Das Buch liefert ein Modell fur die Analyse schriftbasierter Positionierungen. Am Beispiel von Englischlehrwerken, die in der Zeit von 1760 bis 1841 fur Sprecher/-innen des Deutschen erschienen sind, werden Handlungsoptionen der Produzierenden vorgestellt. Positionierungen zeigen sich in Form sprachlicher und typographischer Verfahren zur Signalisierung, Anbahnung und Aufrechterhaltung eines produzenten- und publikumsseitigen Engagements. Zudem umfassen sie Prozesse der Verortung von Personen im sozialen Gefuge und den Einsatz argumentativer Muster zur Kauf- und Nutzenuberzeugung. Die Positionierungsanalyse gibt Einblick in Sichtweisen, die im historischen Kulturraum Englischunterricht dominant waren und teils heute noch kommuniziert werden.

La problematique de l'interpretation, entendue comme un processus dynamique de la lecture ou comme une reception creative de la production verbale de l'homme, interesse depuis des decennies toute science concentree sur la langue et la culture, surtout la linguistique et la recherche en litterature. Le present ouvrage recueille des textes qui abordent la problematique eponyme sous des angles differents, employant des outils methodologiques varies, propres aussi bien a la linguistique qu'a la recherche en litterature, a la didactique ou a l'analyse semiotique au sens large. Cette panoplie d'approches temoigne de ce que le terme d'interpretation lui-meme se laisse soumettre a une interpretation multiple - multiple au sens positif, impliquant une diversite d'acceptions creative.

Le volume reunit les diverses recherches presentees lors du XIeme Colloque International d'Argotologie de Leipzig 2017 par des specialistes de litterature, linguistique et pedagogie de divers pays - Allemagne, Espagne, France, Hongrie, Pologne, Republique tcheque, Roumanie, Russie et Slovenie. Ils constituent un ensemble d'informations a propos de la maniere, selon laquelle on parle de la nourriture, de la preparation des aliments, de la cuisine, de la gastronomie, ainsi que de l'action de manger en langue officielle, administrative, voire en langue standard, mais aussi en langue populaire et argotique. Ils permettent de comprendre quelles sont les fonctions exercees, lorsque l'on choisit un registre particulier de langue pour parler de nourritures diverses et de l'action de manger.

Este libro presenta un estudio contrastivo de las figuras retoricas de orden semantico mas prominentemente empleadas en tres corpus de notas periodisticas deportivas, uno en espanol, otro en frances y otro en ingles. El estudio determina las semejanzas y diferencias respecto de metaforas, metonimias e hiperboles explotadas por los periodistas deportivos en los tres corpus antes referidos. Por un lado, las metonimias evidencian la habilidad del periodista para redactar un texto coherente con multiples anaforas y cataforas. Por otro lado, las metaforas expresan conceptos deportivos mediante terminos que pertenecen a diversos campos semanticos. Por ultimo, las hiperboles describen imagenes inverosimiles que producen en el lector diversos sentimientos.

How do we learn what it means to be a man? And how do we learn to question what it means to be a man? This collection comprises a set of original interdisciplinary chapters on the linguistic and cultural representations of queer masculinities in a range of new and older media: television, film, online forums, news reporting, advertising and fiction. This innovative work examines new and emerging forms of gender hybridisation in relation to complex socialisation and immigration contexts including the role of EU institutions in ascertaining asylum seekers' sexual orientation, and the European laws on gender policy. The book employs numerous analytical approaches including critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, multimodal analysis, literary criticism and anthropological and social research. The authors show how such texts can disrupt, question or complicate traditional notions of what it means to be a man, queering the idea that men possess fixed identities or desires, instead arguing that masculinity is constantly changing and negotiated through the cultural and political overlapping contexts in which it is regularly produced. These nuanced analyses will bring fresh insights for students and scholars of gender, masculinity and queer studies, linguistics, anthropology and semiotics.

