This book looks at classic puzzles from the perspective of their structures and what they tell us about the brain. It uses the work on the neuroscience of mathematics from Dehaene, Butterworth, Lakoff, Nunez, and many others as a lens to understand the ways in which puzzles reflect imaginative processes blended with rational ones. The book is not about recreational or puzzle-based mathematics in and of itself but rather about what the classic puzzles tell us about the mathematical imagination and its impact on the discipline. It delves into the history of classic math puzzles, deconstructing their raison d'etre and describing their psychological features, so that their nature can be fleshed out in order to help understand the mathematical mind. This volume is the first monographic treatment of the psychological nature of puzzles in mathematics. With its user-friendly technical level of discussion, it is of interest to both general readers and those who engage in the disciplines of mathematics, psychology, neuroscience, and/or anthropology. It is also ideal as a textbook source for courses in recreational mathematics, or as reference material in introductory college math courses.

Captures a snapshot of current international arts therapies practice, from Australasia, South East Asia, United Kingdom and the US. Demonstrates the benefits of arts therapies for clients who have experienced trauma, as well as those with acquired neurological conditions, atypical neurological development, anxiety and depression. Links to neurological research, particularly with trauma, acquired neurological disorders, and non-typical neurological development. An essential resource for practicing arts therapists, as well as students and educators in postgraduate arts therapy courses.

Captures a snapshot of current international arts therapies practice, from Australasia, South East Asia, United Kingdom and the US. Demonstrates the benefits of arts therapies for clients who have experienced trauma, as well as those with acquired neurological conditions, atypical neurological development, anxiety and depression. Links to neurological research, particularly with trauma, acquired neurological disorders, and non-typical neurological development. An essential resource for practicing arts therapists, as well as students and educators in postgraduate arts therapy courses.

Covid-19 is primarily a respiratory disease which results in impaired oxygenation of blood. The O2-deficient blood then moves through the body, and for the study in this book, the focus is on the blood flowing to the brain. The dynamics of blood flow along the brain capillaries and tissue is modeled as systems of ordinary and partial differential equations (ODE/PDEs). The ODE/PDE methodology is presented through a series of examples, 1. A basic one PDE model for O2 concentration in the brain capillary blood. 2. A two PDE model for O2 concentration in the brain capillary blood and in the brain tissue, with O2 transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB). 3. The two model extended to three PDEs to include the brain functional neuron cell density. Cognitive impairment could result from reduced neuron cell density in time and space (in the brain) that follows from lowered O2 concentration (hypoxia). The computer-based implementation of the example models is presented through routines coded (programmed) in R, a quality, open-source scientific computing system that is readily available from the Internet. Formal mathematics is minimized, e.g., no theorems and proofs. Rather, the presentation is through detailed examples that the reader/researcher/analyst can execute on modest computers. The PDE analysis is based on the method of lines (MOL), an established general algorithm for PDEs, implemented with finite differences. The routines are available from a download link so that the example models can be executed without having to first study numerical methods and computer coding. The routines can then be applied to variations and extensions of the blood/brain hypoxia models, such as changes in the ODE/PDE parameters (constants) and form of the model equations.

Early Childhood and Neuroscience is a practical guide to understanding the complex and challenging subject of neuroscience and its use (and misapplication) in early childhood policy and practice. The 2nd edition has been updated throughout and includes a new Foreword by Dr Laura Jana (Penn State University, USA), a new Introduction and three new chapters on: - the effects of childhood trauma - self-regulation - neurodiversity The book provides a balanced overview of the debates by weaving discussion on the opportunities of using neuroscience in early childhood practice with examination of the limitations and ethical implications throughout the chapters. This enables students to inform their own opinions about the discipline and its use in their future practice. Clear explanations of the main terms and theories are complemented with illustrative case studies of cutting-edge research from around the world, a glossary of key terms and suggestions for further reading. Reflective discussion questions give readers the chance to apply their theoretical knowledge to real-world contexts.

