the impact of MNEs, as can be seen in the active antiglobalisation movements. In addition, this book also makes use of an applied methodology, namely, computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulations, to provide quantitative outcomes and not just qualitative intuitions regarding how MNEs affect economies. CGEs are suitable to derive those results, but very few of them have considered the presence of MNEs. Thus, the CGE model with MNEs presented in this book offers a rather new approach to study the effects of MNEs.

In this timely book, Lee Tavis and Timothy Tavis contend that the values dimension of the actions of multinational firms is becoming increasingly important, given the worldwide integration of economies and peoples. The digital revolution has broadened the reach of globalization and created an informed society that demands higher standards of behavior from the business enterprise; at the same time, multinational corporations have gained power often comparable to that of the nation state, and global society is in need of widely accepted, enduring social and ethical standards. Tavis and Tavis argue that multinational firms must embrace an ethically pro-active stance in their own long-term interests. A strategy of supporting universal human rights, often in partnership with NGOs, offers the greatest potential for success.

"Values-Based Multinational Management "provides an agenda for practical action, with special reference to the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Global Compact. It informs and addresses the values concerns of multinational business managers. It presents its examples and analyses in a clear and concise manner and will be of use both to practitioners in the business community and students and scholars of business ethics.

""Values-Based Multinational Management "employs a novel approach and a variety of perspectives that make it a very valuable addition to business ethics literature. This is excellent, helpful material that discusses an important way in which human rights may fit with globalization." --Timothy L. Fort, George Washington University

"More and more business executives understand that society increasingly judges corporate performance through a broad social lens that includes ideas of corporate social responsibility and business ethics. They are now ready to position their firms to meet these requirements. This volume is a thoughtful discussion of the ways in which the United Nations Global Compact can serve this purpose through a long-term human rights strategy and, importantly, how that strategy can be implemented within the firm." --Georg Kell, UN Global Compact

"This book underlines the fact that--despite the importance of institutional and social ethics--the individual ethics, if not virtue ethics, of corporate leaders remain central. Of highest importance is the authors' emphasis that no individuals--in whatever professional or personal role--can escape the fact that they are responsible for the outcome of their actions. It is to be hoped that this book revitalizes a facet of the debate on business ethics and corporate responsibility that has been neglected for too long." --Klaus M. Leisinger, Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development

The Ivey Casebooks Series is a co-publishing partnership between SAGE Publications and the Richard Ivey School of Business at The University of Western Ontario. Due to their popularity in more than 60 countries, approximately 200 new cases are added to the Ivey School of Business library each year. Each of the casebooks comes equipped with instructor's resources on CD-ROM. These affordable collections will not only help students connect to real-world situations, but will benefit corporations seeking continued education in the field as well. Broadening the scope of environmental forces to a global rather than a domestic context leads to cross-country comparisons that add complexity to the subject matter, enrich analytical theories, and heighten the interest of students. Students gain an appreciation for the many ways in which environmental forces interact, creating a set of risks and opportunities that is unique in each country and that must be evaluated in formulating trade and investment decisions. Cases in the Environment of Business offers an outstanding collection of relevant, classroom-tested cases. In discussing the cases, students will participate in managerial decisions in an international context. Most cases deal with a variety of environmental forces, but generally a single set of forces plays a predominant role. The instructor's resources on CD-ROM includes detailed 6-10 page casenotes for each case, preparation questions for students to review before class, discussion questions, and suggested further readings. Cases in the Environment of Business addresses the following five sets of environmental forces: Industry Structure Responses to strategies of customers, suppliers, and competitors, ; dependence of profitability on unique value-added attributesand the shift of certain activities to low-wage countries Macroeconomic Variables Income levels and growth rates, foreign exchange rates, inflation rates, interest rates, and unemployment rates Political Variables Regulations, financial incentives, taxation, foreign investment restrictions, and international trade and investment agreements Societal Variables Labor and environmental practices, ethics, corporate social responsibility, boards of directors, and demographics Technological Variables Technological infrastructure and the pace and direction of technological changes, including, in particular, the Internet and e-business. The IVEY Casebook Series Cases in Business Ethics Cases in Entrepreneurship Cases in Gender & Diversity in Organizations Cases in Operations Management Cases in Organizational Behavior Cases in the Environment of Business Cases in Alliance Management Mergers and Acquisitions: Text and Cases

