This book introduces new solutions for mining tools, unique lubricated holders and mining methods for hard-rock mining using mini-disk tools. In the first part, it describes problems connected with hard-rock mining using traditional mining methods like cutting. Then an alternative for conical pick is discussed, the so-called crown or bell pick and a new solution of a holder for conical picks allowing for tool rotation. These solutions should make it possible to increase the durability of cutting tools. The final part of the book explains a new mining head solution with mini-disk tools and a complex motion trajectory. With this, mining heads can be replaced in currently used roadheaders instead of standard mining heads. This book can be used by employees of the mining industry, manufacturers of mining tools, machines and equipment, as well as employees and students of mining and mechanical faculties of technical universities.

Contents:
Waterjetting fundamentals: Introduction. Terminology. What is a waterjet? Where did waterjets come from? How are waterjets used? Why are waterjets used? What is this book planning on doing?
Design of high pressure delivery circuits: Introduction. Example of energy efficiency; Energy input to the motor; Input power to the pump; Output power from the pump to the water; Output power supplied to the jet at the nozzle; Delivered power at the surface. Pump choices; Triplex and positive displacement pumps; Intensifier designs; Water cannons and ultra-high pressure systems. Power calculations. Pump selection criteria. Transmitting the energy. Nozzle considerations; Nozzle size; Nozzle performance; Nozzle design; Nozzle evaluation techniques; High pressure cutting nozzles; Waterjet cleaning nozzles; Droplet impact; The choice between round and fan-jet nozzles. Supply line and fittings; Component pressure losses; Procedure for evaluating friction loss; Flow straighteners. Delivering the energy. Using the energy. Notes and references.
The use of waterjets in cleaning applications: Introduction. Earlier and competing methods of cleaning; Airborne abrasive cleaning; air abrasive nozzle design and manufacture; Cleaning effectiveness; Angle of impact; Airborne abrasive machining; Abrasive use; Steam powered systems. Low pressure waterjet cleaning. Cleaning tubes, pipes and sewers; Cleaning small tubes; Moleing; Cleaning larger diameter tubes; Sewer cleaning. Parameter control for effective cleaning. Cleaning tanks and large surfaces; Hand-held equipment; Underwater cleaning. Advent of high preesure; Round and fan nozzles revisited; Cleaning radio-active pipes; Runway cleaning. Abrasive jet cleaning systems. Cleaning additives. Underwater applications. Lessons for use. Notes and references.
High pressure industrial waterjet cutting: Introduction. Background. Equipment for industrial applications; Activation valve and catcher; Inlet water treatment. Nozzle and part positioning-robotic use; Robots and their control; Accuracy and precision; Case studies of X-Y cutting. Multi-dimensional cutting; Considerations in the use of industrial waterjet cutting; Explosive material processing; Cut edge quality. Techniques for cutting harder materials; Non-traditional machining; Laser machining; Plasma torch; Electric discharge machining; Electrochemical machining; Ultrasonic machining; Abrasive flow machining; Comparisons of performance. Abrasive water cutting; Nozzle design; Abrasive jet case studies; Operational considerations; Glass cutting. Intermediate pressure abrasive jet cutting. Direct injection of abrasive; DIAjet case study; Underwater applications. Future technology; Waterjet machining; Waterjet assisted machine tool cutting. Notes and references.
