This book provides an overview of current approaches and research in the field of international organizations with a focus on implementation issues in a globalized context.
Written by a team of recognized leaders in the field, associated with the growing and influential International Organizations Network (ION).
Covers topical issues such as managing virtual teams and globalization.
Makes a cohesive statement about the field of international organizations.
Is written with a focus on implementation issues.
Offers a solid contribution to the closing of the gap between researchers and practitioners.

Investigating the innovation activities of multinational corporations, this book uncovers and examines why the geography of innovation by multinationals is overwhelmingly local, in spite of their global operations in manufacturing and sales through case studies of produce development by three global players: Toyota, Sony, and Canon. The microdynamic approach of the book allows an in-depth investigation of the engineering and technical aspects of innovation making. The book unfolds the complex and constant process of trial and error in innovation and reveals three fundamental natures of innovation making: complexity, interdisciplinarity, and prototyping and testing. In order to manage these three natures of innovation, firms have to plan, ironically, for unplanned situations and to collocate knowledge, people, and resources.

Business History and International Business are cognate subjects. There are few, if any, studies of international business that do not require a proper study of context. International business decision making must be made relevant by a considered evaluation of the circumstances surrounding that decision. This often means putting it into its historical context. The contributions that the study of international business can make to business history are the input of appropriate theory and appropriate research methods. The best international business theory can illuminate the seemingly disparate strategies of firms in given historical circumstances and can provide an integrated, overarching conceptual structure of the study of business history. The research methods used in international business are also worthy of scrutiny by business historians. The proposition of this book is that international business theory and method can complement business history. This cross-fertilization has been occurring with increasing regularity over the past few decades and this book brings together some of the fruits of this conjunction of two important intellectual domains. This book was published as a special issue of Business History.

The authors explore the degree to which Chinese multinationals have a distinctive 'Chinese' approach to human resource management, in the same way as large Japanese companies are widely regarded as having a special Japanese approach. Based on extensive original research in the subsidiaries of Chinese multinationals outside China, the book examines a wide range of issues related to this key question including the evolution of human resource management in Chinese companies, the internationalization of Chinese business, recruitment and selection, rewards and compensation, performance appraisal, strategic integration, and employee relations.

Shen and Edwards give a detailed account of the international human resource management of Chinese multinational enterprises; a topic of increasing significance in understanding global economic affairs.

Due to increasing complexity in new product development multi-organization, multi-team (MOMT) projects are becoming more common. They are formed in different industries like computer, automotive, aircraft, and space research. Since many of these projects still fail, more knowledge on the influences on performance in and of such projects is required in order to be able to manage them successfully. The author examines the influences of communication within and between teams on team and project performance, which in turn depends on applied design principles that structure and facilitate that information flow. Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal that there are differential relations on the team and project level as well as for effectiveness and efficiency. Managerial implications are given of how to structure MOMT projects and the design problem-solving process and thereby facilitate the information flow within and between teams in order to make the teams and projects successful.

This definitive text will bring a new level of professionalism to courses in International Management. Truly global in focus, it is a comprehensive primer on the challenges and prospects of international management, with a particular emphasis on developing global managers who are skilled in economics, strategy, and general management. In addition, the authors help readers develop an in-depth understanding of the role of cultural differences in managerial effectiveness. The text is divided into three parts: the emerging global economy; culture, organization, and strategy; and managing global operations. Management topics include: organizing for international business, global business strategy, building strategic alliances, international negotiations, global staffing, managing a competitive workforce, TQM and employee involvement, and managing multicultural teams. Throughout the text, the authors integrate current conceptual materials on global management with in-depth country analyses and real-world business examples. Each chapter begins with an opening case vignette (from countries around the world) and concludes with a list of key terms and in-depth exercises ("Global Manager's Workbook"). The text also provides country ratings for 50 countries on economic activity, political risk, and cultural differences, as well as a 35 item instrument for students to measure their own cultural awareness.

'This book is particularly timely now, given the broad realization that the network organization is it. But how to make such organizations work effectively still leaves many unanswered questions. This book provides many of the answers.' - Peter Lorange, President, International Institute for Management Development

In this volume, leading scholars in international business and business history in the United States, Europe and Japan examine the experiences of a range of firms in the United States. They survey British, Canadian, French, German, Spanish and Japanese firms, and span a range of sectors including automobiles, banking, electricals, petroleum and steel. Together, their contributions present a unique evolutionary and comparative perspective on the management and performance of foreign companies in the United States since 1945.
This book is essential reading for all those with a professional or academic interest in international business, management, business history or business in the United States.

