The serotonin 5-HT6 receptor represents a novel pharmacological target whose impact on physiopathology of CNS functions remains undetermined. Some receptor antagonists have been synthesized and they show a modulatory role in learning and memory processes and food intake. The pharmacology of 5-HT6 receptor agonists is still under evaluation. However, both 5-HT6 antagonists and agonists seem to exert potential antidepressant activity. Recently, a second messenger system has been discovered. 5-HT6 receptor function is becoming more and more intriguing. Thus, the aim of the present book is to try to clarify the pharmacology of 5-HT6 receptors.

written by expert researchers covers all published literature to date in the field of 5-HT6 receptors

How does the genome, interacting with the multi-faceted environment, translate into the development by which the human brain achieves its astonishing, adaptive array of cognitive and behavioral capacities? Why and how does this process sometimes lead to neurodevelopmental disorders with a major, lifelong personal and social impact?

This volume of "Progress in Brain Research" links findings on the structural development of the human brain, the expression of genes in behavioral and cognitive phenotypes, environmental effects on brain development, and developmental processes in perception, action, attention, cognitive control, social cognition, and language, in an attempt to answer these questions.
Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future researchChapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics coveredAll chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

With recent advances of modern medicine more people reach the "elderly age" around the globe and the number of dementia cases are ever increasing. This book is about various aspects of dementia and provides its readers with a wide range of thought-provoking sub-topics in the field of dementia. The ultimate goal of this monograph is to stimulate other physicians' and neuroscientists' interest to carry out more research projects into pathogenesis of this devastating group of diseases.

This volume investigates the implications of how our brain directs our movements on decision-making. An extensive body of knowledge in chapters from international experts is presented as well as integrative group reports discussing new directions for future research.

The understanding of how people make decisions is of central interest to experts working in fields such as psychology, economics, movement science, cognitive neuroscience, neuroinformatics, robotics, and sport science. For the first time the current volume provides a multidisciplinary overview of how action and cognition are integrated in the planning of and decisions about action.
* Offers intense, focused, and genuine interdisciplinary perspective
* Conveys state-of-the-art and outlines future research directions on the hot topic of mind and motion (or embodied cognition)
* Includes contributions from psychologists, neuroscientists, movement scientists, economists, and others

Since the late 90 s, a renewed interest in the neurobiology of sleep has provided new advancements in the understanding of basic sleep science and the clinical aspects of sleep disorders, with particular interest given to the role of genetics.

From laboratory techniques and therapies, groundbreaking research in sleep-wakefulness, new models of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mechanisms, to bright light therapy for circadian rhythm sleep disorders, this handbook will provide clinicians and researchers with a state-of-the-art reference that summarizes the clinical features and management of the many neurological manifestations of sleep disorders.

Practitioners will find invaluable research, information, and laboratory techniques on such topics as sleep-wake-dependent genes, the role of sleep duration in mortality and morbidity, and advancements in the understanding of the neurobiology of sleep disorders, including narcolepsy-cataplexy, restless legs syndrome, REM behavior disorders, fatal familiar insomnia, sleep apnea and heart failure, and nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, amongst others. In addition, significant advancements in therapies and drug protocols are presented.
* Clinical data on groundbreaking advancements in the understanding of basic sleep science
* Invaluable information on new therapies and drug protocols for sleep disorders
* A state-of-the-art reference that includes the role of genetics in sleep medicine"

Stress is a universal phenomenon that impacts adversely on most people. Following on the heels of "Stress Science: Neuroendocrinology" and "Stress Consequences: Mental, Neuropsychological and Socioeconomic," this third derivative volume will provide a readily accessible and affordable compendium that explains the phenomenon of stress as it relates physically and mentally to war, conflict and disaster. The first section will be dedicated to study of the link between stress and various forms of conflict. Specific instances of conflict will be discussed - the Gulf wars, Korea, Hiroshima bombing, the Holocaust, 9/11, Northern Ireland, terrorism in general, torture. The second section will explore the stress impact of more general physical disasters such as airline and vehicle accidents, earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. The final section will focus on the clinical relationship between conflict stress and various mental diseases - PTSD, suicide, disaster syndrome, etc - as well as the adverse impact of stress on human physical health in general.

