Research on cannabis and sleep is emerging with promising results. This book offers current and comprehensive knowledge on cannabinoid research results in connection with sleep. The volume covers aspects of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, the pharmacology of cannabinoids, neurobiology and pharmacology of sleep and wakefulness, and the benefits and side effects of cannabis on the central nervous system. It further discusses the putative therapeutical properties of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids and their potential for the treatment of sleep disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, and restless legs syndrome. The book is written by medical and scientific experts in this field and intended for researchers from a range of disciplines such as biomedicine, biology, neurosciences, clinical medicine, neurology, and pharmacology.

Bridging the world of reading instruction and applied cognitive neuroscience, this book presents research-backed reading instructional methods and explains how they can be understood through the lens of brain processes. Dispelling myths about neuroscience, Spence and Mitra explore how brain-based research informs literacy research in a way that is clear and accessible to pre-service teachers. Chapters address theories of reading, social emotional learning, phonological processes, embodiment, multilingualism, reading comprehension, and more. Featuring pedagogical strategies and consistent "Did you know?" and "Food for thought" sections, readers will come away with a greater understanding of the reading brain and how neuroscience can facilitate effective instruction. Delving into the extent to which neuroscience can underpin reading research, this text is ideal for pre-service teachers, educators, and students in the fields of language arts and literacy, as well as cognitive neuroscience.

This book contains the proceedings of the XVIII International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2018). A majority of those who spoke and presented posters at the meeting contributed to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium focused on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the "best" and "most important" meetings in the field. The volume presents representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. While advances in these areas of retinal degenerations were described, there will be many new topics that either are in their infancy or did not exist at the time of the last RD Symposium, RD2016. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that with successful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those were reported at the RD2016 meeting and included in the current volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations is reflected in the volume.

1) Classic anatomical atlases 2) Detailed labeling of the earliest phases of prenatal neurological development 3) Appeals to neuroanatomists, developmental biologists and clinical practitioners. 4) Persistent relevance - brain development is not going to change

The focus of this thesis are synchronization phenomena in networks and their intrinsic control through time delay, which is ubiquitous in real-world systems ranging from physics and acoustics to neuroscience and engineering. We encounter synchronization everywhere and it can be either a helpful or a detrimental mechanism. In the first part, after a survey of complex nonlinear systems and networks, we show that a seemingly simple system of two organ pipes gives birth to complex bifurcation and synchronization scenarios. Going from a 2-oscillator system to a ring of oscillators, we encounter the intriguing phenomenon of chimera states which are partial synchrony patterns with coexisting domains of synchronized and desynchronized dynamics. For more than a decade scientist have tried to solve the puzzle of this spontaneous symmetry-breaking emerging in networks of identical elements. We provide an analysis of initial conditions and extend our model by the addition of time delay and fractal connectivities. In the second part, we investigate partial synchronization patterns in a neuronal network and explain dynamical asymmetry arising from the hemispheric structure of the human brain. A particular focus is on the novel scenario of partial relay synchronization in multiplex networks. Such networks allow for synchronization of the coherent domains of chimera states via a remote layer, whereas the incoherent domains remain desynchronized. The theoretical framework is demonstrated with different generic models.

Neuroscience, with its astounding new technologies, is uncovering the workings of the brain and with this perhaps the mind. The 'neuro' prefix spills out into every area of life, from neuroaesthetics to neuroeconomics, neurogastronomy and neuroeducation. With its promise to cure physical and social ills, government sees neuroscience as a tool to increase the 'mental capital' of the children of the deprived and workless. It sets aside intensifying poverty and inequality, instead claiming that basing children's rearing and education on brain science will transform both the child's and the nation's health and wealth. Leading critic of such neuropretensions, neuroscientist Steven Rose and sociologist of science Hilary Rose take a sceptical look at these claims and the science underlying them, sifting out the sensible from the snake oil. Examining the ways in which science is shaped by and shapes the political economy of neoliberalism, they argue that neuroscience on its own is not able to bear the weight of these hopes.