This edited volume provides an overview the state-of-the-art in the field of cognitive neuroscience of memory consolidation. In a number of sections, the editors collect contributions of leading researchers . The topical focus lies on current issues of interest such as memory consolidation including working and long-term memory. In particular, the role of sleep in relation to memory consolidation will be addressed. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of cognitive neuroscience but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

* Bridges the disciplines of litigation and neuropsychology in a modern UK context. * Conveys the complexity and huge amount of research data into an accessible medicolegal based neuropsychology text with relevance for both lawyers and psychologists. * A scientifically oriented exploration based on real-life case examples

The International Symposium on Hearing is a highly-prestigious, triennial event where world-class scientists present and discuss the most recent advances in the field of hearing research in animals and humans. Presented papers range from basic to applied research, and are of interest neuroscientists, otolaryngologists, psychologists, and artificial intelligence researchers. Basic Aspects of Hearing: Physiology and Perception includes the best papers from the 2012 International Symposium on Hearing. Over 50 chapters focus on the relationship between auditory physiology, psychoacoustics, and computational modeling.

This volume provides properties, biological function, methods, and approaches for manipulating nAChRs in different organisms. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Technologies guides readers through molecular techniques and behavioral tests used to investigate nicotinic drugs, chronoamperometry, emerging technologies and methods for the analysis of nAChRs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), fluorescence techniques, spectral confocal, allosteric modulators of a7-nAChRs, and a comprehensive evolutional relation for most nAChR subunits, in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include the kind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the laboratory. Authoritative and practical, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Technologies aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Spinal injury affects about 10 million people annually worldwide, impacting on the family unit and causing lifelong disabilities, with varied symptoms including paresthesia, spasticity, loss of motor control, and often severe pain. Cellular, Molecular, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury will enhance readers' understanding of the biological and psychological effects of spinal cord injury. Featuring chapters on gene expression, metabolic effects, and behavior, this volume discusses in detail the impact of spinal cord injury to better understand the underlying pathways and processes. The book has applicability for neuroscientists, neurologists, clinicians, and anyone working to better understand these injuries.

The International Symposium on Biomagnetic Stimulation was held on July 15, 1991 at the International Hall of the Hakozaki campus of Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan. It was a satellite symposium to the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engi neering in Kyoto, which was held July 7-11, 1991. Successful magnetic stimulation of the human brain was first reported by Dr. Anthony Barker and his group at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom, in May, 1985. Of course, magnetic nerve stimulation had been studied and reported before then, but Dr. of successful stimulation of the brain made a strong impact on the scientific Barker's reports community. Since then, magnetic nerve stimulation has been widely and rapidly investigated by many groups throughout the world. This symposium focused mostly on magnetic brain stimulation. Magnetic resonance imaging has become an indispensable technique for clinical diagno sis and medical science. The most advanced MRI techniques, such as echo planar imaging, have the potential hazard of stimulating nerve tissues due to the rapid change of gradient mag netic fields. Potential risks of MRI, including problems with gradient magnetic fields, were discussed at the symposium. Magnetic stimulation of the heart was also discussed."

Written by over seventy scientists and clinicians worldwide from China, USA, Germany, Canada, Japan and other countries, this monograph, with nearly 450 figures and tables, covers a wide range of advanced progress in acupuncture research, from experimental research to clinical applications. In addition to exploring the histopathological basis for acupuncture and mathematical simulation of acupoint response to stimulation, initiation and transduction of acupuncture signals and cellular mechanisms during acupuncture effects as well as chemical and physical characteristics of moxibustion on acupoints are broadly discussed. The topics also include novel data on acupuncture effect with advanced imaging techniques, a unique understanding of meridian-viscera correlation, specific interactions between meridians and neurosensory organs within the system of homeostatic regulation and the acupuncture-induced influences on autonomic function. Several chapters introduce specific approaches with dry needling, silver needling and stainless needling for certain diseases, such as myofascitis, supportive care for breast cancer and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy as well as perioperative care of surgical patients. Moreover, this book discusses recent research on acupuncture therapy and potential mechanisms for a number of severe and refractory neurological disorders, including hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, orofacial pain, chronic pain, itch, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, depressive disorders, Alzheimer's disease and ischemic brain injury. The vast amount of information offered in this book provides a comprehensive perspective on advanced acupuncture research to not only acupuncturists, but also to neuroscientists, neurologists, and other clinicians. For medical students and graduate and undergraduate students majoring in biology, physiology and neuroscience, this book offers an advanced course in learning about the mechanism-driven advances in alternative and complementary medicine.

