-Gives a new perspective on the politics of drug supply

-Will interest those involved with the management of medicines at any level

-Indispensable for students of public health

This book refocuses thinking on how multinational enterprises (MNEs) can achieve a sustained contribution to European transition economies as these countries move from the processes of transformation into pursuit of more sustained development. The authors apply key aspects of recent work on the strategic aims and nature of the contemporary MNE to the transition economy context, and find that the generation and application of technology has particular relevance to the success of MNEs in Central and Eastern Europe. The book is based on the results of two new wide-ranging surveys and includes a thorough review of current literature.

Bringing together a diverse group of contributors, this collection addresses the impact of transnational corporations on human rights. Topics covered include corporate social responsibility; the impact of corporations on internal conflicts, and codes of conduct. Case studies range from the negative effects of the Nigerian oil industry to the positive engagement by a logging company with the Nuu-chah-nulth people in Canada. The book uniquely combines the discussion of conceptual issues with an in-depth examination of specific corporations and industries.

Foreign-owned firms (FoFs) can have significant implications in terms of employment, income and technology for the national economies involved. This book compares the efficiency of domestic and FoFs, and also looks at the performance of FoFs in several different countries. Contributors take a broad variety of research approaches with a focus on the use of firm-specific data from France, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. They conclude that foreign ownership matters but the real difference is not between FoFs and national firms but between multinational and domestic firms.

The first comprehensive history of the Chrysler Corporation, this book is intended for readers interested in the history of automobiles and of American business, and for fans and critics of Chrysler's products. From the Chrysler Six of 1924, to the front-wheel-drive vehicles of the 70s and 80s, to the minivan, Chrysler boasts an impressive list of technological "firsts." But even though the company has catered well to a variety of consumers, it has come to the brink of financial ruin more than once in its seventy-five-year history. How Chrysler achieved monumental success and then managed colossal failure and sharp recovery is explained in Riding the Roller Coaster, a lively, unprecedented look at a major force in the American automobile industry since 1925. Charles Hyde tells the intriguing story behind Chrysler--its products, people, and performance over time--with particular focus on the company's management. He offers a lens through which the reader can view the U.S. auto industry from the perspective of the smallest of the automakers who, along with Ford and General Motors, make up the "Big Three." The book covers Walter P. Chrysler's life and automotive career before 1925, when he founded the Chrysler Corporation, and traces the company's history to 1998, when it merged with Daimler-Benz. Chrysler made a late entrance into the industry in 1925 when it emerged from Chalmers and Maxwell, and further grew when it absorbed Dodge Brothers and American Motors Corporation. The author follows this journey, explaining the company's leadership in automotive engineering, its styling successes and failures, its changing management, and its activities from auto racing to defense production toreal estate. Throughout, the colorful personalities of its leaders--including Chrysler himself and Lee lacocca--emerge as strong forces in the company's development, imparting a risk-taking mentality that gave the company its verve.

The advent of globalization and the global market place has brought about a widespread boom in the international trade and commerce. Two of the most decisive factors have been the collapse of the Soviet Union and globalization ahs inevitable affected the approach of international business management.

This book examines one of the greatest challenges facing Japanese multinationals as they continue to expand foreign direct investment: how to integrate local managers into the management process of overseas subsidiaries, as well as in that of the parent companies themselves. In the majority of Japanese subsidiaries, management control has remained in the hands of Japanese managers at extremely high cost, but now Japanese firms are considering integrating local nationals into the management process of their companies, a process that may yield significant competitive advantage.

This volume in the Academy of International Business series focuses on globalization and international business, and presents the work of leading international business scholars delivered at the 27th AIB conference. Contributions examine how the underlying characteristics of international business are changing. The book successfully brings together an integrated set of research concepts and results to present some contrasting views about the nature and effects of globalization as the multinational continues to develop in the 21st century.

Henry Bernard Loewendahl scrutinizes the relationship between multinational companies, regional development, and governments, using a framework of bargaining between government and multinationals. He critically analyzes the role of foreign investment in economic development, and examines how governments can link inward investment to regional economic development. Based on extensive use of data, interviews and case studies of Siemens and Nissan's UK investment, the book shows why MNCs have invested in the UK in the past, how they bargained with the government, and what the impact was on the national and regional economies. In particular, through linking the strategy of multinationals to the location advantages of the UK, it is argued that labor flexibility and incentives were crucial to investment decisions. Loewendahl recommends a framework to integrate endogenous and exogenous approaches to developments; and proposes a greater role for the region and the EU to control incentives and monitor multinationals.

Leadership selection in the major global economic organizations produced unprecedented levels of public conflict during the 1990s. The convention that awards the IMF managing directorship to a European and the World Bank presidency to an American sparked conflict between the United States and Europe as well as growing discontent on the part of Japan and the developing countries. At the WTO, successive conflicts demonstrate deeper shortcomings in governance as membership expands rapidly and consensus decision making fails. Protracted efforts to choose new heads of these increasingly important organizations have undermined their legitimacy and distracted members from their core agendas. This selection process and its flaws provide a central theme for the analysis and prescriptions presented in this study, which focuses on the major international financial institutions (IFIs) and other global and regional multilaterals. Miles Kahler looks at the sources of conflict and presents recommendations for reform: in the short run, changes in the process, such as the use of search committees; in the long run, the dismantling of the US-European convention at the IFIs and changes in representation at the WTO. The author's diagnosis and policy recommendations have important implications for leadership selection in other regional and global organizations.