This volume discusses the latest analytical approaches used to sample defined molecular populations of metabolites via functional group derivatization, specialized chromatographic methods, and ionization techniques. Chapters cover key methods for sample introductions to the ion source, including direct flow, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. Chapters also explore non-targeted and targeted analyses, as well as the emerging field of metallomics. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Metabolomics is a valuable resource for students, researchers, practicing physicians and veterinarians, and administrators involved in the funding of research.

TRP channels play a key role in sensory physiology and have been the focus of intensive investigation in recent years. The proposed book will be a comprehensive, detailed overview of the ways in which TRP channels are involved in a wide variety of sensory modalities. Authors will explore the involvement of TRP channels in photo transduction (sight), chemotransduction (taste and odor), mechanotransduction (touch and hearing), thermo transduction (the sensation of temperature) and pain perception. Furthermore, the book will include some grounding chapters such as one on the history of TRP channel research, one on the biophysical characteristics of the proteins and one on trafficking and post-translational regulation.

Despite numerous recent studies and exciting discoveries in the field, only limited treatments are available today for the victims of acute brain and spinal cord injuries. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries, Second Edition, provides a standardized methodology manual designed to eliminate the inconsistent preparations and variability that often inhibit advances in this specialized research field. In the 10 years since publication of the first edition of this book, some animal models have become obsolete, some have stood the test of time, and newer models have emerged to enhance our knowledge of acute neurological injuries. The second edition continues to offer the research community tested approaches for this area of investigation. As with the first edition, top experts have developed and contributed these animal models. The book's focus remains hands-on, practical applications of the models, rather than a theoretical approach. Each chapter contains a proven procedure enhanced by clear figures, illustrations, or videos. This new edition presents its readily reproducible protocols with clarity and consistency to best aid neuroscientists and neurobiologists. As with the first edition, the second edition is comprehensive and cutting-edge. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries, Second Edition, is an ideal guide for research professionals, at all stages of their careers, who wish to pursue this vital course of study with the proficiency and precision required by the field.

Great interest is now being shown in computational and mathematical neuroscience, fuelled in part by the rise in computing power, the ability to record large amounts of neurophysiological data, and advances in stochastic analysis. These techniques are leading to biophysically more realistic models. It has also become clear that both neuroscientists and mathematicians profit from collaborations in this exciting research area.
Graduates and researchers in computational neuroscience and stochastic systems, and neuroscientists seeking to learn more about recent advances in the modelling and analysis of noisy neural systems, will benefit from this comprehensive overview. The series of self-contained chapters, each written by experts in their field, covers key topics such as: Markov chain models for ion channel release; stochastically forced single neurons and populations of neurons; statistical methods for parameter estimation; and the numerical approximation of these stochastic models.
Each chapter gives an overview of a particular topic, including its history, important results in the area, and future challenges, and the text comes complete with a jargon-busting index of acronyms to allow readers to familiarize themselves with the language used.

This volume discusses the latest experimental and clinical approaches to study seizures and epilepsy. Chapters in this book cover detailed protocols for ex vivo and in vitro experimental models and widely-used in vivo (acute and chronic seizure) models in epilepsy research. Chapters also cover techniques to screen the effective leads for the treatment of refractory seizures of pharmacoresistant epilepsy and invertebrate, non-mammalian models. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and practical, Experimental and Translational Methods to Screen Drugs Effective Against Seizures and Epilepsy is a valuable resource for researchers, in both industry and academia, interested in learning about this important and developing field.

