Neuroendoscopy is a minimally-invasive surgical procedure whereby a neurosurgeon removes a tumour or cyst through small holes in the skull or through the mouth or nose. Neuroendoscopy enables neurosurgeons to access areas of the brain that cannot be reached by traditional surgery. This book is a guide to endoscopic neurological surgery procedures for neurosurgeons. Divided into sixteen sections, the text begins with an overview of the history of neuroendoscopy, endoscopic ventricular anatomy, endoscopes and instrumentation, and approaches to the ventricular system. The following chapters cover surgical techniques for different conditions. Each topic is divided into two parts with a current literature review and a "how to" section detailing the technique as a step by step process. The book concludes with discussion on risks and complications. Authored by a recognised, Texas-based expert in the field, the comprehensive text is further enhanced by clinical and surgical photographs and illustrations. Key points Comprehensive guide to endoscopic neurological surgery techniques Topics provide "how to" guidance on the procedure and current literature reviews Authored by internationally recognised expert in the field Highly illustrated with clinical and surgical photographs

The permanent effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not limited to the person who suffers the injury. People who care for the individual, particularly family members, suffer in various ways. Family members are often confused as to the behavioral and neuropsychological changes that they see in a brain-injured rela tive. They can become frustrated and angry when the individual does not return to premorbid levels of functioning. They can become tired and worn down from repeated problems in trying to manage the individual's difficulties while having only fragmented information regarding them. Drs. Smith and Godfrey have provided a useful service for family members by summarizing important neuropsychological changes associated with TBI and providing practical guidelines for coping with these problems. While the neuropsychological problems they describe are not completely understood, the authors provide a useful description of many of the neuro behavioral problems seen following TBI in young adults. They attempt to provide guidelines for family members that have practical utility in understanding and managing these patients. Theirs is a cognitive-behavioral approach that can have utility for this group of individuals. I applaud their efforts to provide something systematic and practical for family members."

In the rapidly-evolving landscape of neurosciences, it is no easy task to select a limited array of topics to present in a text such as this. The current volume takes as its purpose to provide a representative survey of the current science of brain repair for those seeking to establish a foundation in the field or to replenish a prior knowledge base that may have lapsed in its currency. It also hopes to offer insights into what remains elusive to our collective investigations, defining the frontiers of brain repair for those that are currently immersed in the exciting intersection of biological advances and neuroscientific discoveries.

In Chapter 1 the fundamentals of imaging transplanted cells is discussed with emphasis on animal models as well as the horizon for clinical trials. Then, detailed methods on the culture of neural stem cells is reviewed as a foundation for approaching therapeutic goals. Chapter 3 presents the broad scope of animal models that serve as the foundation for developmental and pre-clinical investigation, with mention of recent genetically engineered mouse models that represent the best models for studying disease development and treatment. Chapter 4 provides background on the delivery techniques to animals and patients that are available, providing vital information on the subtleties of technique necessary for optimal cellular grafting. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss new and evolving information on the origins of brain tumors and the indelible role of stromal and microenvironmental influences on oncogenesis and tumor progression. Subsequently, the utility of neural stem cells as cellular vehicles to deliver chemotherapeutics to broad neuropathology is reviewed. In Chapter 8 the scope of treating brain tumors is expanded beyond stem cells, to present the best biological interventions to improve upon current treatment options for brain malignancy. The last two chapters present a comprehensive review on stem cell and gene therapy options for treating cerebrovascular and neurovascular pathology.

In amassing this collection, my intention has been to provide the reader with a broad introduction into molecular imaging, stem cell biology, cell therapy, animal models, central nervous system malignancies, stroke, and neurodegeneration. My hope is that Frontiers of Brain Repair will be the intellectual soil from which a deeply rooted and well-nourished vintage of neuroscience will arise."

This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, guest edited by Dr. John Hurlbert, is devoted to Current State of the Art in Spinal Cord Injury. This is one of four issues selected each year by the series Consulting Editors, Russell R. Lonser and Daniel K. Resnick. Articles in this issue are dedicated to basics of spinal cord injury and emerging therapy and include topics such as: Pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, Natural history of spinal cord injury, Diagnostic imaging in spinal cord injury, Spinal cord injury clinical assessment tools, Spinal cord injury management on the front line, Central Cord Syndrome redefined, Compartment Syndrome, Hypothermia, Pharmaceutical, Regeneration, and Neural interfacing and modulation.