Comprised of about 100 top articles selected from Elsevier s "Encyclopedias of Stress," the volume will provide a valuable desk reference that will put relevant articles readily at the fingertips of all scientists who consider stress.

Chapters offer impressive and unique scope with topics addressing the relationship between stress generated by war, conflict and disaster and various physical/mental disorders Richly illustrated with over 200 figures, dozens in color Articles carefully selected by one of the world s most preeminent stress researchers and contributors represent the most outstanding scholarship in the field, with each chapter providing fully vetted and reliable expert knowledge"

This volume focuses on the interplay of mind and motion-the bidirectional link between thought and action. In particular, it investigates the implications that this coupling has for decision making. How do we anticipate the consequences of choices and how is the brain able to represent these choice options and their potential consequences? How are different options evaluated and how is a preferred option selected and implemented? This volume addresses these questions not only through an extensive body of knowledge consisting of individual chapters by international experts, but also through integrative group reports that pave a runway into the future. The understanding of how people make decisions is of common interest to experts working in fields such as psychology, economics, movement science, cognitive neuroscience, neuroinformatics, robotics, and sport science. So far, however, it has mainly been advanced in isolation within distinct research disciplines; in contrast, this book results from a deliberate assembly of multidisciplinary teams. It offers intense, focused, and genuine interdisciplinary perspective. It conveys state-of-the-art and outlines future research directions on the hot topic of Mind and Motion (or embodied cognition). It includes contributions from psychologists, neuroscientists, movement scientists, economists, and others.

This volume of "Progress in Brain Research "documents recent developments and research findings in relation to sex and how the brain s function and behavior differs from men to women. Specific areas include cerebral function, morphology and organization, sexual dimorphism, neural origins, and genetics and epigenetics, as well as potential causes/affects of stress, pain, sexual orientation and identity and other social issues such as distribution of disorders across thesexes and autism.
* Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
* Highlights areas for future research
* Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts"

This volume focuses on the interplay of mind and motion - the bidirectional link between thought and action. In particular, it investigates the implications that this coupling has for decision making. How do we anticipate the consequences of choices and how is the brain able to represent these choice options and their potential consequences? How are different options evaluated and how is a preferred option selected and implemented? This volume addresses these questions not only through an extensive body of knowledge consisting of individual chapters by international experts, but also through integrative group reports that pave a runway into the future. The understanding of how people make decisions is of common interest to experts working in fields such as psychology, economics, movement science, cognitive neuroscience, neuroinformatics, robotics, and sport science. So far, however, it has mainly been advanced in isolation within distinct research disciplines; in contrast, this book results from a deliberate assembly of multidisciplinary teams. It offers intense, focused, and genuine interdisciplinary perspective. It conveys state-of-the-art and outlines future research directions on the hot topic of Mind and Motion (or embodied cognition). It includes contributions from psychologists, neuroscientists, movement scientists, economists, and others.

MRI Atlas of Human White Matter remains the only atlas to provide detailed anatomy of human brain white matter. Knowledge of this anatomy via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI )greatly enhances our understanding of brain function and neural connectivity. These advances promise to be particularly helpful with neurological diseases, such asAlzheimer's. The second edition offers an introduction to and description of the methodology, the 3D anatomy of individual tracts, and a series of color-coded orientation maps to delineate white matter anatomy in a slice-by-slice manner. Improvements over the 1st edition include: full segmentation of up to 176 regions of the brain, added definitions of gray matter to further understanding between white and gray matter structures, andthe addition of standardized stereotaxic coordinates. The atlasserves as avaluable resource for clinicians, researchers and graduate students in neuroscience, neurology, neurosurgery and radiology.
Visualization of brain white matter anatomy via 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) contrasts and enhances relationship of anatomy to functionFull segmentation of 170+ brain regions more clearly defines structure boundaries than previous point-and-annotate anatomical labeling, andconnectivity is mapped in a way not provided by traditional atlasesElectronic files with viewing software can be made available via CD and/or BrainNavigator, allowing readers access to raw image files"

This second volume follows on from Part I by reviewing the variety of animal models of PD current available (from drosophila to rodents to non-human primate species) and their specific contributions to PD research. This is followed by comprehensive coverage of functional neuroimaging studies that explore different pathophysiological questions and evaluate treatment outcome in PD patients. Different areas of experimental therapeutics and outstanding challenges to PD treatment are presented in a concluding group of articles.

