Are the past participial forms that occur in passive and perfect periphrases substantially identical or should they rather be distinguished into accidentally homophonous passive and perfect(ive) participles? This book discusses the long-standing mystery of past participial (non-)identity on the basis of a broad range of synchronic data from Germanic and Romance, eventually focussing on German and English as these draw the most relevant distinctions (e.g. auxiliary alternation, a passive auxiliary that is not BE). Together with some contrastive insights from Slavic as well as the diachrony of passive and perfect periphrases, this clearly points to an identity-view. The novel approach that is laid out suggests that past participles conflate diathetic and aspectual properties. The former cause the suppression of an external argument, whereas the latter impose event-structure sensitive perfectivity, which only induces the completion of a situation if the underlying eventuality denotes a simple change of state. An approach along these lines sheds light on the intricate properties of past participles and the auxiliaries they occur with, the determinants of auxiliary selection as well as the interplay of argument and event structure.

Based on a rich set of historical data, this book traces the development of pragmatic markers in English, from hwaet in Old English and whilom in Middle English to whatever and I'm just saying in present-day English. Laurel J. Brinton carefully maps the syntactic origins and development of these forms, and critically examines postulated unilineal pathways, such as from adverb to conjunction to discourse marker, or from main clause to parenthetical. The book sets case studies within a larger examination of the development of pragmatic markers as instances of grammaticalization or pragmaticalization. The characteristics of pragmatic markers - as primarily oral, syntactically optional, sentence-external, grammatically indeterminate elements - are revised in the context of scholarship on pragmatic markers over the last thirty or more years.

In der Arbeit werden Grundzuge einer semantischen Frame-Theorie erarbeitet und im ubergeordneten Zusammenhang einer holistischen Sprachtheorie diskutiert. Ausgangspunkt bildet die Annahme, dass sich Strukturen semantischen Wissens mittels Frames linguistisch genau beschreiben lassen. Frames sind konzeptuelle Wissenseinheiten, die zur Bedeutungserfassung aus dem Gedachtnis abgerufen werden. Zu wissen, was ein Ausdruck bedeutet und wie er zu verwenden ist, heisst, uber einen Frame zu "verfugen", der mit dem Ausdruck konventionell assoziiert ist. In sprachtheoretischer Hinsicht ist die Arbeit als ein Pladoyer fur eine konzeptualistische Semantiktheorie zu verstehen, die sich konzeptionell an der Kognitiven Grammatik und Konstruktionsgrammatik orientiert. Ausgehend von Fillmores Vorschlag, Frames als kognitive Organisationsstrukturen sowie als analytische Werkzeuge zu begreifen, wird der integrative Charakter der entwickelten Theorie an vielen sprachlichen Phanomenen (wie Metaphern, Prasuppositionen, diskurssemantischen Grundfiguren, indirekten Anaphern, Referenz, Pradikation) demonstriert. Der diskursanalytische Nutzen zeigt sich zudem in einer Korpusanalyse zur Metapher "Finanzinvestoren als Heuschrecken".

An exploration of English pragmatics with a thorough integration of theoretical and experimental research A central goal of pragmatics is to identify the capabilities that underpin our ability to communicate 'non-literal' meanings. Guiding students through the many facets of English pragmatics, this textbook discusses the ways in which people successfully convey and recover meanings that are not simply associated with the combinations of words that they use. The book draws on a broad range of data, including psycholinguistic experimentation, studies of acquisition and corpus research, and uses real examples from English to illuminate contemporary debates in pragmatics and related fields. With exercises and discussion topics at the end of each chapter, it invites students to explore how pragmatic meaning can be explained in theoretical terms and contemplate whether these explanations command empirical support.

