Life in Space explores the many aspects and outcomes of NASA's research in life sciences, a little-understood endeavor that has often been overlooked in histories of the space agency. Maura Mackowski details NASA's work in this field from spectacular promises made during the Reagan era to the major new directions set by George W. Bush's Vision for Space Exploration in the early twenty-first century. At the first flight of NASA's space shuttle in 1981, hopes ran high for the shuttle program to achieve its potential of regularly transporting humans, cargo, and scientific experiments between Earth and the International Space Station. Mackowski describes different programs, projects, and policies initiated across NASA centers and headquarters in the following decades to advance research into human safety and habitation, plant and animal biology, and commercial biomaterials. Mackowski illuminates these ventures in fascinating detail by drawing on rare archival sources, oral histories, interviews, and site visits. While highlighting significant achievements and innovations such as space radiation research and the Neurolab Spacelab Mission, Mackowski reveals frustrations-lost opportunities, stagnation, and dead ends-stemming from frequent changes in presidential administrations and policies. For today's dreams of lunar outposts or long-term spaceflight to become reality, Mackowski argues, a robust program in space life sciences is essential, and the history in this book offers lessons to help prevent leaving more expectations unfulfilled.

This volume contains the contributions to the 10th International Workshop on Railway Noise, held October 18-22, 2010, in Nagahama, Japan, organized by the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), Japan. With 11 sessions and 3 poster sessions, the workshop featured presentations by international leaders in the field of railway noise and vibration. All subjects relating to 1. prospects, legal regulation, and perception; 2. wheel and rail noise; 3. structure-borne noise and squeal noise; 4. ground-borne vibration; 5. aerodynamic noise and micro-pressure waves from tunnel portals; 6. interior noise and sound barriers; and 7. prediction, measurements, and monitoring are addressed here. This book is a useful "state-of-the-art" reference for scientists and engineers involved in solving environmental problems of railways.

List of Participants xi Lecture Program xv CHAPTER I - FUNDAMENTALS 1 Field Equations E. R. Arantes e Oliveira 3 2 Basic Formulation of Static and Dynamic Behaviour of Soil and Other Porous Media O. C. ZienkieuJicz 39 3 Generalized Plasticity and Some Models for Geomechanics O. C. Zienkiewicz 57 4 Constitutive Equations for Soil Media Jean H. Proevost 79 5 Constitutive Modeling and Soil-Structure Interaction C. S. Desai 103 6 Rock Mass Behaviour and Its Mathematical Modelling K. KovaY'i 145 CHAPTER II - FINITE ELEMENTS TECHNIQUES 165 1 Numerical Analysis of Shallow Foundations I. M. Smith 167 2 Numerical Analysis of Deep Foundations 187 I. M. Smith CONTENTS 3 Finite Element Analysis of Coupled Deformation and Fluid Flow in Porous Media 203 Ranbir S. Sandhu 4 Finite Elements and Slope Stability 229 D. J. Naylor CHAPTER III - MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING METHODS 245 1 Plastic Analysis in Geomechanics by Mathematical Programming John MUnro 247 2 Optimization Methods for Parametric Identification of Geotechnical Systems G. Maier and G. Gioda 273 3 Embankments and Slopes by Mathematical Programming J. B. Martins 305 CHAPTER IV - BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNIQUES 335 1 Fundamentals of Boundary Elements C. A. Brebbia 337 2 Boundary Elements in Groundwater Flow Problems L. C. Wrobel and C. A. Brebbia 355 3 Boundary Element Formulation to Solve No-Tension Problems in Geomechanics W. S. Venturini and C. A. Brebbia 375 4 Elastoplastic Analysis Using Boundary Elements J. C. F. Telles and C. A.

Features Introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers, and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness. Outlines a path from idea to practical implementation of scientific and technological innovation. Contains more than 380 illustrations and numerous end-of-chapter exercises.

Reliability, Maintainability and Risk: Practical Methods for Engineers, Tenth Edition has taught reliability and safety engineers techniques to minimize process design, operation defects and failures for over 40 years. For beginners, the book provides tactics on how to avoid pitfalls in this complex and wide field. For experts in the field, well-described, realistic and illustrative examples and case studies add new insights and assistance. The author uses his more than 40 years of experience to create a comprehensive and detailed guide to the field, while also providing an excellent description of reliability and risk computation concepts. The book is organized into many parts, covering reliability parameters and costs, the history of reliability and safety technology, a cost-effective approach to quality, reliability and safety, how to interpret failure rates, a focus on the prediction of reliability and risk, a discussion of design and assurance techniques, and much more.