Spinal surgery is a unique area in the process of continuous development. New skills are applied daily in this delicate field by the spinal surgeon: this professional can be either an orthopaedic surgeon or a neurosurgeon dedicated to the treatment of spinal diseases. This book offers a comprehensive approach and reviews all of the possible errors encountered by spinal surgeons in the clinical practice. It is mainly directed towards young surgeons approaching spinal surgery and also to experienced surgeons with regards to complications related to the latest technologies in the spinal field. This approach of treating and understanding problems in cervical spine surgery is unique and will guide the reader towards an improved level of attention regarding pitfalls in cervical spine surgery, therefore fostering the ability of preventing major complications and medicolegal consequences.

The term "minimally invasive spinal surgery" was coined in early 1990 following pub- cation of the first edition of this text entitled Arthroscopic Microdiscectomy: Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery, and subsequent establishment of the International Society for Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery (ISMISS) under the auspices of the International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SICOT) in April l990. The orthopedic and neurological surgeons who participated in lectures and hands-on wo- shops both in Philadelphia and abroad have witnessed the evolution of minimally invasive spinal surgery from blind nucleotomy to endoscopic fragmentectomy, decompression of l- eral recess stenosis, foraminoplasty, and spinal stabilization. In Arthroscopic and Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: Text and Atlas, Second Edition, experts describe and illustrate various techniques and approaches that are currently used in this field. In addition, the ongoing research for the betterment of spine care via minimally invasive approaches is briefly reviewed. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to so many of my colleagues who s- ported my efforts in the field of minimally invasive spinal surgery throughout the years. Many of them participated in our teaching symposiums and have provided valuable cont- butions to this text.

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3 4111 This book provides coverage of a broad range of topics in the ?eld of neurosurgery, 5 for residents and registrars in training and for recent graduates of training programs. 6 As neurosurgical training incorporates expertise from centers worldwide, there is a 7 need to have input from specialists in neurosurgery from various countries. This text 8 is a compilation by expert authors in the USA and the UK to provide information on 9 the basic knowledge and clinical management required for optimal care of neuro- 2011 surgical patients. 1 The text is an up-to-date synopsis of the ?eld of neurosurgery from American and 2 British perspectives, which covers the most common clinical conditions encountered 3 by neurosurgeons. The chapters are organized under broad topics, including inves- 4 tigative studies, perioperative care, the role of newer techniques and the management 5 of tumors, vascular and traumatic lesions. Additional topics are then covered, includ- 6 ing pediatrics, spine and peripheral nerve lesions, as well as functional neurosurgery 7 and infections. We anticipate that trainees will ?nd this information useful for certi?- 8 cation examinations and recent graduates of neurosurgical training programs can 9 utilize this text as an update of the most important neurosurgical topics.

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. This series was first discussed in 1972 at a combined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathers of the series being Jean Brihaye, Bernard Pertuiset, Fritz Loew and Hugo Krayenbiihl. Thus were established the principles of European co operation which have been born from the European spirit, flourished in the European Association, and have throughout been associated with this series. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contributions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publi cation of any volume. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume.

A panel of highly experienced neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, neuropsychologists, and neuroanatomists join forces to create an integrated, cutting-edge survey all of the methodologies necessary for successful surgical treatment. On the surgical side they review a variety of techniques for Parkinson's disease, including thalamotomy, pallidotomy and bilateral pallidotomy, subthalamotomy, pallidal and thalamic deep brain stimulation, and subthalmic deep brain stimulation. Surgical therapy for tremor and dystonia is also covered. On the patient side, the authors systematically examine the key issues involved in any surgical procedure: Patient selection, patient assessment before and after surgery, brain target localization, and postoperative programming of brain stimulators.