Ausgangspunkt fur diesen Band ist der Terrorismus als weltweit prominentes Thema in Printmedien. Die Autorin arbeitet Veranderungen der diskursiven Konstruktion dieses Themas wahrend vier ausgewahlter Untersuchungszeitpunkte heraus. Sie zeigt, dass die unterschiedlichen politischen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturell-philosophischen Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland und China die diskursive Konstruktion von Terrorismus beeinflussen. Die Analysen illustrieren, wie solche Zusammenhange, Entwicklungen und Divergenzen durch eine korpusbasierte Diskursanalyse sichtbar gemacht werden koennen. Mit ihren statistikbasierten Methoden und anhand der grossen Datenmengen gewinnt die Autorin eine neue Perspektive auf das Thema Terrorismus und erweitert das Methodenrepertoire der Diskursanalyse.

Fur die individuelle und gesamtgesellschaftliche Wissenskommunikation, d.h. den kommunikativ vermittelten Transfer sprachlich gefassten Wissens, haben sich durch die allumfassende Digitalisierung die Bedingungsgefuge in vielfacher Hinsicht verandert. Neue technisch-mediale Rahmenbedingungen, diversifizierte und flexibilisierte Textsorten und Interaktionstypen sowie undurchsichtige Akteurs-Konstellationen lassen eine ganze Reihe neuer wissenskommunikativer Erscheinungsformen entstehen, die trotz ihrer grossen alltaglichen Bedeutung erst in Ansatzen beschrieben sind. Der Sammelband dokumentiert sprach- und transferwissenschaftliche Perspektiven auf diesen multidisziplinar im Fokus stehenden Gegenstandsbereich.

La habilidad para comprender y producir textos adecuados en las distintas situaciones comunicativas es una competencia cultural clave en la sociedad actual del conocimiento. El presente volumen colectivo auna didactica y linguistica para explorar la complejidad textual y la competencia textual en la ensenanza del espanol como lengua extranjera. Los estudios interdiciplinares revelan que el encuentro con textos de lengua extranjera, en un entorno intercultural, fomenta la competencia textual para que leer sea tambien comprender.

Das Buch prasentiert Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeit aus vielen Bereichen der germanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Ein gemeinsamer Nenner ist die Verwendung der deutschen Sprache in Kommunikation, im DaF-Unterricht, in Erinnerungskultur mit ihren semantischen Phanomenen, sowie unter pragmatischem Aspekt. Eroertert werden Fragestellungen zu parlamentarischen Zwischenrufen, Funktionsverbgefugen in den Online-Zeitungen, der DDR-Geschichte und ihrer Rezeption, zur Hoeflichkeit unter den Studenten von heute, zu Phrasemen im modernen Fremdsprachenunterricht, semantischen Relationen in Komposita anhand von deutscher Kuche bis hin zu bevor- und ehe-Subjunktoren sowie Zeitverlaufsstrukturen.

In diesem Buch wird die germanistische Aktionsartforschung nachhaltig bereichert und entscheidend vorangetrieben. Zum ersten Mal erfahren Aktionsarten eine allumfassende Behandlung, indem sie sowohl im klassifikatorischen Sinne als Gliederung der Verben nach dem zeitlichen Geschehensablauf und damit nach der Ereignisstruktur als auch im morphologischen Sinne als motivierte Derivate, die von unprafigierten Basisverben abgeleitet sind, aufgefasst werden. Das Buch zeigt nicht nur die Unzulanglichkeiten der traditionellen Vendlerschen Verbklassifikation auf und beseitigt diese, sondern gewahrt daruber hinaus auch einen tiefen Einblick in das bislang wohl ungeahnte semantische Leistungsvermoegen verbaler Prafixe.

Intime OEffentlichkeiten pragen unseren Alltag. Sei es in sozialen Netzwerken, in Radio und Fernsehen oder in Buchform: Das zuweilen sehr persoenliche Erzahlen aus dem eigenen Leben ist popular. Doch wie kommt hierbei Intimitat zustande? Exemplarisch an drei Erzahlformaten aus dem Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen zeigt die Studie auf, wie und mit welchen Funktionen Intimitat in der Interaktion kommunikativ angezeigt bzw. hergestellt wird. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf ihrer narrativen Durchformung, zu der ein Mix an Erzahlmustern ebenso zahlt wie ein grundsatzliches Spiel mit Sichtbarkeiten. Kulturwissenschaftlich eingebettet, leistet die vorliegende Positionierungsanalyse von Selbstthematisierungen in oeffentlich-medialen Kontexten einen Beitrag zur Debatte um Privatheit und OEffentlichkeit und bietet mit einem narrativen Verstandnis von Intimitat eine Grundlage fur deren Erforschung in weiteren Zusammenhangen.