Complete overview of hot topics and approaches to current PD research, from molecules, to brain circuits, to clinical and therapeutic applications. Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research. All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is accessible also to the non-specialist.

Neuroendocrinology is a discipline which originated about 50 years ago as a branch of Endocrinology and that is now strictly linked to neuroscience.

Volumes 181 and 182 of Progress in Brain Researchprovide a rapid view of the major points presently discussed at biological and clinical levels.

The chapters have been written by top scientists who are directly involved in basic or clinical research and who use the most sophisticated biotechnological techniques.

The volumes cover of the role of genetics in many endocrine-related events, like neuroendocrinological diseases and endocrine depenedent cancers (prostate, breast, etc, ). Interesting information is also provided on possibile treatments of neurodegenerative brain diseases (e.g., Alzheimer and similar syndromes).

The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results

Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered

Of great value for researchers and experts, but also for students as a background reference"

Published since 1959, "International Review of Neurobiology" is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research.

With recent advancements in new knowledge, it has become evident that psychostimulants and related drugs of abuse are influencing our central nervous system (CNS) remarkably and could alter their function for a longtime. This volume is the first to focus on substance abuse induced brain pathology in the widest sense as it covers alterations in neuronal, glial and endothelial cell functions under the influence of acute or chronic usage of substance abuse.

Published since 1959, "International Review of Neurobiology" is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research.

This volume is a collection of articles covering "Novel Approaches to Studying Basal Ganglia and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders. "Topics covered include molecular profiling of direct and indirect striatal medium spiny neurons, the role of epigenetics in development and function of basal ganglia and transgenic animal models for Parkinson's disease.

This fully revised 2e provides the only unified synthesis of available information concerning the mechanisms of higher-order memory formation. It spans the range from learning theory, to human and animal behavioral learning models, to cellular physiology and biochemistry. It is unique in its incorporation of chapters on memory disorders, tying in these clinically important syndromes with the basic science of synaptic plasticity and memory mechanisms. It also covers cutting-edge approaches such as the use of genetically engineered animals in studies of memory and memory diseases. Written in an engaging and easily readable style and extensively illustrated with many new, full-color figures to help explain key concepts, this book demystifies the complexities of memory and deepens the reader s understanding.
More than 25% new content, particularly expanding the scope to include new findings in translational research. Unique in its depth of coverage of molecular and cellular mechanisms Extensive cross-referencing to Comprehensive Learning and Memory Discusses clinically relevant memory disorders in the context of modern molecular research and includes numerous practical examples
"

This well-established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as emerging and promising subfields.

This volume explores interdisciplinary research on Attention and interaction of Attention with other cognitive processes including perception, learning, and memory. The papers cover major research on attention in Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Psychology. The volume presents recent advances on attention including binding, dynamics of attention, attention and perceptual organization, attention and consciousness, emotion and attention, development of attention, crossmodal attention, computational modeling of attention, control of actions, attention and memory, and meditation.

This volume provides a broad overview of important new advances in the field of Neuropharmacology. In 20 chapters, a selection of international contributors discuss topics including endocannabinoid function, pain, stress, astrocytes etc, and new possibilities for treatments of neurological diseases with neuropharmacological approaches.
- Cutting-edge articles in neuropharmacology
- Discusses new possibilities for treatments of neurological disorders
- Very international authorship providing a global view of the state of research

This book addresses a fundamental question about the nature of behavior: how does the brain process reward and makes decisions when facing multiple options? The book presents the most recent and compelling lesion, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and computational studies, in combination with hormonal and genetic studies, which have led to a clearer understanding of neural mechanisms behind reward and decision making. The neural bases of reward and decision making processes are of great interest to scientists because of the fundamental role of reward in a number of behavioral processes (such as motivation, learning and cognition) and because of their theoretical and clinical implications for understanding dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system in several neurological and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, pathological gambling, ...).