"Research" and "Publishing" are phrases familiar to all neurosurgeons and neuroscientists. Many young neurosurgeons struggle with them on a trial-and-error basis at first, and there are not structured education programs providing information on standard methods. The European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Research Committee has developed a course on research and publication methods for residents in neurosurgery who have not yet completed training. This supplement includes selected contributions from this course and will serve as an essential handbook providing basic tools to guide research and publication work, presenting time-saving advice, and resulting in the most beneficial contributions in experimental and clinical research.

During the last decades, research on spinal cord has attracted a great deal of attention because of problems such as sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions associated with traumatic and other injuries. Recording of spinal cord evoked potentials is one of the most promising approaches to understand the spinal cord function. However, the details of the evoked potentials and their significance in various pathological conditions are not yet fully characterized. This book summarizes new findings in the field of electrophysiology and relates this knowledge to pathology and regeneration research. It is the first one which deals in great detail with various ways to monitor spinal cord function in experimental and clinical situations. It provides an up-to-date knowledge regarding spinal cord bioelectrical activity and its modification with pharmacological agents and covers new aspects of regeneration studies, particularly the role of myelin associated inhibitory molecules. A section is devoted to clinical studies dealing with electrical activity, pathology, and current therapeutic measures. This volume will be useful both to basic and clinical neuroscientists engaged in the field of neurology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neurosurgery, neuropathology, and related disciplines in order to understand basic functions of the spinal cord and to stimulate further research in this rapidly advancing field.

Preoperative Events switches the focus from post-operative rehabilitation to preoperative experiences and personal histories to lessen the consequences of brain damage. These papers document the relationship between preoperative experience and postoperative performance and discuss a variety of protective preoperative experiences that can ameliorate the deleterious effects of brain damage.

A state-of-the-art review of the many cognitive, affective, and behavioral dysfunctions associated with movement disorders. These dysfunctions include depression, dementia, psychosis, sleep disorders arising from Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, Tourette's syndrome, as well as multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and many other related disorders. The authors describe these behavioral syndromes and their neurophysiological and neuropathological substratum, as well as their diagnostic criteria and therapeutic guidelines. The cognitive and affective dysfunctions are spelled out in detail.

Targeted at clinicians and residents, this series has already become a classic, with one volume published each year. The Advances section presents fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent progress has been made. The Technical Standards section features detailed descriptions of standard procedures to assist young neurosurgeons in their post-graduate training. The contributions have been written by experienced clinicians and are reviewed by all members of the editorial board.

Over the last 18 years, there have been many advances in the field of intraoperative monitoring. This new edition of Neurophysiology in Neurosurgery: A Modern Approach provides updates on the original techniques, as well as other more recent methodologies that may either prove beneficial or are commonly used in neuromonitoring. The purpose of this book is to describe the integration of neuromonitoring with surgical procedures. Each methodology is discussed in detail as well as chapters describing how those methodologies are applied to multiple surgical procedures and the evidence used to support those uses. The second edition features a surgical procedure section, which focuses on specific surgical procedures and the type of monitoring used during these procedures. The original chapters have been updated, expanded, and the structure modified to ensure the book is beneficial to both physiologists and surgeons. This book is written for neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, neurologists, anesthesiologists, interventional neuroradiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and plastic surgeons.

Intracranial injury, caused by a transorbital penetrating object, is a neglected topic in neurosurgery. With few exceptions, only occasional publications, often containing merely case histories, are present in the literature. Through a perusal of the world literature -- for the first time -- the author has collected and combined all available and relevant information, trying to give a thorough description of this rare, but extremely dangerous injury. This book is a major and definitive contribution to neurosurgery, but is also of importance to ophthalmology, neurology, traumatology, neuro-radiology and pediatrics.

Endovascular Neurosurgery represents a unique collaboration between contributors from a number of specialties, all of whom are concerned with the management of cerebrovascular disease. This provides a balanced account of the efficacy of interventional endovascular techniques in this group of conditions. As a result, Endovascular Neurosurgery will prove an invaluable account of a relatively new specialty and will be essential reading for neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, neurophysiologists and neuroanaesthetists.