This book steers a middle course between two opposing conceptions that currently dominate the field of semantics, the logical and cognitive approaches. Patrick Duffley brings to light the inadequacies of both of these frameworks, arguing that linguistic semantics must be based on the linguistic sign itself and on the meaning that it conveys across the full range of its uses. The book offers 12 case studies that demonstrate the explanatory power of a sign-based semantics, dealing with topics such as complementation with aspectual and causative verbs, control and raising, wh- words, full-verb inversion, and existential-there constructions. It calls for a radical revision of the semantics/pragmatics interface, proposing that the dividing line be drawn between content that is linguistically encoded and content that is not encoded but still communicated. While traditional linguistic analysis often places meaning at the level of the sentence or construction, this volume argues that meaning belongs at the lower level of linguistic items, where the linguistic sign is stored in a stable, permanent, and direct relation with its meaning outside of any particular context. Building linguistic analysis from the ground up in this way provides it with a more solid foundation and increases its explanatory power.

Das Buch liefert ein Modell fur die Analyse schriftbasierter Positionierungen. Am Beispiel von Englischlehrwerken, die in der Zeit von 1760 bis 1841 fur Sprecher/-innen des Deutschen erschienen sind, werden Handlungsoptionen der Produzierenden vorgestellt. Positionierungen zeigen sich in Form sprachlicher und typographischer Verfahren zur Signalisierung, Anbahnung und Aufrechterhaltung eines produzenten- und publikumsseitigen Engagements. Zudem umfassen sie Prozesse der Verortung von Personen im sozialen Gefuge und den Einsatz argumentativer Muster zur Kauf- und Nutzenuberzeugung. Die Positionierungsanalyse gibt Einblick in Sichtweisen, die im historischen Kulturraum Englischunterricht dominant waren und teils heute noch kommuniziert werden.

La problematique de l'interpretation, entendue comme un processus dynamique de la lecture ou comme une reception creative de la production verbale de l'homme, interesse depuis des decennies toute science concentree sur la langue et la culture, surtout la linguistique et la recherche en litterature. Le present ouvrage recueille des textes qui abordent la problematique eponyme sous des angles differents, employant des outils methodologiques varies, propres aussi bien a la linguistique qu'a la recherche en litterature, a la didactique ou a l'analyse semiotique au sens large. Cette panoplie d'approches temoigne de ce que le terme d'interpretation lui-meme se laisse soumettre a une interpretation multiple - multiple au sens positif, impliquant une diversite d'acceptions creative.

Le volume reunit les diverses recherches presentees lors du XIeme Colloque International d'Argotologie de Leipzig 2017 par des specialistes de litterature, linguistique et pedagogie de divers pays - Allemagne, Espagne, France, Hongrie, Pologne, Republique tcheque, Roumanie, Russie et Slovenie. Ils constituent un ensemble d'informations a propos de la maniere, selon laquelle on parle de la nourriture, de la preparation des aliments, de la cuisine, de la gastronomie, ainsi que de l'action de manger en langue officielle, administrative, voire en langue standard, mais aussi en langue populaire et argotique. Ils permettent de comprendre quelles sont les fonctions exercees, lorsque l'on choisit un registre particulier de langue pour parler de nourritures diverses et de l'action de manger.