At a time when the gigantic transnationals have a huge impact on human health, the environment, working conditions and the economic prospects of nations, this book explores whether it is sufficient to continue to rely on industry self-regulation alone.
Before widening her focus to the general issues, the author examines the now famous case of the infant food industry. Almost two decades after the introduction of the WHO/Unicef Code seeking to regulate the marketing of formula milk substitutes, an estimated one and a half million babies die unnecessarily every year as a result of formula feeding. How effective, therefore, has the Code been in changing industry behaviour?
The author argues that a key question today is how to foster a political climate favourable to practical institutional arrangements for the better regulation of TNCs. Recognizing the tension between global governance on the one hand and the globalized free market on the other, she urges that close attention be given to corporate conduct and TNC compliance with what regulatory codes exist. A range of relevant questions is explored, including the roles of citizen action, national governments and international agencies.
A host of public concerns - for example, job losses when industries migrate or the introduction of GM crops without public consultation - point to corporate regulation as a looming political issue. This book contributes to the debate about how powerful corporations can pay regard not only to the bottom line, but also take more seriously their social responsibilities.

?From our vantage point at Save the Children, one of the largest US-based international relief and development agencies, founded in 1932, the shared-power, no-one-in-charge-world that Barbara C. Crosby describes presents myriad new challenges and opportunities to civil society, non-governmental organizations and citizen-leaders dedicated to positive change. Barbara C. Crosby?s book helps us understand the forces defining this new environment and the most promising leadership practices for achieving our goals within it.? -- Gary Shaye, Vice President of International Programs, Save the Children In today?s world, critical public problems ? like environmental degradation, poverty, and the AIDS epidemic ? spill beyond national boundaries. Those who lead campaigns to remedy these problems must be skilled in bringing very diverse people together and pursue common goals in an ever-changing global environment. These leaders need to build and sustain interorganizational networks that can thrive in many cultures and geographic regions. Leadership for Global Citizenship offers these leaders a comprehensive leadership framework and practical guidance for inspiring and mobilizing citizens around the world to join in local and global initiatives to promote the common good. Barbara C. Crosby presents numerous examples from case studies of leadership in two transnational citizen organizations, Amnesty International, and the International Women?s Rights Action Watch (IWRAW). Previous books and articles have focused on the global commons as a territory wherein the world?s citizens partake of vital natural and social resources and build global civil society. This book is the first to focus on the leadership concepts and practices that can help strengthen collective action across national boundaries to sustain the commons and promote the common good. This book also offers practical guidance for people who want to build and sustain transnational citizen organizations and networks, which are growing in numbers and impact. Crosby offers tools for the exercise of leadership in the global commons, including group assessments, multiple perspectives on team and organizational dynamics, systems thinking, the democratic process, and the search for cross-cultural ethical principles.

This book re-examines management theory `after Globalization'. Combining key names and studies from across the world, it explores the local realities that resist universal theories and that permeate the daily lives of practising managers.

The book provides a comprehensive and critical reflection on the widely documented phenomenon of globalization in business. It assesses the implications of the diversity of individual economies and enterprises for general theories of management and concludes by presenting new approaches to the study and research of management and organizations.