Processing audio in the spectral domain has become a practical proposition for a variety of applications in computer music, composition, and sound design, making it an area of significant interest for musicians, programmers, sound designers, and researchers. While spectral processing has been explored already from a variety of perspectives, previous approaches tended to be piecemeal: some dealt with signal processing details, others with a high-level music technology discussion of techniques, some more compositionally focused, and others at music/audio programming concerns. As author Victor Lazzarini argues, the existing literature has made a good footprint in the area but has failed to integrate these various approaches within spectral audio. In Spectral Sound Design: A Computational Approach, Lazzarini provides an antidote. Spectral Sound Design: A Computational Approach gives authors a set of practical tools to implement processing techniques and algorithms in a balanced way, covering application aspects as well the fundamental theory that underpins them, within the context of contemporary and electronic music practice. The book employs a mix of Python for prototyping and Csound for deployment and music programming. The tight integration of these three languages as well as the wide scope offered by the combination (going from embedded to supercomputing, and including web-based and mobile applications) makes it the go-to resource to deal with the practical aspects of the subject.

Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Fluid- Structure Interaction in Ocean Engineering, held in Hamburg, July 23-26, 2007.

The study of gravity driven water waves interacting with fixed or freely floating objects is an active and important field of research in ocean engineering. The accurate prediction of large amplitude ship motions or of marine structures in severe seas is still a delicate problem in the field of fluid-structure interaction. While three-dimensional panel methods have reached the state of maturity in linear sea-keeping analysis, the original problem, governed by strongly nonlinear boundary conditions, is far from being solved efficiently. The principal nonlinearities are associated with the variable wetted surface of the ship hull or the floating body and with the nonlinear hydrodynamic conditions on the free surface. Moreover, marine structures often must be modelled as multibody systems rather than a single body. This causes additional problems due to wave slamming on floating and fixed structures. Furthermore, problems such as coupled structural behavior of submerged or floating systems as well as various wind effects have to be considered for the proper design of offshore systems.

This book collects contributions from leading scientists working on the following topics: Ocean waves, probabilistic models of sea waves, fluid-loading on structures including pipes, cables, drill-strings etc., behavior of floating systems, stability and capsizing of ships, coupled structural behavior, sloshing in tanks, CFD validation and verification.

This publication presents the proceedings of ICPMSE-3, the third international conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from the Low Earth Orbit Space Environment, held in Toronto April 25-26, 1996. The conference was hosted and organized by Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc, (ITL), and held at the University of Toronto's Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS), where ITL is located. Twenty industrial companies, seven wliversities and eight government agencies from Canada, USA, United Kingdom, France, Israel, Russia, Ukraine and the Netherlands were represented by over 55 participants indicating increasing international co-operation in this critical arena of protection of materials in space. Twenty-five speakers, world experts in their fields, delivered talks on a wide variety of topics on various aspects of material protection in space, Representatives from the Canadian, American, European and Israeli space agencies as well as from leading space research laboratories of major aerospace industries gathered at UTIAS to discuss the latest developments in the field of material and structure protection from the harsh space environment, These proceedings are organized into four sections: a) AONOV and Radiation Effects on Materials and Structures in the Leo Space Environment; b) Interaction of Matter with the LEO Environment; c) Large Scale Coating Process Developments for Protection in LEO; d) Synthesis and Modification of Materials and Surfaces for Protection in LEO, This is the third in our on-going series of bi-annual international space materials conferences wllich began in 1992 in Toronto. Jacob Kleiman, Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc.

By outlining a new design or the Kuroshio power plant, new approaches to turbine design, anchorage system planning, deep sea marine engineering and power plant operations and maintenance are explored and suggested. The impact on the local environment, particularly in the face of natural disasters, is also considered to provide a well rounded introduction to plan and build a 30MW pilot power plant. Following a literature review, the six chapters of this book propose a conceptual design by focusing on the plant's core technologies and establish the separate analysis logics for turbine design and the relay platforms. This is tempered against the ecological impact of both the construction and operation of the plant. These proposed technologies and plans can be further applied to power generation in other waters such as the Gulf Stream, the East Australian Current the Humboldt Current and the East Africa Coastal Current. Engineers, students and industry professionals are provided with a solid introduction to power plant technology as well as a design with specific real world applications

Nowhere is the conflict between economic progress and environmental quality more apparent than in the mineral extraction industries. The latter half of the 20th century saw major advances in the reclamation technologies. However, mine water pollution problems have not been addressed. In many cases, polluted mine water long outlives the life of the mining operation. As the true cost of long-term water treatment responsibilities has become apparent, interest has grown in the technologies that would decrease the production of contaminated water and make its treatment less costly. This is the first book to address the mine water issue head-on. The authors explain the complexities of mine water pollution by reviewing the hydrogeological context of its formation, and provide an up-to-date presentation of prevention and treatment technologies. The book will be a valuable reference for all professionals who encounter polluted mine water on a regular or occasional basis.