Over the past two decades, the enforcement of anti-bribery, anti-money-laundering and anti-terrorism-financing regulations has become increasingly challenging for multinational corporations. Bribery and money laundering scandals have the potential to take down entire multinational corporations. Frequently, managers in charge of those firms end up facing criminal prosecution and civil lawsuits, and are not equipped with the formal legal training to prevent these phenomena. Compliance in Multinational Corporations explores the historical background of such phenomena as bribery, money laundering, and terrorism financing. Analysing the legal environment based upon international conventions, and including an empirical analysis of 100 expert interviews, it takes an innovative look at the perspectives of both criminals and compliance experts to provide a long-lasting guide for compliance experts. While traditional compliance and financial crime literature focuses on rules, regulations and prevention mechanisms, this book shows how intelligent criminals act. It offers practical advice and concrete guidelines that will address the most pre-eminent compliance challenges. The book will prove an essential resource for compliance managers, academics and professional educators who wish to equip themselves against the significant risks they face.

The formation of "multinational" and "transnational" companies, coupled with the accelerating pace of technology, has changed the way the world practices business. International Business and Trade: Theory, Practice, and Policy addresses the challenges that face large, worldwide businesses today and in the 21st century. This textbook introduces business executives and students to current issues and practices in international business. It analyzes the conceptual nature and operational aspects of multinational enterprise and international trade practices. The book is divided into three parts, each addressing a specific area of international business. The first part discusses the theoretical framework of global commerce, monetary systems, and financial environments. The specifics of international business operations-from legal environments to international trade and foreign investments-are covered in Part II. Part III concentrates on government policies and practices, covering the role of national and international organizations in impacting trade and investments.

Based on their ability to facilitate interdependencies across the borders of national and regional markets, multinationals enterprises (MNEs) act as the key drivers of world trade and investment activities. While recent global challenges additionally highlight the need to explain and assess the status and progress of internationality/-regionality, previous research renders the concept of firm-level globalization as a special but not the general case. Christoph Czychon dedicates specific attention to the research on regional and global MNEs based on an extensive and rigorous review of the existing academic literature as well as the analysis of 2005-2015 empirical data from the European context with a focus on CAC40- and DAX30-listed firms. In doing so, the author offers insights and results that stand in contrast to the original narrative of the debate and presents a comprehensive and updated perspective on regional and global MNEs.

Emerging multinational enterprises (or EMNEs) have made a huge impact on the international business stage by internationalising at a rapid rate. And they have performed remarkably well in both developing and developed countries. Accordingly, there is a growing strand of literature on how EMNEs manage their international human resource (IHRM) practices in different international contexts. However, the majority of the literature on IHRM practices of EMNEs is limited to explaining what international management practices EMNEs implement in their foreign subsidiaries and how they implement them. Too often, EMNEs struggle to transfer their weak management practices across national borders as they have limited experience, resources and capabilities when compared to MNEs from developed countries. Developing a better understanding on the manner in which EMNEs adopt their international human resource management and development practices abroad is, therefore, paramount to fully understand their globalisation-related behaviours. This dedicated book will aim to provide a holistic picture and contemporary insights on IHRM in emerging multinational enterprises. It will be of interest to researchers, academics and students in the fields of business and management, especially those with a particular interest in human resource management, firm internationalisation and emerging markets.

This research and teaching volume has been composed in honour of Rosalie Tung, a distinguished institution builder, thought leader and educator in the field of international business (IB). The volume addresses Rosalie Tung's main research focus in a career that has already spanned several decades, namely the analysis of distance facing multinational enterprises (MNEs), with a focus on state-of-the-art conceptual and fact-based empirical developments in the realm of cultural and institutional distance elements. The impact of distance on international business transactions and operations remains ill-understood. How should distance be conceptualized? Which dimensions of distance should be considered? Is distance always a cost, or can it sometimes confer value? This twelfth volume in the Progress in International Business Research series presents extensive accounts of the contemporary scientific debate on how to assess the impacts of distance, both negative and positive ones, on the conduct of international business. This volume covers five dimensions related to the concept, cost and value of distance, in International business: * The concept of distance * The cost of cultural and psychic distance * The cost of institutional distance * The value of distance * Alternative lenses for IB research

Bringing together the leading authorities on globalization and international business this book looks ahead to the new challenges facing multinational firms and predicts what the multinational company will look like in ten years time.