* Comprehensive coverage of approaches to studying reward and decision making, including primate neurophysiology and brain imaging studies in healthy humans and in various disorders, genetic and hormonal influences on the reward system and computational models.

* Covers clinical implications of process dysfunction (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, eating disorders, drug addiction, pathological gambling)

* Uses multiple levels of analysis, from molecular mechanisms to neural systems dynamics and computational models.

" "This is a very interesting and authoritative handbook by some of the most outstanding investigators in the field of reward and decision making "," Professor Edmund T. Rolls, Oxford Center for Computational Neuroscience, UK

This volume investigates the implications of how our brain directs our movements on decision making. An extensive body of knowledge in chapters from international experts is presented as well as integrative group reports discussing new directions for future research.
The understanding of how people make decisions is of central interest to experts working in fields such as psychology, economics, movement science, cognitive neuroscience, neuroinformatics, robotics, and sport science. For the first time the current volume provides a multidisciplinary overview of how action and cognition are integrated in the planning of and decisions about action.
* Offers intense, focused, and genuine interdisciplinary perspective
* Conveys state-of-the-art and outlines future research directions on the hot topic of mind and motion (or embodied cognition)
* Includes contributions from psychologists, neuroscientists, movement scientists, economists, and others

Intercellular communication is part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their environment is the basis of growth and development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as normal tissue homeostasis. Errors in cellular information processing are responsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. There is substantial drug development concentrating on this and intercellular communication is the basis of much of neuropharmacology. By understanding cell signaling, diseases may be treated effectively and, theoretically, artificial tissues may be yielded. Neurotransmitters/receptors, synaptic structure and organization, gap junctions, neurotrophic factors and neuropeptides are all explored in this volume, as are the ways in which signaling controls neuroendocrinology, neuroimmunology and neuropharmacology. "Intercellular Communication in the Nervous System"provides a valuable desk reference for all scientists who consider signaling.

* Chapters offer impressive scope with topics addressing neurotransmitters/receptors, synaptic structure and organization, neuropeptides, gap junctions, neuropharmacology and more * Richly illustrated in full color with over 200 figures * Contributors represent the most outstanding scholarship in the field, with each chapter providing fully vetted and reliable expert knowledge"

Developmental Neuroscience is one of the six core disciplines in Neuroscience, and yet no single volume, non-textbookreference exists on the market that provides researchers with more in-depth, high-levelinformation on developmental neurobiology. Currently, anyone interested in the field at a higher level must sift through review articles published frequently and the more specific handbooks that focus on aspects of development rather than the field as a whole.

This reference is the first of its kind to fill this need. It pulls together the relevant articles on the topic from the 10-volume Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Academic Press, 2008) and serves as an affordable and immediate resource for scientists, postdocs, graduate students with an interest beyond the basic textbook materials on the subject.
The first and only comprehensive, single-volume reference for developmental neuroscience that goes beyond the basic textbook informationThe 93 chapters cover topics ranging from cell fate determination, path finding, synapse generation, neural stem cells, to neurodegeneration and regeneration, carefully selected from the "Encyclopedia of Neuroscience" by one of the great developmental neuroscientists, Greg LemkeThe best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results"

Stress is a universal phenomenon that impacts adversely on most people. This volume provides a readily accessible compendium that explains the phenomenon of stress, the neural, endocrine and molecular mechanisms involved, the clinical effects, and the impact on individuals and society. Clinical attention focuses on disorders of the stress control system (e.g. Cushing s Syndrome: Addison s Disease) and the adverse impact of stress on human physicaland mental health . Detailed reviews address disorders such as PTSD, anxiety, major depression, psychoses and related disorders such as combat fatigue and burnout. The work covers interactions between stress and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer s disease and Parkinson s disease, as well as stress-immune-inflammatory interactions in relation to cancer and autoimmune and viral diseases. Emphasis is alsoplaced on the role of stress in obesity, hypertension, diabetes type II and other features of the metabolic syndrome which has now reached epidemic proportions in the USA and other countries.
Chapters offer impressive scope with topics addressing animal studies, disaster, diurnal rhythms, drug effects and treatments, cognition and emotion, physical illness, psychopathology, immunology and inflammation, lab studies and tests, and psychological / biochemical / genetic aspects