Key features: Complete introductory overview of cosmic ray physics Covers the origins, acceleration, transport mechanisms and detection of these particles Mathematical and technical detail is kept separate from the main text

To understand what we know and be aware of what is to be known has become the central focus in the treatment of engineering data handling issues. It has been some time since we began treating issues arriving from engineering data handling in a low key fashion because of its housekeeping chores and data maintenance aspects representing nonglamorous issues related to automation. Since the advent of CAD/CAM, large numbers of data bases have been generated through stand alone CAD systems and the rate of this automated means of generating data is rapidly increasing. This possibly is the key factor in changing our way of looking at engineering data related problems. This volume contains some of the papers, including revisions, which were presented at the fourth Automation Technology conference held in Monterey, California. This volume represents ATI's efforts to bring forth some of the important case studies related to engineering data handling from the user's point of view. Because of its potential enormous impact on management and productivity advancement, careful documentation and coordination for outstanding contributions to this area are of utmost importance. This volume may serve as a precursor to additional volumes in the area of engineering data handling and CAD/CAM related user studies. Anyone with comments or suggestions, as well as potential contributors, to this series, is encouraged to contact the editorial board of AT .

Maritime markets have shown strong global growth in recent years and are expected to grow further in the coming decades. Waterborne transport is economically and environmentally a highly sustainable mode of transport. Maritime Industry, Ocean Engineering and Coastal Resources brings together a selection of papers reflecting a number of fundamental areas of Ocean Engineering and Coastal Resources, such as Marine Environment, Ship and Offshore Design, Building and Maintenance Technology, Maritime Transportation, Port Operation and Exploitation, Offshore Oil and Gas Exploitation, Nautical Activities and Marinas, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Maritime Safety and Protection of the Environment. This book will be invaluable to professionals, scientists, and engineers working in Marine Technology and Engineering, Naval Architecture, Maritime Industry, Ocean Engineering and Coastal Resources.

This textbook was inspired by an undergraduate elective course given on virtual organizations and technology. The instructor could not find a suitable text that covered both the organizational and technological aspects including examples based on today's industry. Other books were either too strategic or too technical for an audience of undergraduate business and technology students who were to use the book. But why was that the case? For the same reason that business and IT people in industry tended not to speak the same "language": indeed, the integration of technology into business strategy has been a recent occurrence, and traditional strategy issues have been decided too high in the organizational structure while technology was too detailed in tactical implementation. With the Internet and the advent of e-commerce, m-commerce, and c-commerce (and the other letters of the alphabet soon to follow), business and technology finally started to become closer, and the interest in technology as an enabler for strategic business decision-making evolved into a mainstream concept. How are we defining a virtual organization? Most definitions of the concept of virtual organizations start with stating that it is "a network between organisations or individuals . . . ". The Oxford Concise Dictionary defines 'virtual' as: "that is such/or practical purposes, though not in name or according to a strict definition. " An organization may be thought of as a number of individuals systematically united for some end or work.

SUBTECH '93 features subjects as varied as contracting strategies through to hearing loss in divers. The latest developments in underwater intervention technology include presentation on remotely operated vehicles, manned submersible operations and a record-breaking simulated deep dive. Medical and physical areas of diving operations are addressed, together with operational and safety aspects. This, the sixth in the series of the jointly organised events by AODC/SUT, brings topicality, safety and economic issues to the forefront.

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition discusses key topics dealing with the evolution and interaction through time of Earth's crust, mantle, core, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It addresses the questions of why Earth is unique among planets of the solar system, and how the various subsystems in the planet have interacted over 4.6 billion years in the habitable planet that we live on. This new edition includes over 100 new pages of material, data, and images and is a key reference for students and researchers in Earth and planetary sciences. Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition includes new material that has become available since the third edition, including new sections on the Mid-lithosphere discontinuity, geoneutrinos, mantle oxidation, continental emergence, Earth cycles (new chapter) and recycling processes, the evolution of Earth from a stagnant lid to a plate tectonic regime, the controversy over how the continents have grown, when plate tectonics began, and exoplanets.

Water is one of the world's threatened resources: it is also a substance of importance in Geology. For some years I have felt the need for a book that sets out the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, written for geologists rather than engineers. The efforts to repair my own deficiencies in this respect led me along various unfamiliar paths, few of which were unrewarding. This book is the result of my journeys through the literature and as a geologist in several parts of the world. It has been written for students of geology of all ages, in the simplest terms possible, and it has one objective: to provide a basis for an understanding of the mechanical role of water in geology. It has not been written for experts in ground water hydrology, or specialists in the fluid aspects of structural geology: it has been written for geologists like me who are not very good mathematicians, so that we can take water better into account in our normal geological work, whatever it might be. The fundamentals apply equally to mineralization, geochemistry, and vulcanology although they have not been specifically mentioned. It has also been written for the university student of geology so that he or she may start a career with some appreciation of the importance of water, and understanding of its movement."