Waterjets in civil engineering applications: Introduction. Earth moving applications; Soil removal in California during the gold rush; The extraction of clay and monitor design; Soviet experience in soil removal; Tunnelling in soft material; Reduced flow rate studies. The mechanism of soil removal; Frozen soil and the change in cutting mechanism; Cutting and removal of ice. Applications of waterjets in soil excavation; Excavation of the Bar-Lev line; Soil excavation and barrier walls; Grout walls and artificial pile construction; horizontal hole drilling; Joint and gap cleaning; Soil and turf penetration; Waterjet assisted earth plow. Concrete cutting and hydrodemolition; The initial study; Establishing the parameters; High pressure single pulse units; Continuous high pressure low flow systems; Continuous medium pressure flow systems; Case histories; Injection of abrasive for concrete cutting; Cutting concrete with cavitation; Notes and references.
The use of waterjets in mining: Introduction. Coal mining development; Soviet Developments; Trials in the United Kingdom; Developments in the United States; Higher pressure coal mining research; 450 MPa system for room and pillar coal mining; 330 MPa system for room and pillar coal mining; 70 MPa system for longwall coal mining; 70 MPa system for room and pillar coal mining. Japanese operations; Chinese hydraulic mining; Canadian hydraulic mining experience; German hydraulic mining experience; Polish experiments. Borehole mining. Notes and references.
Waterjet use in rock cutting: Rock disaggregation. Development of water cannons. Very high pressure continuous jets. Mechanisms of material removal; Jet impact on a rock; The effect of equipment parameters; The effect of rock properties. Applications of waterjets in cutting rock. Notes and references.
Waterjet drilling systems: Early drilling development. Waterjet drilling of rock bolt holes. Canadian waterjet drill bit design. Waterjet assisted percussive drilling. Waterjet drilling in coal and adjacent rock. Waterjets in oilwell drilling. Round the corner drilling. Borehole modification. Abrasive waterjet drilling. References.
Jet assisted mechanical cutting: Introduction and definitions. Mechanically assisted waterjet cutting. Waterjet assisted mechanical cutting equipment. Jet assisted cutting of coal. References.
Enhancing waterjet performance: Introduction. Enhancing the delivered jet power; The use of a sheath around a jet; Water chemistry changes; The introduction of long chain polymers. The accumulation of waterjet pressure; Pulsating waterjets; Self-resonating pulsating jets; Focussing multiple jets to generate higher pressures. The generation of cavitation with waterjets; The mechanisms of cavitation attack; ASTM cavitation test; Cavitation sheathing; The stationary specimen test; Cavitation in a flow channel; The Lichtarowicz cell; The travelling specimen test; Applications of cavitating jets; Shock loading. Spark generated jets. The introduction of abrasives into waterjets; The mechanisms of material removal; Ductile material removal; Brittle material removal; Considerations in mixing chamber design; Abrasive jet parameter effects; Choice of abrasives; DIAjet abrasive waterjet cutting; Modelling of abrasive jet cutting. Thermal pre-weakening with waterjets. Comment and references.
Theoretical considerations: Introduction. Jet energy considerations. Early theoretical approaches. Powell and Simpson's theory. Foreman and Secor's theory. Crow's theory. Rehbinder's theory. Energy input & crack growth considerations. References.
Safety, health and medical applications: Introduction. Damaging jet pressures; Possible damage mechanisms; Needle-less injection systems. Other safety considerations. The role of training. Medical applications. Comments and references.

