This comprehensive book focuses on neurosurgical aspects of the pineal gland. By covering virtually all aspects of the pineal gland, it fills an important gap in the neurosurgical literature. Further, it approaches this vital component of the human brain from various angles: embryology, anatomy, physiology, pathology, radiology and surgical techniques.More than 70 single-best-answer multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are distributed throughout the chapters. Offering an essential review for residents and surgeons across neurosurgical disciplines and containing most of the critical information needed to prepare for both the primary and certification exam, the book will also be of interest to neurologists, neuroscientists and medical students.

This book describes and illustrates an approach to surgery for spinal cord tumors that is based on a refined concept of anatomic compartmentalization. The aim of this approach is to enable maximum preservation of spinal cord function through confinement of the surgical work to the involved compartment or compartments. Importantly, this involvement differs according to tumor type, and the classification favored by the author takes this fully into account. After introductory chapters on epidemiology and pathology, the anatomy of the spinal cord relevant to surgery for spinal cord tumors is discussed in detail and the proposed classification is clearly explained. The surgical approach to each of the identified anatomic compartments is then described, with attention to the roles of intraoperative mapping techniques, diffusion tensor imaging, and electrophysiologic studies in ensuring that spinal cord functions are spared. Examples of the author's experience when applying the proposed approach are presented. The book is meant for neurosurgeons at all levels of experience.

Neuroprotection and Regeneration of the Spinal Cord comprehensively covers the most recent research in the field of spinal cord injury. The first part of this book focuses on the latest animal models and clinically oriented work, providing extensive information on morphological factors and, biomechanical analysis, in addition to the mechanism of functional recovery. The book goes on to provide information on clinical relevance introducing analysis of spinal cord injuries using MRI and PET. Edited by renowned experts in the field, this book will provide clinical physicians, basic researchers, and postgraduate students with valuable insight into the cutting-edge research and progress in the field of spinal cord injury, treatment, and repair.

A comprehensive review of the current status of antidepressants - how we arrived at this point in their evolution and where we are going in both the near and the long term. It employs both a scientific and historical approach to accomplish these goals. This volume is intended for practitioners who use antidepressants on a daily basis in their practice as well as for the student and researcher. Each will find that it provides a comprehensive and logical approach to this important group of medications. This book is being published as we mark the end of the first 50 years of the modern antidepressant era.

A medical degree opens many doors, but how do you decide which is the right one to go through? Whether you are wondering how to choose a career or want to know how to follow a particular path, you'll find the answers in this book. Deciding which medical career to pursue has a huge impact on your future, and yet few doctors or medical students ever receive formal careers advice. Fortunately help is at hand: this book has been fully rewritten to include the latest information on training and career progression, as well as summaries of over 100 different careers open to medical graduates. Whether you aspire to be a general practitioner, medical manager, forensic pathologist or even a brain surgeon, you'll find details on the job, lifestyle, and specific career route. Each career chapter has been written by specialists in their field to give you a unique 'insider's opinion', resulting in the most complete and up to date medical careers guide ever published. Alongside the careers chapters there are new and updated sections on the Foundation Programme, Core Training, Specialty Training, and Academic Training. These describe the major hurdles in each area and how to overcome them. In addition, alternatives and adaptations to formal training are explored, including taking time out, working outside the UK, and working less than full time. From choosing jobs and filling application forms, to interviews and improving your CV, this book covers every aspect in detail.

When the brain suffers an injury, the effects can be delayed and unpredictable. Cerebrospinal fluid can slowly build up, causing dangerously high levels of intracranial pressure (ICP), and the brain tissue can be displaced into adjacent compartments, resulting in cerebral herniation syndrome (CHS). Within the burgeoning field of neurocritical care, experts are just beginning to understand the nuanced, sometimes counterintuitive relationship between ICP and CHS. Written by leading researchers who also have extensive first-hand clinical experience treating brain injury patients, Cerebral Herniation Syndromes and Intracranial Hypertension provides an up-to-date guide to this complex aspect of neurocritical care. Drawing from expertise gained working in high-volume medical centers, the book's contributors reveal that there is no universal metric for gauging acceptable levels of intracranial pressure. Instead, they demonstrate the best practices for offering patients individualized care, based on their specific conditions and manifest symptoms. Bringing together internationally-renowned neurocritical care experts from a variety of neurology, critical care, surgery, and neurosurgery disciplines, this volume takes a comprehensive look at a complicated issue. A concise, practical, and timely review, Cerebral Herniation Syndromes and Intracranial Hypertension offers vital information for all medical personnel concerned with improving neurocritical patient care.