Gambling disorder is a behavioural addiction that represents the clinical extreme of a spectrum of gambling-related harm. What insights can neuroscientific and neuropsychological methods provide to help understand this condition and improve existing programs for treatment and prevention? This volume describes recent research using an array of contemporary tools including structural and functional brain imaging, and neurocognitive assessment. These analyses consider brain activity and psychological functioning in people with gambling disorder under resting conditions, due to tasks of reward processing and inhibitory control, and as a function of important sources of individual differences including depression and impulsivity. This volume also synthesizes contemporary research using animal models to examine decision-making under uncertainty from a behavioural neuroscience perspective, as well as synthesizing evidence from pharmacological treatments for gambling disorders. These findings complement research to understand substance use disorders and other emerging forms of behavioural addiction. This volume contains contributions from many of the leading research groups in this exciting field. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of International Gambling Studies.

Musical Sense-Making: Enaction, Experience, and Computation broadens the scope of musical sense-making from a disembodied cognitivist approach to an experiential approach. Revolving around the definition of music as a temporal and sounding art, it argues for an interactional and experiential approach that brings together the richness of sensory experience and principles of cognitive economy. Starting from the major distinction between in-time and outside-of-time processing of the sounds, this volume provides a conceptual and operational framework for dealing with sounds in a real-time listening situation, relying heavily on the theoretical groundings of ecology, cybernetics, and systems theory, and stressing the role of epistemic interactions with the sounds. These interactions are considered from different perspectives, bringing together insights from previous theoretical groundings and more recent empirical research. The author's findings are framed within the context of the broader field of enactive and embodied cognition, recent action and perception studies, and the emerging field of neurophenomenology and dynamical systems theory. This volume will particularly appeal to scholars and researchers interested in the intersection between music, philosophy, and/or psychology.

Forms of Emotion analyses how drama, theatre and contemporary performance present emotion and its human and nonhuman diversity. This book explores the emotions, emotional feelings, mood, and affect, which make up a spectrum of 'emotion', to illuminate theatrical knowledge and practice and reflect the distinctions and debates in philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and other disciplines. This study asserts that specific forms of emotion are intentionally unified in drama, theatre, and performance to convey meaning, counteract separation and subversively champion emotional freedom. The book progressively shows that the dramatic and theatrical representation of the nonhuman reveals how human dominance is offset by emotional connection with birds, animals, and the natural environment. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers interested in the emotions and affect in dramatic literature, theatre studies, performance studies, psychology, and philosophy as well as artists working with emotionally expressive performance.

This comprehensive and well-curated collection explores how neuroscience can be integrated into psychoanalytic thinking and practice, reexamining the biological science within psychological (sexuality, pleasure, and dreams), social (pornography), and psychopathological (learning and attention disorders, anhedonia) phenomena relevant to therapists and analysts. Neuropsychoanalysis of the Inner Mind stands out for its focus on the emotional-motivational aspects of the mind, which are considered through the lenses of affective neuroscience, psychoanalytic theory and neuropsychoanalysis, and is important reading for scholars and psychologists interested in the topics originally addressed by Freud in his 1895 publication Project for a Scientific Psychology.

This comprehensive and well-curated collection explores how neuroscience can be integrated into psychoanalytic thinking and practice, reexamining the biological science within psychological (sexuality, pleasure, and dreams), social (pornography), and psychopathological (learning and attention disorders, anhedonia) phenomena relevant to therapists and analysts. Neuropsychoanalysis of the Inner Mind stands out for its focus on the emotional-motivational aspects of the mind, which are considered through the lenses of affective neuroscience, psychoanalytic theory and neuropsychoanalysis, and is important reading for scholars and psychologists interested in the topics originally addressed by Freud in his 1895 publication Project for a Scientific Psychology.

This volume examines behavioral genetic research on temperament and personality from a number of perspectives. It takes a developmental perspective on a number of issues across the lifespan, focusing on personality and temperament. The first section focuses on the development of temperament and personality. Typically this has involved exploring genetic and environmental contributions to phenotypic stability and instability, but more recently there has been research that examines the etiology of intra-individual change/growth trajectories. The second section examines genetic and environmental contributions to the association between temperament and personality and other behaviors. The third and fourth sections discuss genotype-environment correlations and interactions, and introduces the reader to molecular genetics research on temperament and personality. Chapter 11 will discuss the significance of this type of research and Chapter 12 will provide an example of specific line of research exploring genes associated with temperament.

Hearing is a prerequisite for the evolution of language and thus the development of human societies. It is the only major sense whose evolution can be traced back to vertebrates, starting with sarcopterygians. The book explores the evolution of auditory development that has remained largely unexplored in contemporary theories of neurosensory brain evolution, including the telencephalon. It describes how sensory epithelia from the basilar papilla evolved in the ear and connected dedicated cochlear neurons to neuronal centers in the brain, and deals with how sound is converted through sound modulations into reliably decoded messages. The loss of hearing with age is expected to reach 2.6 billion people by 2050. As such, the book explains and reviews hearing loss at the molecular level to the behavioral level, and provides suggestions to manage the loss.

