This book summarizes comprehensively many recent technical research accomplishments in the area of flame retardant research. It presents mainly flame retardant studies of polymer blends, composites and nano composites such as rubber, thermosets and thermoplastics. This book discusses different types of flame retardant using in polymers especially nano composites, as well as the role and chemistry. Leading researchers from industry, academy, government and private research institutions across the globe contribute to this book. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in research and development will benefit from an application-oriented book that helps them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems.

Composites have many engineering advantages over traditional materials, including increased strength, lightness, chemical resistance, and more, making them ideal for use in high performance components in a range of applications from aerospace to construction, and medicine to consumer goods. However, the use of composites also drastically increases material and processing costs.

Multi-functionality combines multiple properties - such as thermal stability or electrical conductivity - into a single material to make it suitable for use in applications for which normally two or more materials would be required. By embedding a material with lightweight circuitry, for example, you can eliminate support chassis, enclosures, brackets and insulation materials not only saving weight and volume, but eliminating design and production costs for every part no longer needed.

Multi-functionality also allows for smart materials, including self-healing material, shape-memory polymers and piezoelectric materials.

Bringing together contributions from experts in the field of multifunctionality, this book presents the state-of-the-art in this exciting and rapidly developing field. It enables engineers and materials scientists to achieve multi-functionality in their own products, using different types of polymer matrices and various nano- and micro-sized fillers and reinforcements, including but not limited to carbon nanotubes and graphene.

The latest developments in a wide range of applications, including automotive/aerospace, electronics, construction and medicine are covered, and future trends are also discussed, making this book an essential reference for any researcher or engineer hoping to stay ahead of the curve in this high-potential area
Increase capability and efficiency by integrating new functionality into composite components
Save mass, volume and costs by replacing multiple existing parts with one multifunctional material.
Expert insight into the effects of different fillers and reinforcements, to achieve exciting new combinations of material properties."

'Recent Advances in Elastomeric Nanocomposites' reviews the recent progresses in the synthesis, processing as well as applications of elastomeric nanocomposites. Elastomers are a very important class of polymer materials and the generation of their nanocomposites by the incorporation of nano-filler has led to significant enhancement of their properties and, hence, expansion of their application potential. Most of the studies related with these materials are present in the form of research papers. Here, the authors present a comprehensive text covering the whole of the subject. The book is tailored more from the applications point of view, but also provide enough introductory material for research scholars new to this field.

This book gives an overview of recent developments in the synthesis of macromolecules for water purification applications. The preparation of these polymers from organic and inorganic starting materials is described. Important post-polymerization modifications, introduction of functional groups and production of supramolecular assemblies and nanomaterials are shown. The synthesized materials are presented with their interesting properties and broad areas of applications. A comprehensive discussion about the engineering aspect and the usage in water treatment as well as environmental issues is given. The wide variety of materials and their synthesis techniques will encourage scientists in developing new synthesis routes and materials, whereby engineers will be encouraged to find new possible applications.

Polypropylene, The Definitive User's Guide and Databook presents in a single volume a panoramic and up-to-the-minute user's guide for today's most important thermoplastic. The book examines every aspect - science, technology, engineering, properties, design, processing, applications - of the continuing development and use of polypropylene. The unique treatment means that specialists can not only find what they want but for the first time can relate to and understand the needs and requirements of others in the product development chain. The entire work is underpinned by very extensive collections of property data that allow the reader to put the information to real industrial and commercial use.

Despite the preeminence and unrivaled versatility of polypropylene as a thermoplastic material to manufacture, relatively few books have been devoted to its study. Polypropylene, The Definitive User's Guide and Data book not only fills the gap, but breaks new ground in doing so.

Polypropylene is the most popular thermoplastic in use today, and still one of the fastest growing. Polypropylene, The Definitive User's Guide and Databook is the complete workbook and reference resource for all those who work with the material. Its comprehensive scope uniquely caters to polymer scientists, plastics engineers, processing technologists, product designers, machinery and mold makers, product managers, end users, researchers and students alike.