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are believed to contribute towards economic development of host countries through foreign direct investment (FDI), which results in poverty alleviation and human empowerment through linkages and spillovers with local stakeholders. However, earlier research demonstrates that the positive impact of FDI is often inconclusive. There is thus a gap in understanding the link between the activities of MNEs in developing countries and their impact on socio-economic development. This volume reports the results of a large international 'MNEmerge' research project, financed by the European Commission, and provides an understanding of the impact of MNEs on United Nations Millennium Development Goals and successive Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries.

The study of multinational companies (MNCs) has been split for many decades into two camps which hardly 'talked' to each other: a) predominantly economic and functionalist oriented International Business Researchers, and b) largely social constructivist and critical management oriented Organization Theorists. This volume intends to build bridges by bringing together leading international scholars from both camps, who provide new insights in the study of MNCs. In addition to the bridge-building exercise, the book aims to develop a more comprehensive organizational theoretical understanding as well as methodological plurality in the study of how MNCs function in the post-millennium era, both internally and externally, and also how they control their international operations across economic, institutional, cultural, linguistic, political and social divides. Key topics addressed in our volume include: historical perspectives on the study of MNCs, the role of increased financialization and marketization on MNCs, the new role of the HQ within contemporary MNC, the role of language in MNCs, discursive studies of MNCs, labour representation in MNCs as well as social movements and corporate social responsibility and MNCs.

From a capital market perspective, the author analyzes Merger and Acquisitions transactions (M&A) and in-licensings in the pharmaceutical industry between 1998 and 2012. Utilizing the event study methodology, the volume shows that M&A experiences significant, negative cumulative average abnormal returns whereas in-licensings are able to create value. But what are the underlying value drivers which make a deal a success or a failure story? The author derives significant innovative determinants of success for both strategies.

Multinational enterprises are becoming a dominant force in international business but surprisingly little has been written on the vital question of the legal issues surrounding their global operations.

Newly updated in paperback, Multinational Enterprises and the Law represents the only complete contemporary and interdisciplinary account of the various techniques used to regulate MNE's at national, regional and international levels. The coverage is comprehensive, authoritative and accessible using numerous case studies from both developed and developing stages to unite theory and current practice.

Split into three major sections the book deals with:

Part I - the conceptual background to MNE regulation.

Part II - a complete examination of the limits of national and regional jurisdiction in regulating MNEs, restrictions on entry and establishment, investment promotion, the impact of the WTO post-entry controls in the fields of tax, company law, antitrust and labour law.

Part III - the contribution of international law and organizations to the regulation of MNEs, including renegotiations and expropriation, ICSID, MIGA and bilateral investment treaties.

The author has skilfully identified the contributions that economics, politics and sociology can add to a full understanding of the legal environment in which the MNE operates.

There can be no doubt that the breadth and depth of the coverage in this book will make it the definitive reference for students, researchers and practitioners in international law, business law, development studies, international politics and international business.

When President Garter responded to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan by slapping an embargo on U.S. grain shipments to the U.S.S.R., he used "the wealth weapon" to defend American strategic interests and human rights, as authors Ben J. Wattenberg and Richard J. Whalen pro-pose in this book that breaks new ground in analyzing U.S. foreign pol-icy.

Writing from their different per-sonal perspectives (as a liberal Demo-crat and a moderate Republican re-spectively), this pair of partisan ac-tivists offer a lively, balanced set of arguments, pro and con, for an activist U.S. foreign policy. They and a cast of invented characters representing op-posing viewpoints debate whether U.S. foreign trade and investments and American multinational corporations should be used to pursue national goals and objectives, especially in dealing with the communist nations.

The authors argue that the post-Vietnam reduction of U.S. political influence and military strength over-seas gives future presidents little choice but to use the largely exploited economic strength and wealth-creat-ing ability of America to protect vital interests abroad--just as President Carter felt compelled to do on an ad hoc basis after the Soviets took over Afghanistan. They call for a consis-tent, long-term use of "the wealth weapon" in close coordination with U.S. allies and trading partners.

As veteran political analysts and so-cial critics, the authors take a fresh, provocative and informative look at a phenomenon too often left to dry-as-dust economists: the role in the world of giant global corporations whose re-sources often dwarf those of nation-states. As they declare, the authors set out to write the first truly readable (and even enjoyable) book about multina-tional corporations--and they have succeeded amid a world crisis when their timely message anticipates to-morrow's headlines.