Este libro presenta un estudio contrastivo de las figuras retoricas de orden semantico mas prominentemente empleadas en tres corpus de notas periodisticas deportivas, uno en espanol, otro en frances y otro en ingles. El estudio determina las semejanzas y diferencias respecto de metaforas, metonimias e hiperboles explotadas por los periodistas deportivos en los tres corpus antes referidos. Por un lado, las metonimias evidencian la habilidad del periodista para redactar un texto coherente con multiples anaforas y cataforas. Por otro lado, las metaforas expresan conceptos deportivos mediante terminos que pertenecen a diversos campos semanticos. Por ultimo, las hiperboles describen imagenes inverosimiles que producen en el lector diversos sentimientos.

How do we learn what it means to be a man? And how do we learn to question what it means to be a man? This collection comprises a set of original interdisciplinary chapters on the linguistic and cultural representations of queer masculinities in a range of new and older media: television, film, online forums, news reporting, advertising and fiction. This innovative work examines new and emerging forms of gender hybridisation in relation to complex socialisation and immigration contexts including the role of EU institutions in ascertaining asylum seekers' sexual orientation, and the European laws on gender policy. The book employs numerous analytical approaches including critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, multimodal analysis, literary criticism and anthropological and social research. The authors show how such texts can disrupt, question or complicate traditional notions of what it means to be a man, queering the idea that men possess fixed identities or desires, instead arguing that masculinity is constantly changing and negotiated through the cultural and political overlapping contexts in which it is regularly produced. These nuanced analyses will bring fresh insights for students and scholars of gender, masculinity and queer studies, linguistics, anthropology and semiotics.

This book offers an interactionist perspective on theories of public representation, knowledge and immigration in museum institutions. Examining how a Franco-German museum exhibition represents immigrants and exposes public stereotypes, the analysis follows the process of the production and reception of the exhibition as it travelled from Paris to Berlin. The author proposes a microsociological contextualisation analysis integrating discourse analysis and ethnography to compare formats of museum work, social interaction in the exhibition and mass media debates. Visitor reception of the different exhibition versions reveals the symbolic nature of interactions in museums, for example concerning conflicting political voices and accusations of censorship. Depending on the institutional context, interactions in the museums are geared towards securing immigrants a place in national collective memory, towards carrying out debate on integration, or providing opportunities for personal encounters and reflection beyond national categorisation. This book will appeal to students and researchers interested in work on the intersection of sociology, cultural studies, and discursive psychology, in methods of discourse analysis and ethnography; and to practitioners working in museums.

Rechtstexte sind keine Einzelereignisse. Sie entstehen in standardisierten Situationen und sind durch Vorgepragtheit auf mehreren Ebenen gekennzeichnet. Die Autorin des Buches setzt sich zum Ziel, Rechtexte in den sie insbesondere auszeichnenden Merkmalen der Vorgepragtheit und Konventionalisierung zu zeigen. Den Hauptgenstand der Untersuchung stellen dabei rechtssprachliche Fachphraseologismen, die als eine bedeutende Komponente der ausdrucksseitigen Formelhaftigkeit der deutschen und polnischen Rechtstexte dargestellt werden.

This book challenges prevailing linguistic presumptions concerning contextual lexical meaning by examining whether pedagogic intervention targeted at raising Chinese EFL learners' awareness of the pragmatic nature of contextual lexical meaning can enhance the learners' contextual lexical inferencing competence (CLIC). CLIC is crucial to the development of a learners' vocabulary, reading ability and autonomy in reading. Through an empirical study conducted among a group of adult Chinese students of English, the author shows that the power of CLIC instruction lies mainly in its effectiveness in enhancing learners' self-confidence in making lexical inferences. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of applied linguistics, TESOL, language education, and for language professionals keen to extend their research experience.

Cet ouvrage est le second de deux volumes publies a la suite de la troisieme edition du colloque international Les ideologies linguistiques dans la presse ecrite: l'exemple des langues romanes (ILPE 3), tenue a l'Universite d'Alicante en octobre 2017. Il reunit 15 articles qui abordent, sous divers angles, la question des ideologies linguistiques vehiculees dans la presse de langue francaise et italienne. Questo libro e il secondo di due volumi pubblicati in seguito alla terza edizione del colloquio internazionale La mediazione di ideologie linguistiche attraverso la stampa: il caso delle lingue romanze (ILPE 3), tenutosi presso l'Universita di Alicante nell'ottobre 2017. Raccoglie 15 contributi che affrontano, da angolazioni diverse, temi relativi alle ideologie linguistiche veicolate dalla stampa francese e italiana.