Part of the Neurosurgery by Example series, this volume on pain neurosurgery presents exemplary cases in which renowned authors guide readers through the assessment and planning, decision making, surgical procedure, after care, and complication management of common and uncommon disorders. The cases explore the spectrum of clinical diversity and complexity within pain neurosurgery, including trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, percutaneous cordotomy for cancer-associated pain, chronic lumbar radiculopathy, and more. Each chapter also contains 'pivot points' that illuminate changes required to manage patients in alternate or atypical situations, and pearls for accurate diagnosis, successful treatment, and effective complication management. Containing a focused review of medical evidence and expected outcomes, Pain Neurosurgery is appropriate for neurosurgeons who wish to learn more about a subspecialty, and those preparing for the American Board of Neurological Surgery oral examination.

This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, Guest Edited by Drs. Manish K. Aghi and Lewis S. Blevins, will focus on Pituitary Adenoma. Topics include, but are not limited to, Molecular biology of nonfunctional and functional pituitary adenomas, Intraoperative Fluorescent Visualization of pituitary adenomas, Intraoperative MRI for pituitary adenomas, Pituitary Apoplexy, Management of giant pituitary adenomas, Management of Pituitary Adenomas Invading the Cavernous Sinus, Management of Recurrent Pituitary Adenomas, Medical Management of Cushing's Disease, Medical Management of Acromegaly, Surgery for Pediatric Pituitary Adenomas, Visual Outcomes after Pituitary Surgery, Endocrine Outcomes after Pituitary Surgery, Sodium perturbations after pituitary surgery, and Sinonasal Quality of Life After Pituitary Surgery.

This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Zoher Ghogawala, will focus on Lumbar Spondylolisthesis. This is one of four issues selected for the year by the series Consulting Editors, Drs. Russell R. Lonser and Daniel K. Resnick. Topics include, but are not limited to, Isthmic Lumbar Spondylolisthesis, High-grade Lumbar Spondylolisthesis, Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis, Minimally Invasive approaches for surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis, Lateral approaches for the surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis, Re-thinking surgical treatment for lumbar spondylolisthesis, Surgical versus Non-Surgical Treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis, Surgical Treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis in the elderly, Summary of Guidelines for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis, Cost-Effectiveness and Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis, Future studies and directions for the optimization of outcome for lumbar spondylolisthesis, and Artificial Intelligence and the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

This book represents the first interdisciplinary text on the emerging field of rehabilitative surgery, in which state of the art procedures from multiple surgical specialties are combined. It proposes a completely new framework for understanding, coordinating, and providing treatment for paralyzed or severely neurologically impaired patients and explains the potentially critical impact of surgery in creating a new baseline of functional status, thereby improving the patient's daily life. Every major aspect of reconstructive surgical treatment is considered, including anesthesia, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, neurosurgery, general surgery, vascular surgery, and otolaryngology. The most up-to-date and evidence-based surgeries are clearly described and evaluated, with coverage of treatment of pressure sores, placement of feeding tubes, and upper extremity interventions to improve function and hygiene. Cutting-edge protocols are presented for the surgical treatment of severe nerve injuries, spinal cord injuries, and stroke or cerebrovascular accidents, and a first description and evaluation of phrenic nerve repair to assist weaning of paralyzed patients from ventilators is provided. Both surgical and nonsurgical readers will find this book to be an ideal guide and reference.