Neuroscience's inherent complexity and rapid growth mean that no one can keep abreast of all the changes across the field. We each bring a necessarily narrow perspective. Neurotherapeutics: Emerg ing Strategies is an attempt to provide some diverse perspectives within the hunt for new drugs to treat central nervous system diseases. The book's premise is that the search for new drugs is based on an understanding ofboth clinical and basic sciences. Neurotherapeu tics: Emerging Strategies begins with psychiatry and concludes with neurological disorders. Each chapter examines a disease, including clinical features and existing treatments, but the emphasis is on current concepts of underlying causes and novel strategies for drug discovery arising from these possible mechanisms. Participating authors include basic neuroscientists, industry-based pharmacolo gists and chemists, and clinicians. The chapters describe the status of the existing disease treat ments, and when treatments are lacking, the approach is more basic science oriented. When there is a long history of treatment, there is greater emphasis on those therapies. However, all the chapters seem to reflect the benefits of cloning, since the availability of receptor subtypes now promises the opportunity for greater specificity of drug effects. Modulation of second messengers is another new and recur ring theme. And in the chapter on cachexia, cytokines are explored both as drugs and drug targets. Neurotherapeutics: Emerging Strategies reflects the complex ity of the nervous system, but the overriding message is hope for new and better drugs to treat those diseases that rob us of ourselves."

What are the grounds for the distinction between the mental and the physical? What is it the relation between ascribing mental states to an organism and understanding its behavior? Are animals and complex systems vehicles of inner evolutionary environments? Is there a difference between personal and sub-personal level processes in the brain? Answers to these and other questions were developed in Daniel Dennett's first book, Content and Consciousness (1969), where he sketched a unified theoretical framework for views that are now considered foundational in cognitive science and philosophy of mind. Content and Consciousness Revisited is devoted to reconsider the ideas and ideals introduced in Dennett's seminal book, by covering its fundamental concepts, hypotheses and approaches and taking into account the findings and progress which have taken place during more than four decades. This book includes original and critical contributions about the relations between science and philosophy, the personal/sub-personal level distinction, intelligence, learning, intentionality, rationality, propositional attitudes, among other issues of scientific and philosophical interest. Each chapter embraces an updated approach to several disciplines, like cognitive science, cognitive psychology, philosophy of mind and cognitive psychiatry.

1. Very comprehensive and extensive coverage (stresses the relevance of the entire research cycle, from design to data collection to analysis to interpretation). 2. Highlights the multidisciplinary nature of CSS, drawing from research in computer science, statistics, and the social and behavioural sciences. 3. Takes a holistic approach to CSS methods. Instead of focusing on simply harvesting data, the editors emphasise the importance of a carefully crafted research design containing key milestone checks. 4. Covers important and emergent topics in the field like the relationship between CSS, AI and machine learning.

1. Very comprehensive and extensive coverage (stresses the relevance of the entire research cycle, from design to data collection to analysis to interpretation). 2. Highlights the multidisciplinary nature of CSS, drawing from research in computer science, statistics, and the social and behavioural sciences. 3. Takes a holistic approach to CSS methods. Instead of focusing on simply harvesting data, the editors emphasise the importance of a carefully crafted research design containing key milestone checks. 4. Covers important and emergent topics in the field like the relationship between CSS, AI and machine learning.

The Dynamic Self in Psychoanalysis builds a bridge between two different but intertwined disciplines-psychoanalysis and neuroscience-by examining the Self and its dynamics at the psychological and neuronal level. Rosa Spagnolo and Georg Northoff seek continuity in the relationship between psychoanalysis and neuroscience, emphasizing how both inform psychotherapy and psychoanalytic treatment and exploring the transformations of the Self that occur during this work. Each chapter presents clinical examples which demonstrate the evolution of the spatiotemporal and affective dimensions of the Self in a variety of psychopathologies. Spagnolo and Northoff analyze the possible use of new neuroscientific findings to improve clinical treatment in psychodynamic therapy and present a spatio-temporal approach that has significant implications for the practice of psychotherapy and for future research. The Dynamic Self in Psychoanalysis will be of great interest to psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, neuroscientists and neuropsychiatrists.