This volume provides the most comprehensive treatment of phonological weight to date, bringing together traditional notions of categorical, rime-based weight and new developments in statistical prosodic phonology. The book demonstrates that while some systems treat weight as a simple (heavy vs. light) distinction, others treat it as a rich continuum of heaviness. Following an introduction to weight-sensitive systems in phonology, Kevin Ryan explores the range of phenomena that interact with prosodic weight. Chapters examine the analysis of scales in terms of prominence rather than moraic coercion; prosodic minimality in the context of larger prosodic constituents; syllable weight in metrics; and the relationship between prosodic end-weight and stress. Throughout, the analysis is based on a survey of weight systems both within and across the world's languages, which yields a number of valuable generalizations and points towards a universal theory of weight in human language.

In legal interpretation, where does meaning come from? Law is made from language, yet law, unlike other language-related disciplines, has not so far experienced its "pragmatic turn" towards inference and the construction of meaning. This book investigates to what extent a pragmatically based view of l linguistic and legal interpretation can lead to new theoretical views for law and, in addition, to practical consequences in legal decision-making. With its traditional emphasis on the letter of the law and the immutable stability of a text as legal foundation, law has been slow to take the pragmatic perspective: namely, the language-user 's experience and activity in making meaning. More accustomed to literal than to pragmatic notions of meaning, that is, in the text rather than constructed by speakers and hearers the disciplines of law may be culturally resistant to the pragmatic turn. By bringing together the different but complementary perspectives of pragmaticians and lawyers, this book addresses the issue of to what extent legal meaning can be productively analysed as deriving from resources beyond the text, beyond the letter of the law. This collection re-visits the feasibility of the notion of literal meaning for legal interpretation and, at the same time, the feasibility of pragmatic meaning for law. Can explications of pragmatic meaning support court actions in the same way concepts of literal meaning have traditionally supported statutory interpretations and court judgements? What are the consequences of a user-based view of language for the law, in both its practices of interpretation and its definition of itself as a field? Readers will find in this collection means of approaching such questions, and promising routes for inquiry into the genre- and field-specific characteristics of inference in law. In many respects, the problem of literal vs. pragmatic meaning confined to the text vs. reaching beyond it will appear to parallel the dichotomy in law between textualism and intentionalism. There are indeed illuminating connections between the pair of linguistic terms and the more publicly controversial legal ones. But the parallel is not exact, and the linguistic dichotomy is in any case anterior to the legal one. Even as linguistic-pragmatic investigation may serve legal domains, the legal questions themselves point back to central conditions of all linguistic meaning.

This innovative edited collection presents new insights into emerging debates around digital communication practices. It brings together research by leading international experts to examine methods and approaches, multimodality, face and identity, across five thematically organised sections. Its contributors revise current paradigms in view of past, present, and future research and analyse how users deploy the wealth of multimodal resources afforded by digital technologies to undertake tasks and to enact identity. In its concluding section it identifies the ideologies that underpin the construction of digital texts in the social world. This important contribution to digital discourse studies will have interdisciplinary appeal across the fields of linguistics, socio-linguistics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, gender studies, multimodality, media and communication studies.

This volume addresses the intriguing issue of indirect reports from an interdisciplinary perspective. The contributors include philosophers, theoretical linguists, socio-pragmaticians, and cognitive scientists. The book is divided into four sections following the provenance of the authors. Combining the voices from leading and emerging authors in the field, it offers a detailed picture of indirect reports in the world's languages and their significance for theoretical linguistics. Building on the previous book on indirect reports in this series, this volume adds an empirical and cross-linguistic approach that covers an impressive range of languages, such as Cantonese, Japanese, Hebrew, Persian, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan, Armenian, Italian, English, Hungarian, German, Rumanian, and Basque.