1 Die Chirurgie des Felsenbeins und der lateralen Schadelbasis.- 1 Unsere Langzeiterfahrungen bei der Behandlung von jugulotympanalen Paragangliomen.- 2 Der Wert der Somatostatinszintigraphie in der Diagnostik der Paragangliome.- 3 Das Felsenbeinkarzinom - eine interdisziplinare Herausforderung.- 4 Unser Konzept beim Karzinom des ausseren Gehoerganges.- 5 Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen der Karotiskanalchirurgie.- 6 Intrakraniell bedrohliche Erkrankungen durch unscheinbare Entzundungen des Mittelohrs.- 7 Der transtemporale Zugang zum Klivus und zur petroklivalen Region Chirurgische Anatomie und klinische Erfahrung.- 8 Topographische Anatomie der Felsenbeinspitze und des Dorello-Kanals.- 9 Differentialdiagnosen von Raumforderungen des inneren Gehoergangs.- 10 Zum Stellenwert der Sakkotomierevision in der Behandlung des Morbus Meniere.- 11 Der subtemporale Zugangsweg - eine gehoererhaltende Alternative beim Felsenbeincholesteatom.- 12 Wie stellt sich die laterale Schadelbasis im Dunnschnittplastinat dar?.- 13 Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose mit Beteiligung des Felsenbeins.- 14 Massive Osteolyse Gorham-Stout des Felsenbeins und des kraniozervikalen UEbergangs.- 15 Falldarstellung: Lymphangiom des Felsenbeins.- 16 Missbildungen der lateralen Schadelbasis.- 2 Die Therapie des Vestibularisschwannoms.- 17 Funktionserhaltende Chirurgie des Akustikusneurinoms - Ergebnisse interdisziplinarer Kooperation.- 18 Hoervermoegen vor, wahrend und nach transtemporaler Akustikusneurinomexstirpation.- 19 Wurzburger Schule der Akustikusneurinomchirurgie Interdisziplinare Chirurgie des Akustikusneurinoms - Wurzburger Konzept aus der Sicht des Otochirurgen.- 20 Zur Wait-and-See-Strategie beim einseitigen Akustikusneurinom.- 21 Die radiochirurgische Therapie des Akustikusneurinoms Technik im internationalen Vergleich.- 22 Rundtischgesprach zur Therapie des Vestibularisschwannoms.- 3 "Multi-information-guided therapy", CAS und neue Technologien in der Schadelbasischirurgie.- 23 3D-Navigation an der frontalen und lateralen Schadelbasis.- 24 Intraoperative Bildgebung und Neuronavigation - Gegenwart und Weiterentwicklung.- 25 Die Kombination der konventionellen CAS mit der intraoperativen Navigation der Laterobasis: enhanced CAS.- 26 Telemedizin in der Chirurgie der lateralen Schadelbasis - Vergleich ISDN, Internet, ATM.- 27 Computerassistierte Chirurgie der lateralen Schadelbasis Aktuelle Moeglichkeiten und zukunftige Entwicklungen.- 28 Variationen des navigationsgestutzten Zugangs zur lateralen Schadelbasis.- 29 Moegliche Fehler bei der Anwendung von CAS-Systemen an der Schadelbasis.- 30 Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten der Telemedizin in der Schadelbasischirurgie.- 31 MRT-Visualisierung der Schadelbasisregion von unfixierten und kurzzeitfixierten Materialien.- 4 Experimentelle und histopathologische Untersuchungen zur Chirurgie der lateralen Schadelbasis.- 32 Tierexperimentelle Untersuchung zur medikamentoesen Therapie der traumatischen Optikusneuropathie.- 33 Molekulargenetische und zellbiologische Untersuchungen am NF2-Gen.- 34 Analyse des adenoidzystischen Karzinomes mittels Laser-Scanning-Zytometrie.- 35 Das maligne fibroese Histiozytom der Kieferhoehle.- 36 Das intratemporale Fazialisneurinom: Diagnostik und Therapie.- 37 Neurobiokompatibilitat von Titan, Gold und Silikon in vitro.- 38 Angiosarkomentstehung in Schwannomen des Nervus vagus.- 39 Minimal-invasiv applizierbare Zell- und Gewebetrager fur die Schadelbasischirurgie.- 40 Dehiszenzen des Paries jugularies und Haufigkeit zusatzlicher Knochenkanale der Fossa jugularis.- 5 Aktuelle Aspekte der Chirurgie der vorderen Schadelbasis.- 41 Neue Aspekte zur Therapie des Lagophthalmus.- 42 Invasive Mukozelen der Stirnhoehle - therapeutisches Vorgehen.- 43 Das Osteosarkom der Schadelbasis.- 44 Dorsale und ventrale kraniozervikale Stabilisierung bei progredienter basilarer Impression nach Densresektion bei PCP.- 45 Optikusdekompression bei bewusstlosen Patienten.- 46 Dislokation des

Cell Therapy for Brain Injury is a thorough examination of using state-of-the-art cell therapy in the treatment of strokes and other traumatic brain injuries. This invaluable book covers this niche topic in depth from basic stem cell biology and principles of cell therapy through proposed mechanisms of action of cell therapy in stroke, pre-clinical data in stroke models, ongoing clinical trials, imaging and tracking of cells with MRI, neural stem cells in stroke and the "big pharma" perspective of cell therapy. Each chapter is written by well-known leaders in each field, thus providing a wealth of expertise. The breadth of this book makes it essential reading for neuroscientists, stem cell biologists, researchers or clinical trialists at pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. It also serves as a thorough introduction for graduate students or post-doctoral fellows who hope to work in these fields.