Flow induced vibration and noise (FIVN) remains a critical research topic. Even after over 50 years of intensive research, accurate and cost-effective FIVN simulation and measurement techniques remain elusive. This book gathers the latest research from some of the most prominent experts in the field. It describes methods for characterizing wall pressure fluctuations, including subsonic and supersonic turbulent boundary layer flows over smooth and rough surfaces using computational methods like Large Eddy Simulation; for inferring wall pressure fluctuations using inverse techniques based on panel vibrations or holographic pressure sensor arrays; for calculating the resulting structural vibrations and radiated sound using traditional finite element methods, as well as advanced methods like Energy Finite Elements; for using scaling approaches to universally collapse flow-excited vibration and noise spectra; and for computing time histories of structural response, including alternating stresses. This book presents the proceedings of the First International Workshop on Flow Induced Noise and Vibration (FLINOVIA), which was held in Rome, Italy, in November 2013. The authors' backgrounds represent a mix of academia, government, and industry, and several papers include applications to important problems for underwater vehicles, aerospace structures and commercial transportation. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all those working in the area of flow-induced vibration and noise.

In the past decade, the field of trenchless technology has expanded rapidly in products, equipment, and utilization. This expansion would not have occurred without a strong increase ineconomic incentives to the user. Because theoperating environment has changed, trenchless technology is often the preferred alternative to traditional methods of digging holes and installing conduits. The infrastructure in which we live has become more congested and has to beshared by several users. In addition, the cost of restoring a road or landscaped area after construction may be higher than the cost of installing the conduit. These factors add to the need for trenchless technology-the ability to dig holes without disturbing the surface. In some ways, trenchless technology is a futuristic concept. Ruth Krauss in a children'sbookofdefinitions wrote,"AHole...Is to Dig." But thisstatement is not necessarily true. Today, a hole could be to bore. Trenchless technology is not new. But it certainly has become the buzzword of the construction industry and it appears that it will have a growing impact in the way contractors, utilities, and others install new facilities. Methods to bore horizontal holes were practiced as early as the 18005, but this technology has greatly changed. Today's tools include sophisticated drilling methods, state-of the-art power systems, and electronic guidance techniques. These tools can bore faster, safer, and more accurately, and in many instances more economically, than open-cllt methods. Technology has played an important role in these advances, but economics has become the driving force in making these systems popular."

The Global Maritime distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is becoming the all-embracing term for communication and data transfer between ship and shore, and ship and ship. It's a highly automated system of terrestrial satellite communications technology whose primary role is to maintain safety of life at sea. Within the next five years all vessels over 300 tonnes will be required to carry GMDSS equipment. The seafaring nations of the world have together established the rules and regulations for good working practices within the system, and every serving and future navigating officer will be required to hold the GMDSS General Operator's Certificate. GMDSS for Navigators brings together in one publication the knowledge required by anyone who wants to become a qualified and competent operator of GMDSS communications equipment. It should prove to be the accepted universal reference for GMDSS training.

SELLING POINTS
* All vessels will soon need to carry true equipment
* All navigating officers will need an operator's certificate

Geochemical methods of prospecting for and evaluation of minerals are applied widely today at all stages of geological exploration. However, geochemical methods of prospecting for many classes of non-metallic minerals have not been elaborated.
This book is a completely revised, updated and expanded edition of the publication by the same authors, which was published in 1987. The contains a collection the latest data on geochemical prospecting for non-metals, which is valuable in view of the anticipated increase of consumption and utilization of non-metallic minerals in the future.
The information on various types of raw material is presented in the following sequence: 1) general data (genetic types, conditions of formation, geological prospecting indications); 2) indicator minerals and elements; 3) geochemical methods of prospecting along dispersion trains and haloes, plus hydrogeochemical and geobotanical methods; 4) primary endogenic haloes; 5) vertical geochemical zonality; 6) methods, stages and sequence of work.

The problems it addresses include emotion representation, annotation of music excerpts, feature extraction, and machine learning. The book chiefly focuses on content-based analysis of music files, a system that automatically analyzes the structures of a music file and annotates the file with the perceived emotions. Further, it explores emotion detection in MIDI and audio files. In the experiments presented here, the categorical and dimensional approaches were used, and the knowledge and expertise of music experts with a university music education were used for music file annotation. The automatic emotion detection systems constructed and described in the book make it possible to index and subsequently search through music databases according to emotion. In turn, the emotion maps of musical compositions provide valuable new insights into the distribution of emotions in music and can be used to compare that distribution in different compositions, or to conduct emotional comparisons of different interpretations of the same composition.

This book examines the rise of great power competition in space, including the relevant and practical space strategies for China, Russia, the United States, and other countries. The work discusses the concepts and writings of past strategists, such as Thucydides, Sun Tzu, and Clausewitz, in relation to warfare initiated in or extending into space. This analysis underscores why polities initiate war based upon an assessment of fear, honor, and interest, and explains why this will also be true of war in space. Based upon the timeless strategic writings of the past, the book uncovers the strategy of space warfare, along with the concepts of deterrence, dissuasion, and the inherent right of self-defense, and outlines strategies for great, medium, and emerging space powers. Additionally, it highlights changes needed to space strategy based upon the Law of Armed Conflict, norms of behavior, and Rules of Engagement. The work also examines advancements and emerging trends in the commercial space sector, as well as what these changes mean for the implementation of a practical space strategy. Given the rise of great power competition in space, this work presents a space strategy based upon historical experience. This book will be of much interest to students of space policy, strategic studies, and International Relations.