This book uses the examples of local supply firms in China and Brazil and their connections to the global automotive industry to explore the nature of current global value chains. It argues that lead firms make use of product architecture to globalize their procurement and supply chain management and that they effectively restructure the global supply base by internationalizing the most capable supply firms, thereby creating oligopolies controlled by the lead firm. The book goes on to contend that some firms have gained such powerful positions that they have gained a degree of control over other firms without the necessity of ownership - altering the mechanics of governance. Also, it shows how, although some supply firms from emerging markets have utilized their business ties with western assembly firms to upgrade themselves within the global value chain, most are squeezed out through increased global competition. Overall, the book makes a major new contribution to the economic theory of governance.

The organizational design of the Multinational Corporation (MNC) was a vibrant area of research in the field of International Business and Management during the 1970-1990's. However, since then this research has largely faded from our scholarship. This volume of AIM is designed to spark new life into the research on the organizational design of the MNC. The world - and environmental forces - has changed substantially in the last decades placing new constrains on the MNCs. External shocks have increased and MNCs need to learn how to live with this increased market volatility. Integrating value chains makes MNCs more efficient but also vulnerable. The relentless forces of competition and globalization are forcing MNCs to divide their activities and reach for foreign inputs, markets and partners. By dividing their value chain into discrete pieces -- - some to be performed in-house, while others are outsourced to partner organizations -- - MNCs hope to reduce overall costs and risks, while also reaping the benefits of ideas from contractors or alliance partners worldwide. These challenges call for new research on the organizational design of the MNC. It is our intention with this AIM volume to motivate new research on the proper organizational design mechanisms of MNCs as of today.

As a consequence of aggressive competition, Chinese industries have become increasingly consolidated. While the extent to which emerging local firms can challenge well-established multinational firms varies by industry, there are common characteristics of 'winners' within each firm type. A handful of multinational and local firms emerged victorious by acquiring small, weak, and regional players to become truly national players. During this process, weaker multinational firms were crowded out of the market by stronger multinationals as well as by emerging local powerhouses. The successful local firms that survive competition in China have global ambitions and venture into international markets, challenging foreign multinational firms in the global marketplace. This book examines how multinational firms grew their operations in China and how successful local firms emerged from the restructuring process, as well the competition between them, in the fierce marketplace of China's economic reform. While anecdotal evidence on this topic is widespread, there exists no comprehensive research. This book seeks to address this gap by rooting its discussion in the author's extensive and rigorous statistical analyses and detailed case studies across five industries: consumer products, beer, telecom, automobile, and steel.

This volume looks at interaction between business firms and socio-political actors in emerging markets - and how this relationship can be managed - and deals with the interconnection between the socio-political organizations in emerging markets and MNCs. Inferring to different business perspectives, the volume includes papers studying firms' strategic actions towards socio-political organizations, i.e. the interplay with socio-political actors and how this affects firms' competitive advantage in a particular market. The book discusses this in relation to a number of critical strategic areas such as brand building, market orientation and CSR. It also offers a number of practical illustrations from empirical studies from different markets. In this volume different authors contribute chapters focusing on diverse empirical and theoretical aspects covering the impact of socio-political environments on the success of international firms.

This volume takes stock of the latest international business research on the relationship between European multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their policy environment. The volume brings together a variety of scholarly contributions from an European perspective. European MNEs were amongst the earliest to internationalize and many now command globally dispersed operations. European MNEs pioneered the multi-centric organizational form, which can be interpreted in part as an effort to address the policy challenges facing these firms in environments fraught with natural and government-imposed market imperfections. The volume covers four dimensions of MNE corporate strategy in the face of complex policy environments: corporate strategic responses to national policy institutions; pro-active institution-oriented strategies; dynamics of international business-government relations; and, corporate strategies in turbulent times.

Finding ways to alleviate global poverty poses a major challenge for political leaders and intellectuals worldwide. The contributors to this volume, top scholars of international business, examine the effects of globalization on the developing world and address ways in which multinational corporations (MNCs) can play a positive role in the fight against poverty.The essays illustrate how, by creating new business models, multinational enterprises are best equipped to relieve global poverty. By making investments among the poor - in pursuit of profit and shareholder wealth rather than as charity - the economic activity generated by investments would go a long way towards reducing poverty. The contributors show how following this strategy would lead to today's poor becoming part of the economy and emerging as visible customers for MNCs. They address the many facets of this plan in chapters on: MNCs and host environment and policies, strategies and their impact, governments and civil society, international business models, and global institutions and social responsibility. This unique solution to poverty reduction will be of great interest to scholars of international relations and business, international corporate managers and executives, government officials, and NGO executives dealing with global matters.