This comprehensive and practical book fills the current knowledge gap about the incidence and characteristics of seizures in all kinds of cerebrovascular disorders. Chapters are divided according to the nature of cerebrovascular diseases and highlight incidence, early versus late onset seizure types, pathophysiology, electro-clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis. Authored by leaders in the field of epilepsy and stroke, Seizures in Cerebrovascular Disorders is an excellent resource for the daily management of patients suffering from this disease overlap.

Primum non nocere... The fact that a surgical procedure can leave any kind of pain casts a shadow over this tenet, which is seen as the basis of medical practice and anchor of its principle ethic... It is all the more surprising in that medicine has only paid attention to this paradoxical chronic pain situation for the past few years. Clarifying the knowledge acquired in this field has become all the more urgent for any care-giver today confronted by a legitimate request from patients: Why and how can a surgical procedure, which is supposed to bring relief, leave behind an unacceptable sequela? This is the approach which the contributors to this new subject of major clinical interest invite you to follow as you work your way through this book.

Foundations for Clinical Neurology presents basic principles of neurology in a user-friendly way for practicing neurologists as well residents, fellows, and students. Written in a clear and concise format, this book will perfectly complement the "traditional" neurology textbook. This volume on neurology is divided in to three primary sections. The first section "Practicing Neurology" covers bedside investigation, diagnosis, imaging techniques, and therapeutics; Section 2, "Topics in Neurologic Disease" reviews subjects in neurologic disease that are often overlooked but are very important; and the third section, "Perspectives" provides insight in to how we talk, think, and develop concepts in neurology. With understanding of the evolution of neurologic concepts, the terminology and classifications used by neurologists, and the methodologies used to prove cause of disorder and disease, the practicing neurologist can provide the most effective care. Topics discussed in Foundations for Clinical Neurology include... -Verbal and nonverbal communication, especially during the history-taking portion of a neurologic examination; -How to be effective and avoid common pitfalls in the neurologic exam; -Difficulties in applying diagnostic criteria and formulating diagnoses; and -Advantages of using CT or MRI scanning in various clinical situations.

This volume of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery covers some important new developments in functional neurosurgery and endovascular therapy. In the Technical Standards section a variety of topics are considered, including optic pathway gliomas, pineal lesions, cavernous sinus meningiomas and the eternal problem of minor and repetitive head injury. Endovascular treatment of a variety of lesions is now common practice and the state of the art in endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke is reviewed. An appraisal of the evidence on whether there is a place for microsurgical vascular decompression for essential hypertension raises interesting questions. The volume is completed by contributions on neurosurgical treatment of cluster headaches and occipital nerve stimulation.

Brain Injury is the second volume in the book series, Molecular and Cellular Biology of Critical Care Medicine. In this volume, a group of internationally regarded experts in important areas of neuroscience and neurointensive care research address the molecular and cellular basis of acute brain injury. This text covers acute brain injury within a context relevant to the care of patients with critical neurologic injuries such as cardiac arrest, trauma and stroke. It includes recent data pertaining to established pathways such as neurotransmission, exitotoxicity, ionic-mechanisms, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cerebral vascular injury. In addition, rapidly developing areas such as cell signaling, adenosine pharmacology, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurocytoskeletal changes, and the role of trophic factors are reviewed from the level of in vitro modeling to human data. Other topics covered that are highly clinically relevant include the effect of genetic background and gender differences in outcome after brain injury, preconditioning, and the effects of currently used anesthetics and sedative agents in patients with brain injury.

This book describes the specific surgical techniques currently employed in patients with intractable epilepsy; it also covers the relevant technical aspects of general neurosurgery. All of the approaches associated with the various foci of epilepsy within the cerebral hemispheres are considered, including temporal and frontal lobectomies and corticectomies, parietal and occipital lobe resections, corpus callosotomy, hemispherectomy, and multiple subpial incisions. In addition, an individual chapter is devoted to electrocortical stimulation and functional localization of the so-called eloquent cortex. The more general topics on which guidance is provided include bipolar coagulation (with coverage of the physical principles, strength of the coagulating current, use of coagulation forceps, the advantages of correct irrigation, and use of cottonoid patties) and all of the measures required during the performance of operations under local anesthesia. The book is designed to meet the need for a practically oriented source of precise information on the operative procedures employed in epilepsy patients and will be of special value for neurosurgical residents and fellows.