This volume is focused on subjects related to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries after acute stroke. All chapters are selected from the Sixth Elite Stroke meeting named Pangu Stroke Conference and written by members of world leading laboratories of stroke studies. The contents cover both clinical and bench studies, from basic components of cerebral arterial system to clinical reperfusion injury cases, from reperfusion caused programmed cell death and astrocyte activation to oxidative stress and nitric oxide after reperfusion, from extracellular matrix and inflammation to a role of diabetes after reperfusion, from small artery disorders to collateral circulation and blood pressure control after reperfusion. Wei-Jian Jiang, Chairman of New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute of PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing, China. Wengui Yu, Professor and Director of Comprehensive Stroke & Cerebrovascular Center, University of California, Irvine Yan Qu, Professor and Director of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China. Zhongsong Shi, Professor of Neurosurgery at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Ben-yan Luo, Professor and Chair of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. John H. Zhang, Professor of Anesthesiology and Physiology at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

* Provides very accessible coverage of a complex topic. * Includes a wealth of open-ended activities, practical strategies and case studies. * Blends together theory and practice to increase the knowledge, understanding, skills and confidence of early years practitioners. * Covers a range of hot topics, considering how poverty, adversity, and mental health, all affect the developing child.

In Measuring the Immeasurable Mind: Where Contemporary Neuroscience Meets the Aristotelian Tradition, Matthew Owen argues that despite its nonphysical character, it is possible to empirically detect and measure consciousness. Toward the end of the previous century, the neuroscience of consciousness set its roots and sprouted within a materialist milieu that reduced the mind to matter. Several decades later, dualism is being dusted off and reconsidered. Although some may see this revival as a threat to consciousness science aimed at measuring the conscious mind, Owen argues that measuring consciousness, along with the medical benefits of such measurements, is not ruled out by consciousness being nonphysical. Owen proposes the Mind-Body Powers model of neural correlates of consciousness, which is informed by Aristotelian causation and a substance dualist view of human nature inspired by Thomas Aquinas, who often followed Aristotle. In addition to explaining why there are neural correlates of consciousness, the model provides a philosophical foundation for empirically discerning and quantifying consciousness. En route to presenting and applying the Mind-Body Powers model to neurobiology, Owen rebuts longstanding objections to dualism related to the mind-body problem. With scholarly precision and readable clarity, Owen applies an oft forgotten yet richly developed historical vantage point to contemporary cognitive neuroscience.

The obesity epidemic has generated immense interest in recent years due to the wide-ranging and significant adverse health and economic consequences that surround the problem. Much attention has been focused on behaviors that lead to obesity, in particular to over consumption of energy-dense food and to sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity is an extremely complex condition with poorly defined pathogenesis. Thanks to greatly enhanced research in the area, the discovery of pathways in the brain and peripheral organs that mediate energy homeostasis has provided a framework for understanding the biological basis of obesity. Metabolic Basis of Obesity adds an important new dimension to the growing literature on obesity by offering a comprehensive review of specifically how metabolic imbalance culminates in obesity. Developed by a team of expert authors, this important title discusses the principles of energy balance, genetics of body weight regulation, hormones and adipokines, and metabolic pathways in the brain, liver, muscle and fat, to name just several of the areas covered. The book also examines the connection between obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other complications. Current and future diagnostic and treatment strategies are also reviewed. Comprehensive and timely, Metabolic Basis of Obesity is an essential reference for understanding the burgeoning problem of obesity.

Advances in the area of tactile perception and pain have lead to the development of this text on basic research and clinical practice. Equal parts psychology and neuroscience, it covers peripheral cutaneous tactile information processing, sensory mapping, tactile exploratory behaviour, neurophysiology of nociception and nociceptors in pain research, clinical scaling methods for psychophysics of pain, and pain control, pathology, and therapeutics. Detailed chapters discuss how the brain processes both pain and touch, the nerve pathways by which these sensations travel, how sensations of pain can be clinically measured, and means of controlling pathological pain.

This volume contains experimental approaches that are currently revolutionizing our understanding of the neurobiology of pain. The chapters cover many cutting-edge methods including the identification of gene expression profiles, transcriptomes or translatomes, from individual cells or defined groups of cells in rodents and primates; the electrophysiological investigation of human tissues, such as human dorsal root ganglion neurons; ways to assess modality response profiles of neurons using calcium imaging in vitro and in vivo; and somatosensory behaviors in rodents using high-speed videography and machine learning. In the Neuromethods series style, the chapters include detailed advice from specialists to obtain successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Pain: From Molecules to Neural Networks is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers interested in making impactful contributions to our understanding of pain.