Fillers are added to materials such as plastics and composites to reduce costs and to improve and modify the properties of the material. Key sectors using fillers include plastics, rubber, paints, adhesives and paper, with the global fillers market valued at about $35 billion. Recent developments in the field of nanoparticles have led to a range of new fillers, covered for the first time in the 3e of this classic data handbook.

"Handbook of Fillers, 3e, " contains information based on the analysis of over 3,500 research papers, mostly published from 1994 to 2009 (more than half were published after the 2e), technical data received from over 200 filler manufacturers and equipment manufacturing, and relevant patent literature.
Essential reference material for engineers and scientists using fillers in industry sectors, including plastics, rubber, paints, adhesives and paperA definitive data handbook covering the spectrum of fillers on the market today3eincorporates the latest developments, including nanofillers"

Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.

Cellular plastics or plastic foams, also referred to as expanded or sponge plastics, generally consist of a minimum of two phases, a solid-polymer matrix and a gaseous phase derived from a blowing agent. The solid-polymer phase may be either inorganic, organic or organometallic. There may be more than one solid phase present, which can be composed of polymer alloys or polymer blends based on two or more polymers, or which can be in the form of interpenetrating polymer networks (I PNs) which consist of at least two crosslinked polymer networks, or a pseudo- or semi-1 PN formed from a combination of at least one or more linear polymers with crosslinked polymers not linked by means of covalent bonds.

Other solid phases may be present in the foam in the form of fillers, either fibrous or other shaped fillers which may be of inorganic origin, e.g., glass, ceramic or metallic, or they may be polymeric in nature. Foams may be flexible or rigid, depending upon whether their glass- transition temperatures are below or above room temperature, which, in turn, depends upon their chemical composition, degree of crystallanity, and degree of crosslinking. Intermediate between flexible and rigid foams are semi-rigid or semi- flexible foams. The cell geometry, i.e., open vs. closed cell, size and shape, greatly affect the foam properties.

This book is intended to be a source of practical up-to-date information on all types of plastic foams (cellular plastics) in current use, including the newer structural plastic foams. Elastomeric (rubber-like) foams are also considered. The book is intended primarily for those who require a nontheoretical, authoritative, easy-to-use handbook in the subjectarea. It should be of value to materials engineers, plastics fabricators, chemists, chemical engineers, and students. Recognized authorities have written several chapters and parts of chapters in their fields of expertise.

The book is organized in such a way that information on a desired subject can be found rapidly. An unusual feature is a comprehensive listing of all known standardization documents (test methods, practices, and specifications), including some international standards. Each document includes a brief description of its contents.

The book series 'Polymer Nano-, Micro- and Macrocomposites' provides complete and comprehensive information on all important
aspects of polymer composite research and development, including, but not limited to synthesis, filler modification, modeling,
characterization as well as application and commercialization issues. Each book focuses on a particular topic and gives a balanced in-depth overview of the respective subfi eld of polymer composite science and its relation to industrial applications. With the books the readers obtain dedicated resources with information relevant to their research, thereby helping to save time and money.
This book lays the theoretical foundations and emphasizes the close connection between theory and experiment to optimize models
and real-life procedures for the various stages of polymer composite development. As such, it covers quantum-mechanical approaches to
understand the chemical processes on an atomistic level, molecular mechanics simulations to predict the filler surface dynamics, finite
element methods to investigate the macro-mechanical behavior, and thermodynamic models to assess the temperature stability. The whole is
rounded off by a look at multiscale models that can simulate properties at various length and time scales in one go - and with predictive
accuracy.