This book is dedicated to Dr. Philip A. Schwartzkroin. The book has a novel format because it is not intended to be a set of reviews. Instead, it is an effort to explore important topics in the epilepsy research field. Because articles are written by leaders in the field who have years of experience and individuals with diverse expertise, articles are likely to have a long-lasting impact and be relevant for both epileptologists and neuroscientists. Authors address topics that are important, unresolved questions in the field of epilepsy research, drawing on available data from both the bench and the clinic to support their points. A given topic is addressed by one or more authors, each writing from his/her own unique perspective. For all of the individuals who have been trained or worked with Philip Schwartzkroin in the past and/or have appreciated his contributions to the epilepsy field, this volume is an excellent way to celebrate his achievements and look to the ways they have moved the field forward and continue to stimulate its growth.

In "Revision Sinus Surgery" the world’s most prominent rhinologists illustrate their experience in diagnosing and managing recurrent sinus disease and skull base lesions. Starting with preoperative planning and medical management, these challenging cases are well-illustrated with the relevant surgical techniques. This invaluable resource is designed to prevent complications and improve the outcomes of revision sinus surgeries. Both practicing and in-training otolaryngologists can use this comprehensive volume as an all-in-one source for the evaluation and management of recurrent sinus disease and skull base pathology.

This book is designed to provide the practicing interventionist with a comprehensive list of procedural reports that covers the vast majority of the currently performed interventional procedures outside the cardiac system. It offers up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications, contraindications and potential complications in an organized and practical format that follows the various body systems and progresses from the simple image guided FNA to the most complex procedures and incorporates the current societal guidelines. The book is divided for ease of reference into three main parts: Non vascular, Vascular and Neurovascular interventions. This information is not currently available in any single publication. The text provides residents, fellows as well as staff members with a quick, detailed and user-friendly resource for documentation of image-guided interventional procedures that will facilitate their tasks, improve the standard of documentation and reduce errors. The text can serve as a valuable tool for a quick review prior to a procedure or in preparation for an oral board certifying examination. The entries are vetted by recognized experts in the field of image-guided intervention. Procedural Dictations in Image-Guided Intervention: Non-Vascular, Vascular & Neuro Interventions covers the vast majority of the currently practiced image-guided interventions in the various body systems. This information is supported by up-to-date references and international guidelines. This book is a must-have for residents and fellows undergoing training and all specialists in image-guided intervention.

Highly illustrated text to aid understanding of best practice in carotid treatment Reflects international best practice Useful in clinical practice and to improve patient care

Behavioral neuroscience encompasses the disciplines of neurobiology and psychology to study mechanisms of behavior. This volume provides a contemporary overview of the current state of how ethics informs behavioral neuroscience research. There is dual emphasis on ethical challenges in experimental animal approaches and in clinical and nonclinical research involving human participants.

Volume 13: Pineal, Pituitary, and Spinal Tumors is organized in six sections, for convenience and quick access to critical information. Section I, Types of Tumors includes a chapter on molecular characterization of Embryonal tumors, a chapter on diagnosis of metastatic oligodendroglioma using fine-needle aspiration cytology, one covering intra-arterial chemotherapy of oligodendroglial tumors and another on the role of cyclooxygenase-2 in the development and growth of Schwannomas, and others, closing with a chapter on trigeminal neuralgia with cerebellopontine angle tumors. Section II, Diagnosis, includes two chapters on cell counting in histopathologic slides of tumors. Section III offers three chapters which discuss aspects of intraoperative ultrasonography. Section IV covers brain tumor surgery, and Section V surveys Brain Metastasis. The final section offers a wide-ranging review of General Diseases, with chapters on, among others, Alexander Disease; Lipoma; Transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in cases of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage; and a chapter discussing the use of mobile phones and brain cancer risk in children. Like its twelve predecessors in the series, this volume merits distinction for its thorough approach, its roster of 78 distinguished contributors representing 14 different countries and its detailed examination of leading-edge technology and methods.