Privatization, with its ultimate objective of raising economic efficiency, has been central to the transformation of the economies of Eastern Europe and Russia. The perception of foreign direct investment in the privatization process of transitional economies is often shrouded in emotional prejudice and daily political needs and remote from rational economic considerations. Eastern Europe is no exception to this trend. This study identifies the presence of multinationals and their role in privatization in Eastern Europe. It binds together the current theoretical knowledge of foreign capital and privatization in transition economies with a close examination of the privatization policies and strategies in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Estonia and Russia.

This book combines a theoretical study of Japan's economic structures and multinational enterprises with an analysis of the contemporary multinational enterprise. Kensy assesses the value of the post-modern approach to understanding the New Economy, as well as Japanese society and culture. He analyses Japan's economic structure, interpreting its methods, strategies, and results in a postmodern context and surveys socio-economic development in Japan since the beginning of Westernization. He examines Japanese models for the transformation of society in the future, with particular reference to the Keiretzu.

Original essays identify the channels through which inward investment can affect host economies and shape the size and structure of industrialized economies over the last decade. Leading experts in international investment and the behavior of national and multinational firms combine innovative methodologies and firm-level data to evaluate the impact of inward investment on such issues as productivity, technology, and innovation. They compare UK developments to those experienced by French, Italian, German and US economies.

Based on a dissertation written for the University of Iowa in 1997 and several published articles on the subject. Discusses the entire history and practice of advertising in China, dating back to the beginning of the 20th century and the first booms in the 1920s and 1930s. Also discusses modern Chinese advertising in depth.

Branded a "cultural Chernobyl" and the "tragic kingdom," the Euro Disney Resort has been on its own thrill ride since opening in 1992. The much publicized version of the Magic Kingdom gave Europeans alcohol-free "mocktails," surly employees, even colors too muted for the Disney image. Facing financial disaster, was it any wonder that Disney execs found themselves wishing upon a star for answers?

After so many knee-jerk criticisms of Euro Disney, this book combines firsthand experience and research to shed new light on claims that the park is nothing more than a form of American cultural imperialism. Andrew Lainsbury, a former Euro Disney employee who knows what the park meant to its visitors, goes beyond media bites and academic scorn to examine Europe's love/hate relationship with Euro Disneyland and some of the undiscussed issues surrounding it.

"Once Upon an American Dream" is a story of global capitalism on a grand scale. Lainsbury has plumbed company archives and interviewed key players to give readers the real view from Le Chateau de la Belle au Bois Dormant (Sleeping Beauty's Castle). He cracks open the Euro Disney controversy to reveal the park not as a tragic experiment in exporting American culture but the result of European efforts to import a popular form of American entertainment.

Lainsbury tells how the Walt Disney Company came to build a European park and locate it in France, how political negotiations affected its design and development, how it was promoted to continental audiences, and what caused its widely publicized financial woes before being rescued by a real prince from Saudi Arabia. He reveals what it took to win back the hearts of skeptical Europeans-such as serving wine, selling flashy merchandise, and placating disgruntled workers. Finally, he looks into the magic mirror to speculate on the role of Euro Disney and the Walt Disney Company in the twenty-first century.

Ultimately, Lainsbury shows that cultural imperialism is not an exclusively American phenomenon but a global corporate strategy--and that global corporatism, by needing to be responsive to consumers, is so complex that it may not be as monolithic as feared. "Once Upon an American Dream" is a fairy tale for our times, reminding us that, for all the critical huffing and puffing, the creation and marketing of pleasure is what Euro Disneyland is all about.

China is the largest emerging market in the world, yet Western MNCs have invested significantly less there than their Asian MNC counterparts. Luo systematically compares Western and Asian investment strategies and their performance in China and draws lessons that Westerners must heed. He compares Western and Asian MNCs on their respective economic rationales, cultural proximity, strategy behavior, investment structure, business determinants, and performance differences. He also reviews foreign direct investment in China over two decades, outlines the economic environment facing MNCs today, delineates new policies that affect foreign investment and operations, and discusses China's entry into the World Trade Organization and the impact this will have on MNCs everywhere. The result is a needed contribution to the literature on international investment and the China market, particularly for upper level executives, analysts studying emerging markets, and scholars specializing in international business and expansion.

In Part I, Luo reviews the experience of MNCs in China and the opportunities and challenges, today and in coming years. In Part II he looks at the strategy, structure, and performances of Western and Asian MNCs. He assesses and compares strategic and structural behaviors of these two groups of MNCs, then deciphers and compares the differences in distinctive capabilities and their performance implications. In other chapters he examines and compares financial performance and its business determinants--thus giving executives of Western MNCs a way to verify the effectiveness of their own investment and operating strategies and to reconfigure them, if necessary, to include environmental dynamics and organizational capabilities. In addition to mini-cases throughout the book, there is an appendix consisting of six major case studies, detailing the experiences and successes of six Asian MNCs in China, offering a seldom seen glimpse of how the West's Asian competitors accomplish their own goals, and why the challenges they present to the West are so formidable.