Evidence-based medicine is a concept that has come to the fore in the past few years. Clinicians are increasingly encouraged to practise patient management based on available evidence in the scientific literature. For example, new pharmacological therapies are only used when large randomized trials have 'proven' that a particular drug is better than existing ones. This is also the case in surgical specialties, although surgery has traditionally seen a lack of use of this information, with individual surgeon's preferences being most influential in treatment choices. However, more recently, there has been a large expansion of trials and studies aimed at providing surgeons with information to guide their choices using firm evidence. This new edition has been revised and expanded to include new data where relevant, and also features a new chapter on pituitary surgery. Landmark Papers in Neurosurgery, Second Edition, remains a key collection of the most important trials and studies in neurosurgery, allowing the reader to rapidly extract key results, and making it essential reading for all neurosurgeons and trainees in the field.

Critical care medicine comprises the observation, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with overt or potential failure of vital functions. Unlike other, bulkier reference texts, Handbook of Acute Critical Care Neurology focuses on one topic for quick and easy use on the job. Written by a highly respected expert in the field, this book will be extremely helpful for the practioner.

This new edition presents an authoritative account of the current state of brain biomechanics research for engineers, scientists and medical professionals. Since the first edition in 2011, this topic has unquestionably entered into the mainstream of biomechanical research. The book brings together leading scientists in the diverse fields of anatomy, neuroimaging, image-guided neurosurgery, brain injury, solid and fluid mechanics, mathematical modelling and computer simulation to paint an inclusive picture of the rapidly evolving field. Covering topics from brain anatomy and imaging to sophisticated methods of modeling brain injury and neurosurgery (including the most recent applications of biomechanics to treat epilepsy), to the cutting edge methods in analyzing cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow, this book is the comprehensive reference in the field. Experienced researchers as well as students will find this book useful.

Lumbar spine or back pain is one of the most important problems in orthopedics and neurosurgery today. Two key ways of treating this malady, lumbar fusion and stabilization, are critically discussed in the forty-three papers in this volume. They represent the best of the contributions to the 5th ICLFS, carefully selected and edited to give a good overview of recent knowledge and the state of the art.

This issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Michael A. Vogelbaum, is devoted to Glioblastoma, Part I: Surgical Management and Adjuncts. This is one of four issues selected each year by the series Consulting Editors, Russell R. Lonser and Daniel K. Resnick. Articles in this issue include: Perioperative Management of Patients with Glioblastoma, Role of Resection in Glioblastoma Management, Advancing Imaging to Enhance Surgery, Intraoperative Imaging for High-Grade Glioma Surgery, Use of Intraoperative Fluorophores, Extent of Resection of Glioblastoma, Functional Mapping for Glioma Surgery: Preoperative Mapping Tools, Functional Mapping for Glioma Surgery: Intraoperative Mapping Tools, Surgical Adjuncts for Glioblastoma, Window of Opportunity Clinical Trials to Evaluate Novel Therapies for Brain Tumors, Stereotactic Laser Ablation of Glioblastoma, Radiosurgery for Glioblastoma, Challenges Associated with Reoperation in Patients with Glioma, and Surgery for Glioblastoma in Elderly Patients.

Unique in the field, Comparative Management of Spine Pathology presents commonly encountered spinal cases with side-by-side, case-by-case comparisons that clearly show how various experts would handle the same case. This second volume in the Neurosurgery: Case Management Comparison Series offers multiple opinions from international experts in both neurosurgery and orthopaedics, each of whom explains their preferred approach and management style for the same case. This format allows for quick and helpful comparisons of different ways to approach a lesion, advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and what each expert is looking for in how they would manage a particular case. Offers 4 expert opinions on each case in a templated format designed to help you quickly make side-by-side comparisons-an ideal learning tool for both trainee and practicing neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons for board review and case preparation. Helps you easily grasp different approaches to spine management with different expert approaches to the same case and summaries from the editors on the advantages and disadvantages to each approach. Features a wide variety of management decisions, from preoperative studies to surgical approach, surgical adjuncts, and postoperative care, from experts in the field who specialize in different aspects of spine surgery. Presents 70 cases in the areas of degenerative spine, traumatic spine, spinal deformity, spinal oncology, and miscellaneous topics such as epidural abscess, osteomyelitis, and post-instrumentation infection. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text and figures from the book on a variety of devices.