An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library. Colonialism created exclusive economic and segregatory social spaces for the exploitation and management of natural and human resources, in the form of plantations, ports, mining towns, hill stations, civil lines and new urban centres for Europeans. Contagion and Enclaves studies the social history of medicine within two intersecting enclaves in colonial India; the hill station of Darjeeling which incorporated the sanitarian and racial norms of the British Raj; and in the adjacent tea plantations of North Bengal, which produced tea for the global market. This book studies the demographic and environmental transformation of the region: the racialization of urban spaces and its contestations, establishment of hill sanatoria, expansion of tea cultivation, labour emigration and the paternalistic modes of healthcare in the plantation. It examines how the threat of epidemics and riots informed the conflictual relationship between the plantations with the adjacent agricultural villages and district towns. It reveals how Tropical Medicine was practised in its 'field'; researches in malaria, hookworm, dysentery, cholera and leprosy were informed by investigations here, and the exigencies of the colonial state, private entrepreneurship, and municipal governance subverted their implementation. Contagion and Enclaves establishes the vital link between medicine, the political economy and the social history of colonialism. It demonstrates that while enclaves were essential and distinctive sites of articulation of colonial power and economy, they were not isolated sites. The book shows that the critical aspect of the enclaves was in their interconnectedness; with other enclaves, with the global economy and international medical research.

Drugs in Use: Case Studies for Pharmacists and Prescribers helps you to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge about medicines and the practical application to your patients. With an ever increasing shift of focus from theory to practice this book promotes evidence-based medicine and illustrates how you can optimise drug therapy in response to the needs of your individual patients. It will prove a valuable resource to pharmacists and prescribers. The cases have been updated to reflect recent changes in medicines use and this new edition boasts: New evidence concerning optimal care; Additional coverage of situations with difficulties in treatment optimisation; Significant focus on major advances in therapeutics; Self study questions and answers within each case. With self study questions and answers to accompany each case, you will find this a useful resource throughout your career. As a student, it will assist your studies and as a practicing pharmacist or prescriber in hospital or community it will aid your continuing professional development.

Traditional and Novel Adsorbents for Antibiotics Removal from Wastewater describes, in detail, the importance of removing antibiotics from aqueous systems, along with new information on their variation, solubility, toxicology and allowable concentration in groundwater. The book covers adsorption as an applicable method, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages. It investigates various adsorbents ranging from traditional activated carbons, modified forms of clays, metal oxides, polymer resins, and more advanced materials such as graphene-based, MOF, nano-matrices, and composite materials as potential sorbents for the adsorption of antibiotics from aqueous solutions. In addition, the book covers biological microorganisms that have been used to remove antibiotics from wastewater and presents biopolymers, biowaste and living cells potentially and practically suitable for this purpose. For all adsorbents, the book explains preparation methods, main properties, modification techniques to increase antibiotic removal efficiency, mechanisms in antibiotic removal, advantages and limitations. It also presents adsorption-desorption in batch and continuous mode, optimized operating parameters, kinetic and equilibrium adsorption, and regeneration studies.