This text gathers together 13 articles that deal with the internationalization strategies of firms, effects of foreign investment on host countries, and host country policies vis-a-vis foreign multinationals. It illustrates how the behaviour of multinational firms and their effects on the host country are likely to differ between countries in a systematic manner, depending on the host country's economic policies and market conditions and provides an approach on how to look at multinational firms.

The Emergence and Impact of MNC Centres of Excellence explores an important new element in the development of the multinational corporation. Whilst previously the parent company was seen as the centre, and the foreign subsidiaries as the periphery, today, it is recognized that different subsidiaries have different roles, and are linked to each other in a complicated pattern. One crucial aspect of this is that some subsidiaries become 'centres of excellence' (COE) controlling resources on which other parts of the corporation depend for their operations. This book investigates the existence of COEs in different countries, examining why they emerge and analysing their impact on corporate strategy.

The effects of globalization strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on national and local development are explored and analyzed here and implications of these effects for policy makers are highlighted. Containing contributions from international business scholars, the text addresses this previously little explored but critically important issue for the future of the world economy.

The fifth volume of the Academy of International Business Series concentrates on three crucial areas of International Business: organizational issues across multinational enterprises, international market entry strategy and emerging markets. It examines theory and practice in parent-subsidiary relationships, in host country and MNE interactions, and in the organizational response of international business to dynamics in the global economy.

Throughout the world, languages differ, but the business questions are the same. In French and Japanese, Hebrew and English, executives are asking, "How can I survive and thrive in the borderless, global marketplace?"

For answers, the authors of Global Literacies went straight to the leaders themselves -- the CEOs of thousands of corporations around the globe.

Two lessons emerged. First, there are leadership universals that every executive and manager needs to practice in order to be world-class at home and abroad. The second defied conventional wisdom: in the borderless economy, culture doesn't matter less, it matters more.

Around the world, business leaders apply their own experiences -- personal, professional, and cultural -- to an ever-expanding world of Dutch colleagues, Brazilian suppliers, Taiwanese manufacturers, and Chinese competitors. These leaders are trying to become globally literate...and Global Literacies is for, and about, them.

No one knows this better than CEOs of successful global companies such as Japan's Canon, Sweden's Ericsson, Taiwan's Acer Computers, the U.K.'s British Telecommunications, and U.S.-based Coca-Cola.

In Global Literacies, a team of researchers led by Robert Rosen, Ph.D., of Healthy Companies International, and Watson Wyatt Worldwide have produced the first model of international business success based on a wide-ranging landmark study of global leaders and their world-class companies. Global Literacies documents the exclusive results of a worldwide survey of over one thousand senior executives and in-depth interviews with CEOs of seventy-eight companies -- companies representing 3.5 million employees in more than 200 countries, and with more than $725 billion in annual sales.

Global Literacies offers compelling new insights and business tools:

The Global Leadership Universals

Learn the new literacies of business:

* Personal Literacy -- understanding and valuing yourself
* Social Literacy -- engaging and challenging people
* Business Literacy -- focusing and mobilizing your business
* Cultural Literacy -- valuing and leveraging cultural difference

The Global Success Quotient

Learn which are the most globally active, financially successful companies -- and countries -- in the world, understand how they got there, and apply those learnings to your own organization.

The Cultures of Twenty-first-Century Business

Develop ways to see global challenges and opportunities, think with an international mindset, act with fresh global-centric leadership behaviors, and mobilize world-class companies -- whether you're a multinational giant, a domestic manufacturer, or a local community organization.

National Profiles

With sophisticated profiles of thirty countries, and survey data from eighteen national cultures -- from the Tolerant Traders of the Netherlands to China's Ancient Modernizers and the Optimistic Entrepreneurs of the United States, Global Literacies is a groundbreaking and fascinating work on the most important issues in the world of business today.

Globalization is unravelling and reassembling the fabric of labour relations in ways that are more affected by local conditions and business requirements than by international standards. Drawing together a group of concerned delegates, a special International Conference in Leuven, Belgium, on 2-3 May 1999, was sponsored by the Euro-Japan Institute for Law and Business. The participants included prominent members of the international legal, business and academic communities, as well as representatives of the International Labour Organisation, the Organisation for Economic Development and Co-operation (including its Trade Union Advisory Committee), the European Union, and the International Employers' Association. This book is the record of this conference. It publishes the reports presented by the various delegates, and also includes the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) and its follow-up. As an additional feature, it publishes codes of conduct for several multinational enterprises. The text investigates four channels that are available for monitoring social change and promoting social progress in today's world: labour conventions legally binding on signatory states, international guidelines and statements of social policy imposing voluntary standards on multinational enterprises, international declarations of rights recommending agendas for legislatures, and internal corporate codes of conduct. The reports evaluate the effectiveness of these channels, how they operate in practice, their impact on day-to-day reality, and the extent of coherence and consistency they manifest as instruments of social change.