The main purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to the subject of solar activity and the connection with Earth's climate. It commences with a brief review of the historical progress on the understanding of the solar-terrestrial connection and moves on to an objective scrutiny of the various hypothesis. The text focuses on how knowledge about the solar cycle and Earth's climate is obtained. It includes discussion of observations, methods and the physics involved, with the necessary statistics and analysis also provided, including an examination of empirical relations between sunspots and the Earth's climate. The author reviews plausible physical mechanisms involved in any links between the solar cycle and the Earth's climate, emphasizing the use of established scientific methods for testing hypothesized relationships.

For introductory course in space flight dynamics. A self-contained, integrated introduction to the performance aspects of flight - how to get into space, how to get around in space, and how to return to Earth or land on another planet (as opposed to specialized areas of life support, guidance and control, or communications).

Evaluating the effectiveness of conventional wet processes for cleaning silicon wafers in semiconductor production, this reference reveals concrete measures to improve ultrapure water quality reviewing the structure and physical characteristics of ultrapure water molecules. The volume is divided int

This text presents the most recent research on fracture and damage of concrete and rock. It provides an improved understanding of the basic physical and mechanical principles of fracture mechanics in these materials with a strong view towards applications in construction engineering and mining engineering. It forms the proceedings of the international conference held in Vienna in November 1992. The background to the book comes from three main areas: fatigue and ageing of complex concrete structures have been responsible both for loss of life and for expenditure running into billions of dollars in recent decades; lack of virgin building land and high property values in cities and urban areas have led to more demolition and recycling of concrete structures, and related environmental problems; and more engineering structures are being built on and in rock mass of low quality and difficult terrain. Rock fracture mechanics has matured to a fully recognized discipline and is now being applied to problems of excavation, tunnelling, blasting and anchoring. FDCR Conferences provide a forum for international, interdisciplinary co-operation and exchange of ideas and experience between scienti

Comets consist of the most primitive material in the solar system and to understand the earliest epoch of solar system formation, we must investigate the nature of this material. Much of what we know of comets presently comes from remote sensing using Earth-based telescopes. The Rosetta mission is poised to make a dramatic advance in our understanding of comets.

First published in 1981 as the "Offshore Information Guide", this revised information resource details the technology of the oil, gas and marine industries. For this edition, the guide has been completely revised and substantially enlarged. With the assistance of staff from the Centre of Cold Ocean Resources Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, the world-wide coverage has been much extended. Additional subject areas include new sections under the following headings: exploration, field development, petroleum reservoirs, economics and government.

This open access book provides a view into the state-of-the-art research on aviation noise and related annoyance. The book will primarily focus on the achievements of the ANIMA project (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches), but not exclusively. The content has a broader theme in order to encompass. regulation issues, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) balanced approach, progresses made on technologies and reduction of noise at source, impact of possible future civil supersonic aircraft, land-use planning issues, as well as the core topics of the ANIMA project, i.e. impact on human beings, annoyance, quality of life, health and findings of the project in this respect. This book differs from traditional research programmes on aviation noise as the authors endeavour, not to lower noise at source, but to reduce the annoyance. This book examines these non-acoustic factors in an effort to help those most affected by aviation noise - communities living close to airports, and also help airport managers, policy-makers, local authorities and researchers to deal with this issue holistically. The book concludes with some recommendations for EU, national and local policy-makers, airport and aviation authorities, and more broadly a scientifically literate audience. These recommendations may help to identify gaps for progress in terms of research but also genuine implementation actions for political and regulatory authorities.

Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061: A Long-Term Perspective for Planetary Exploration synthesizes all the material elaborated and discussed during three workshops devoted to the Horizon 2061 foresight exercise. Sections cover the science of planetary systems, space missions to solar system objects, technologies for exploration, and infrastructures and services to support the missions and to maximize their science return. The editors follow the path of the implementation of a planetary mission, from the needed support in terms of navigation and communication, through the handling of samples returned to Earth, to the development of more permanent infrastructures for scientific human outposts on the Moon and Mars. This book also includes a special chapter entirely devoted to contributions from students and early-career scientists: the "Horizon 2061 generation" and a final chapter on important avenues for the actual implementation of the planetary missions coming out of our "Dreams for Horizon 2061": International cooperation, and the growing role and initiatives of private enterprise in planetary exploration.