Polymere sind eine beeindruckend vielseitige Gruppe von makromolekularen Verbindungen und sind aus der heutigen Zeit nicht mehr wegzudenken. Es gibt wenige naturwissenschaftliche Bereiche, in denen so grosse Fortschritte gemacht worden sind wie in der Polymerforschung; zukunftige Moglichkeiten beflugeln eine rasant wachsende Industrie. Da uberall auf der Welt intensiv an Polymeren geforscht und gearbeitet wird, ist es notwendig, in der internationalen Kommunikation keine sprachlichen Missverstandnisse aufkommen zu lassen; dazu will das -Worterbuch Polymerwissenschaften- einen Beitrag leisten, indem es den wichtigsten Wortschatz 12 500 Begriffe in jeder Sprachrichtung: Englisch und Deutsch in klarer ubersichtlicher Weise gegenuber stellt. Eine ausfuhrliche Akronym-Liste der wichtigsten Polymere erganzt dieses handliche und nutzliche Referenzwerk. Ein unentbehrliches Handwerkszeug fur Chemiker, Physiker und Ingenieure in Forschung, Industrie und Lehre.

Polymers are an impressively diverse and versatile group of macromolecular compounds contributing significantly to progress and well-being in modern society. In this "era of polymers" the present enormous pace of new developments coupled with an unimaginable potential in polymer science is creating an exciting stimulation of a rapidly growing industry. International communication in the field of polymers requires an efficient use of the according terminology. This means the need of consulting according sources especially dictionaries. This -Polymer Science Dictionary- with some 12,500 terms in both languages, German and English, is an attempt to serving the growing community of chemists, physicists, and engineers in research, academia, and industry involved with polymers. A detailed list of acronyms of the most important polymers adds to this overall handy and useful ready-reference. An indispensable tool for anyone working in the field of polymers."

This monograph is a follow-up material to the first FRRPP book by Gerard Caneba in 2009. It includes additional conceptual results, implementation of the FRRPP process in emulsion media to produce various block copolymers, and other FRRPP-related supplementary topics. Conceptual topics include the application of the quantitative analysis presented in the first FRRPP monograph for the occurrence of the FRRPP process to the polysterene-styrene-ether (PS-S-Ether) and poly(methacrylic acid)-methacrylic acid-water (PMAA-MAA-Water) systems, as well as extensions through unsteady state analysis of the occurrence of flat temperature profiles. Also, the generalization of the quantitative analysis is done to consider molecular weight effects, especially based on changes of the phase envelope to an hourglass type. Topics in implementation of the FRRPP process from pre-emulsions of monomers and the solvent/precipitant are highlighted. Additional FRRPP topics are included in this monograph that pertain to more recent efforts of Gerard Caneba, such as oil spill control, oil dispersant system, and caustic sludge remediation from emulsion-based FRRPP materials, hydrolysis of vinyl acetate-acrylic acid-based copolymers, and other polymer modification studies from FRRPP-based emulsions. "

This book focuses on starch polymers including starch genetics, biotechnological and chemical modification, nanostructures, processing, characterization, properties and applications. This books topic is in a cutting edge and emerging technology area of biomaterials, nanomaterials and renewable materials, and will involve international experts in diverse fields from genetic engineering to applications.
Focuses on cutting edge applications of starch polymers, including starch genetics and RheologyContains working examples and provides real problems and solutions in the area of biomaterials, nanomaterials, and renewable materialsProvides systematic and in-depth coverage and critical assessment of all starch properties and applications from top scientists in the industry

Adopting an integrated approach, this book covers experiments, theory, and emerging applications. In the first part surfaces are described that change from flat to either a random corrugated or to a well-structured structure, while the second part deals with those surface structures integrated in the coating surface where the structures change their shape or dimension when addressed by an external trigger. A variety of materials are addressed, including liquid crystal polymers, hydrogels, hard acrylates, and soft silicones. The whole is rounded off by a discussion of various applications, including surface controlled flows in microfluidic systems. Of interest to chemists and engineers, researchers in industry and academia, as well as those working in the paint industry and hydrodynamics.