Richly illustrated with over 200 figures, 75 in color

Priced affordably, this compendium of articles appeals to the end user interested in stress research who would not otherwise purchase the larger Encyclopedia of Stress

Articles carefully selected by one of the world s most preeminent stress researchers and contributors represent the most outstanding scholarship in the field, with each chapter providing fully vetted and reliable expert knowledge "

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, often cited as 5-HT) is one of the major excitatory neurotransmitter, and the serotonergic system is one of the best studied and understood transmitter systems. It is crucially involved in the organization of virtually all behaviours and in the regulation of emotion and mood. Alterations in the serotonergic system, induced by e.g. learning or pathological processes, underlie behavioural plasticity and changes in mood, which can finally results in abnormal behaviour and psychiatric conditions. Not surprisingly, the serotonergic system and its functional components appear to be targets for a multitude of pharmacological treatments - examples of very successful drugs targeting the serotoninergic system include Prozac and Zoloft.
The last decades of research have not only fundamentally expanded our view on serotonin but also revealed in much more detail an astonishing complexity of this system, which comprises a multitude of receptors and signalling pathways. A detailed view on its role in basal, but also complex, behaviours emerged, and, was presented in a number of single review articles. Although much is known now, the serotonergic system is still a fast growing field of research contributing to our present understanding of the brains function during normal and disturbed behaviour.
This handbook aims towards a detailed and comprehensive overview over the many facets of behavioural serotonin research. As such, it will provide the most up to date and thorough reading concerning the serotonergic systems control of behaviour and mood in animals and humans. The goal is to create a systematic overview and first hand reference that can be used by students and scholars alike in the fields of genetics, anatomy, pharmacology, physiology, behavioural neuroscience, pathology, and psychiatry. The chapters in this book will be written by leading scientists in this field. Most of them have already written excellent reviews in their field of expertise.
The book is divided in 4 sections. After an historical introduction, illustrating the growth of ideas about serotonin function in behaviour of the last forty years, section A will focus on the functional anatomy of the serotonergic system. Section B provides a review of the neurophysiology of the serotonergic system and its single components. In section C the involvement of serotonin in behavioural organization will be discussed in great detail, while section D deals with the role of serotonin in behavioural pathologies and psychiatric disorders.

* The first handbook broadly discussing the behavioral neurobiology of the serotonorgic transmitter system
* Co-edited by one of the pioneers and opinion leaders of the past decades, Barry Jacobs (Princeton), with an international list (10 countries) of highly regarded contributors providing over 50 chapters, and including the leaders in the field in number of articles and citations: K. P. Lesch, T. Sharp, A. Caspi, P. Blier, G.K. Aghajanian, E. C. Azmitia, and others
* The only integrated and complete resource on the market containing the best information integrating international research, providing a global perspective to an international community.
* Of great value not only for researchers and experts, but also for students and clinicians as a background reference.

This volume presents recent empirical advances using neuroscience techniques to investigate how culture influences neural processes underlying a wide range of human abilities, from perception and scene processing to memory and social cognition. It also highlights the theoretical and methodological issues with conducting cultural neuroscience research. Section I provides diverse theoretical perspectives on how culture and biology interact are represented. Sections II VI is to demonstrate how cultural values, beliefs, practices and experience affect neural systems underlying a wide range of human behavior from perception and cognition to emotion, social cognition and decision-making. The final section presents arguments for integrating the study of culture and the human brain by providing an explicit articulation of how the study of culture can inform the study of the brain and vice versa.

This is a well-established international series that examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience (as well as emerging and promising subfields): neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuroimaging, neurobiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, neuropsychiatry, neurobehavior. This volume provides a thorough treatment of gene models of schizophrenia, presenting articles from leading contributors in this important area.