The negotiation of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade agreement in 1985-88 initiated a period of substantially increased North American, and later, global economic integration. However, events since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 have created the potential for major policy shifts arising from NAFTA's renegotiation and continuing political uncertainties in the United States and with Canada's other major trading partners. Navigating a Changing World draws together scholars from both countries to examine Canada-U.S. policy relations, the evolution of various processes for regulating market and human movements across national borders, and the specific application of these dynamics to a cross-section of policy fields with significant implications for Canadian public policy. It explores the impact of territorial institutions and extra-territorial forces - institutional, economic, and technological, among others - on interactions across national borders, both within North America and, where relevant, in broader economic relationships affecting the movement of goods, services, people, and capital. Above all, Navigating a Changing World represents the first major study to address Canada's international policy relations within and beyond North America since the elections of Justin Trudeau in 2015 and Donald Trump in 2016 and the renegotiation of NAFTA.

The international transfer of technology is one of the most important features of the global economy. However, the literature on it is sparse. This book encapsulates the author's contributions to this field over the last three decades and provides insights into the manner, mechanisms, and cost of technology transfer across national boundaries and the implications for (the theory of) the international firm.

In a world focused on science and new technology, brands help to explain why several of the world's multinational corporations have little to do with either. Rather they are old firms with little critical investment in patents or copyrights. For these firms, the critical intellectual property is trademarks. Global Brands, first published in 2007, explains how the world's largest multinationals in alcoholic beverages achieved global leadership; considers the predominant corporate governance structures for such firms; and looks at why these firms form alliances with direct competitors. Brands also determine the waves of mergers and acquisitions in the beverage industry. Global Brands contrasts with existing studies by providing a new dimension to the literature on the growth of multinationals through the focus on brands, using an institutional and evolutionary approach based on original and published sources about the industry and the firms.

This text considers the impact of multinational firms and global competition on labour markets. This study combines an industry level and an analysis on the wage and employment effects of multinational companies. The author explains how many foreign-owned companies based in the UK pay higher wages in absolute terms than to domestically-owned firms, but not sufficiently high to match their even greater productivity. Hence, for foreign-owned firms the share of wages in output or in total outcome generated tends to be low. In view of this, important questions are raised regarding how global changes in the structure of production may affect labour markets and the organization of work in the future.

The compelling story of one man, one company and one country. If you are interacting with Chinese businesses, doing business in China, hoping to understand more about this incredible country, or simply wanting to see what can be achieved through passion, commitment, and integrity, this is the book for you. Unlocking the Emperor's Door documents the life of a man who has been at the heart of Chinese innovation for decades, whose story shows how small things matter, how big risks pay off, and how business and government intertwine in China. Demonstrating the impact of vision and persistence, you will meet Li Jinyuan, the founder and Chairman of Tiens Group - known locally as Tianshi - and uncover his story of success. You will gain profound insights into the people of China, including its younger generation - and better understand the nation which is driving the World economy. Set against the stunning backdrop of modern China, this rags to riches tale of triumph over tragedy, restless adaptation, and individual courage in a complex system, reveals truths about business in China that are vitally relevant today and will be essential tomorrow.

This annually updated reader of public press articles from a cross section of periodicals covers topics such as: the nature of international business; organizations and monetary systems in the international environment; foreign environments and dynamics; and how management deals with environmental forces.This title is supported by the student Web site, www.dushkin.com/online providing study support and tools and links to related Web sites.

Economic Value Added (EVA (R)) has been a much discussed concept that has assisted in the turnaround of a number of multinational enterprises across the world. It is based upon the theory of `economic profit' that enables companies to capture and create wealth both for themselves and their stakeholders. The strategic decisions of performance and posturing can be grounded upon gaining competitive advantage through mapping economic profits. Existing studies on competitive advantage primarily discuss the meaning, definitions, and sources thereof. However, there are few contributions that discuss how competitive advantage can be measured specifically with respect to Indian companies. This book bridges that gap and advocates that the EVA (R) can be used to measure and establish the competitive advantage for Indian firms. It is based upon an in-depth study of such companies to explore the extent of use of EVA (R) in the top BT500 companies in India. It shows that the companies that use EVA (R) have a distinct competitive advantage over their competitors.