This consolidated reference book addresses the various aspects of nano biomaterials used in ophthalmic drug delivery, including their characterization, interactions with ophthalmic system and applications in treatments of the ophthalmic diseases and disorders. In the last decade, a significant growth in polymer sciences, nanotechnology and biotechnology has resulted in the development of new nano- and bioengineered nano-bio-materials. These are extensively explored as drug delivery carriers as well as for implantable devices and scaffolds. At the interface between nanomaterials and biological systems, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science concerned with the safe use of nanotechnology and nano material design for biological applications. For this field to evolve, there is a need to understand the dynamic forces and molecular components that shape these interactions. While it is impossible to describe with certainty all the bio physicochemical interactions at play at the interface, we are at a point where the pockets of assembled knowledge are providing a conceptual framework to guide this exploration, and review the impact on future product development. The book is intended as a valuable resource for academics and pharmaceutical scientists working in the field of polymers, polymers materials for drug delivery, drug delivery systems and ophthalmic drug delivery systems, in addition to medical and health care professionals in these areas.

Service Life Prediction of Polymeric Materials: Global Perspectives combines developed content derived from topics discussed in the Fourth International Symposium on Service Life Prediction (Key Largo, Florida, December 2006). This critical examination of the existing and alternative methodologies used to assess the service life of polymeric materials presents readers with the advances in accelerated and field exposure testing protocols. Written by established experts in the service life community, this volume introduces advanced methods, including high throughput and combinatorial analyses, models data collection and storage formats.

Researchers and engineers involved with materials and polymer science, coatings technologists and automotive materials will find Service Life Prediction of Polymeric Materials: Global Perspectives a useful tool.

Innovative textile materials are used for numerous applications. Understanding the properties of such materials is imperative to ensure proper utilization. Emergent Research on Polymeric and Composite Materials is an essential reference work featuring the latest scholarly research on the synthesis, characterizations, and physico-chemical properties of textile materials. Including coverage on a range of topics such as nanomaterials, ceramics, and clays, this book is ideally designed for researchers, academicians, industries, and students seeking current research on emerging developments and applications of polymeric and composite materials.

The Physics of Polymers presents the elements of this important segment of material science, focusing on concepts above experimental techniques and theoretical methods. Written for graduate students of physics, material science and chemical engineering and for researchers working with polymers in academia and industry, the book introduces and discusses the basic phenomena which lead to the peculiar physical properties of polymeric systems. The revised and expanded Third Edition includes a new chapter dealing with conjugated polymers, explaining the physical basis of the characteristic electro-optic response, and the spectacular electrical conduction properties of conjugated polymers created by doping.

This volume explores the latest developments in the area of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) used for high-temperature fuel cells. Featuring contributions from an international array of researchers, it presents a unified viewpoint on the operating principles of fuel cells, various methodologies used for the fabrication of PEMs, and issues related to the chemical and mechanical stabilities of the membranes. Special attention is given to the fabrication of electrospun nanocomposite membranes. The editors have consciously placed an emphasis on developments in the area of fast-growing and promising PEM materials obtained via hygroscopic inorganic fillers, solid proton conductors, heterocyclic solvents, ionic liquids, anhydrous H3PO4 blends, and heteropolyacids. This book is intended for fuel cell researchers and students who are interested in a deeper understanding of the organic-inorganic membranes used in fuel cells, membrane fabrication methodologies, properties and clean energy applications.

As semiconductor manufacturers implement copper conductors in advanced interconnect schemes, research and development efforts shift toward the selection of an insulator that can take maximum advantage of the lower power and faster signal propagation allowed by copper interconnects. One of the main challenges to integrating a low-dielectric constant (low-kappa) insulator as a replacement for silicon dioxide is the behavior of such materials during the chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) process used in Damascene patterning. Low-kappa dielectrics tend to be softer and less chemically reactive than silicon dioxide, providing significant challenges to successful removal and planarization of such materials.

The focus of this book is to merge the complex CMP models and mechanisms that have evolved in the past decade with recent experimental results with copper and low-kappa CMP to develop a comprehensive mechanism for low- and high-removal-rate processes. The result is a more in-depth look into the fundamental reaction kinetics that alter, selectively consume, and ultimately planarize a multi-material structure during Damascene patterning.