Presents a comprehensive review of physical processes in astrophysical plasmas.
This title presents a review of the detailed aspects of the physical processes that underlie the observed properties, structures and dynamics of cosmic plasmas. An assessment of the status of understanding of microscale processes in all astrophysical collisionless plasmas is provided. The topics discussed includeturbulence in astrophysical and solar system plasmas as a phenomenological description of their dynamic properties on all scales;observational, theoretical and modelling aspects of collisionless magnetic reconnection; the formation and dynamics of shock waves; and a review and assessment of microprocesses, such as the hierarchy of plasma instabilities, non-local and non-diffusive transport processes and ionisation and radiation processes.In addition, some of the lessons that have been learned from the extensive existing knowledge of laboratory plasmas as applied to astrophysical problems are also covered.This volume is aimed at graduate students and researchers active in the areas of cosmic plasmas and space science.Originally published in Space Science Reviews journal, Vol. 278/2-4, 2013."

In this book, Dr. Soofastaei and his colleagues reveal how all mining managers can effectively deploy advanced analytics in their day-to-day operations- one business decision at a time. Most mining companies have a massive amount of data at their disposal. However, they cannot use the stored data in any meaningful way. The powerful new business tool-advanced analytics enables many mining companies to aggressively leverage their data in key business decisions and processes with impressive results. From statistical analysis to machine learning and artificial intelligence, the authors show how many analytical tools can improve decisions about everything in the mine value chain, from exploration to marketing. Combining the science of advanced analytics with the mining industrial business solutions, introduce the "Advanced Analytics in Mining Engineering Book" as a practical road map and tools for unleashing the potential buried in your company's data. The book is aimed at providing mining executives, managers, and research and development teams with an understanding of the business value and applicability of different analytic approaches and helping data analytics leads by giving them a business framework in which to assess the value, cost, and risk of potential analytical solutions. In addition, the book will provide the next generation of miners - undergraduate and graduate IT and mining engineering students - with an understanding of data analytics applied to the mining industry. By providing a book with chapters structured in line with the mining value chain, we will provide a clear, enterprise-level view of where and how advanced data analytics can best be applied. This book highlights the potential to interconnect activities in the mining enterprise better. Furthermore, the book explores the opportunities for optimization and increased productivity offered by better interoperability along the mining value chain - in line with the emerging vision of creating a digital mine with much-enhanced capabilities for modeling, simulation, and the use of digital twins - in line with leading "digital" industries.

Provides therapists with an understanding of the principles, applications and implications of paradoxical therapy, the rationale for the use of paradox in family therapy and the therapist's role in paradoxical interventions.

This book presents the outcomes from the 2nd International Conference on Marine and Advanced Technologies 2021 (Icmat2021) which was organized by the Research and Innovation section, University Kuala Lumpur - Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology. The theme "Propelling to the Innovative Idea" highlights prominence of recent developments in marine and advanced technologies in the field of marine application, maritime operation, energy and reliability, advanced materials and applied science. This online conference provided a platform for presentations and discussions at the local and international level between educationists, researchers, students, and industrialists. Furthermore, it created opportunities to establish networks and meet experts in addition to exchange of up-to-date knowledge in the field. This book is the up-to-date reference, especially to those who want to learn and explore more about the latest developments and technologies of maritime industries.

Produced sand causes a lot of problems. From that reasons sand production must be monitored and kept within acceptable limits. Sand control problems in wells result from improper completion techniques or changes in reservoir properties. The idea is to provide support to the formation to prevent movement under stresses resulting from fluid flow from reservoir to well bore. That means that sand control often result with reduced well production. Control of sand production is achieved by: reducing drag forces (the cheapest and most effective method), mechanical sand bridging (screens, gravel packs) and increasing of formation strength (chemical consolidation). For open hole completions or with un-cemented slotted liners/screens sand failure will occur and must be predicted. Main problem is plugging. To combat well failures due to plugging and sand breakthrough Water-Packing or Shunt-Packing are used.