The polyvagal theory explains the biological origins of a variety of social behaviors and emotional disorders. This book distills that theory into practical clinical tips, explaining its relevance to the social engagement system and offering clinical examples, including cases of trauma and autism.

This volume gathers contributions from theoretical, experimental and computational researchers who are working on various topics in theoretical/computational/mathematical neuroscience. The focus is on mathematical modeling, analytical and numerical topics, and statistical analysis in neuroscience with applications. The following subjects are considered: mathematical modelling in Neuroscience, analytical and numerical topics; statistical analysis in Neuroscience; Neural Networks; Theoretical Neuroscience. The book is addressed to researchers involved in mathematical models applied to neuroscience.

This volume presents a wide array of animal models that are used in the study of the individual and environmental factors involved in the development of addiction, the consequences of chronic drug exposure, and recently developed behavioral and biological procedures for the treatment of addictive disorders. The chapters in this book are organized into three sections that cover the aforementioned aspects in relation to different drugs of abuse and pathological gambling. The first section of the book focuses on the individual variables that affect vulnerability to addiction to nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, psychostimulants, and gambling. Section Two looks at the environmental variables that contribute to the vulnerability to addiction. Section Three explores the consequences of chronic drug consumption and new approaches to the treatment of addiction. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Methods for Preclinical Research in Addiction is a valuable resource that helps researchers and scientists understand the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the influence of individual and environmental variables on the risk for addiction, and assists them in developing new behavioral and pharmacological strategies to prevent and treat addictive disorders.

The Encyclopedia of the Neuroscience explores all areas of the discipline in its focused entries on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and peer reviewed by the advisory board before acceptance into the encyclopedia. Each article contains a glossary, introduction, a reference section, and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields. Arranged alphabetically by title, the articles encompass 10 volumes, making this the authoritative reference for the field.
* Provides comprehensive coverage of neuroscience in 10 volumes
* 32 separate areas of neuroscience and neurology covered for breadth and depth of content
* Language is accessible for undergraduates, depth appropriate for scientists
* Authored and edited by world class researchers in neuroscience, followed by peer review
* Extensive use of figures, tables, and color illustrations and photographs
* Glossaries, further reading suggestions, and cross-references provide additional tools to understand material
* Index provides opportunities to find entries under multiple relevant terms or find related material easily
* Available in print and online versions

* Provides a new integrated theory of the study of philosophy that highlights the importance of understanding biological, psychological and neuroscientific principles * Highlights interdisciplinary research and theory in evolution, consciousness and DNA research and neurolinguistics * Written by an expert in neuroscience and neurolinguistics

The auditory system is a complex neural system composed of many types of neurons connected into networks. One feature that sets the auditory system apart from other sensory systems, such as somatosensory or visual systems, is the many stages of neural processing that occur between the ear in the periphery and the cerebral cortex. Each stage is composed of specialized types of neurons connected in specific microcircuits that perform computations on the information about sound. To understand this processing, all the tools of neuroscience must be employed. The proposed text integrates cell biology, synaptic physiology, and electrophysiology to fully develop the topic, presenting an overview of the functional anatomy of the central auditory system. It is organized based on the neuronal connectivity of the central auditory system, which emphasizes the neurons, their synaptic organization, and their formation of functional pathways and microcircuits. The goal of the book is to stimulate research into the cell biology of the central auditory system and the characteristics of the specific neurons and connections that are necessary for normal hearing. Future research on the development of the central auditory including that employing stem cells will require such information in order to engineer appropriate therapeutic approaches.

This volume covers various aspects of co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) methods and its relevant use in studying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in health and diseases of the Central Nervous System. The chapters in this book discuss topics such as using co-IP to detect G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and ion channels heteroreceptor complexes in brain tissue; the histoblot technique; interaction strength between synaptic proteins using COS-7; and co-IP analysis of the protein-protein interactions in the neurons of Polymita. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and thorough, Co-Immunoprecipitation Methods for Brain Tissue is a valuable resource for any researcher interesting in learning more about this developing field.