This book offers an interactionist perspective on theories of public representation, knowledge and immigration in museum institutions. Examining how a Franco-German museum exhibition represents immigrants and exposes public stereotypes, the analysis follows the process of the production and reception of the exhibition as it travelled from Paris to Berlin. The author proposes a microsociological contextualisation analysis integrating discourse analysis and ethnography to compare formats of museum work, social interaction in the exhibition and mass media debates. Visitor reception of the different exhibition versions reveals the symbolic nature of interactions in museums, for example concerning conflicting political voices and accusations of censorship. Depending on the institutional context, interactions in the museums are geared towards securing immigrants a place in national collective memory, towards carrying out debate on integration, or providing opportunities for personal encounters and reflection beyond national categorisation. This book will appeal to students and researchers interested in work on the intersection of sociology, cultural studies, and discursive psychology, in methods of discourse analysis and ethnography; and to practitioners working in museums.

Rechtstexte sind keine Einzelereignisse. Sie entstehen in standardisierten Situationen und sind durch Vorgepragtheit auf mehreren Ebenen gekennzeichnet. Die Autorin des Buches setzt sich zum Ziel, Rechtexte in den sie insbesondere auszeichnenden Merkmalen der Vorgepragtheit und Konventionalisierung zu zeigen. Den Hauptgenstand der Untersuchung stellen dabei rechtssprachliche Fachphraseologismen, die als eine bedeutende Komponente der ausdrucksseitigen Formelhaftigkeit der deutschen und polnischen Rechtstexte dargestellt werden.

En articulant les questions de variation, de plurilinguisme, d'evaluation et d'authenticite, cet ouvrage nourrit des debats actuels en francais langue etrangere (FLE) et en didactique des langues. Pour le FLE en particulier, l'enjeu consiste a envisager la langue en contexte et en contact, la francophonie se presentant comme un espace d'appropriation du francais marque par la variation et le plurilinguisme, qu'il s'agit de didactiser. Le processus de didactisation interpelle alors les modalites d'evaluation et, en amont, la constitution meme du corpus a enseigner et son rapport avec une certaine authenticite. Cet ouvrage interessera les linguistes, les didacticiens et les enseignants, qui y trouveront des eclairages theoriques originaux et des propositions innovantes pour le travail en classe.

This book challenges prevailing linguistic presumptions concerning contextual lexical meaning by examining whether pedagogic intervention targeted at raising Chinese EFL learners' awareness of the pragmatic nature of contextual lexical meaning can enhance the learners' contextual lexical inferencing competence (CLIC). CLIC is crucial to the development of a learners' vocabulary, reading ability and autonomy in reading. Through an empirical study conducted among a group of adult Chinese students of English, the author shows that the power of CLIC instruction lies mainly in its effectiveness in enhancing learners' self-confidence in making lexical inferences. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of applied linguistics, TESOL, language education, and for language professionals keen to extend their research experience.

Cet ouvrage est le second de deux volumes publies a la suite de la troisieme edition du colloque international Les ideologies linguistiques dans la presse ecrite: l'exemple des langues romanes (ILPE 3), tenue a l'Universite d'Alicante en octobre 2017. Il reunit 15 articles qui abordent, sous divers angles, la question des ideologies linguistiques vehiculees dans la presse de langue francaise et italienne. Questo libro e il secondo di due volumi pubblicati in seguito alla terza edizione del colloquio internazionale La mediazione di ideologie linguistiche attraverso la stampa: il caso delle lingue romanze (ILPE 3), tenutosi presso l'Universita di Alicante nell'ottobre 2017. Raccoglie 15 contributi che affrontano, da angolazioni diverse, temi relativi alle ideologie linguistiche veicolate dalla stampa francese e italiana.

This innovative edited collection presents new insights into emerging debates around digital communication practices. It brings together research by leading international experts to examine methods and approaches, multimodality, face and identity, across five thematically organised sections. Its contributors revise current paradigms in view of past, present, and future research and analyse how users deploy the wealth of multimodal resources afforded by digital technologies to undertake tasks and to enact identity. In its concluding section it identifies the ideologies that underpin the construction of digital texts in the social world. This important contribution to digital discourse studies will have interdisciplinary appeal across the fields of linguistics, socio-linguistics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, gender studies, multimodality, media and communication studies.

This volume addresses the intriguing issue of indirect reports from an interdisciplinary perspective. The contributors include philosophers, theoretical linguists, socio-pragmaticians, and cognitive scientists. The book is divided into four sections following the provenance of the authors. Combining the voices from leading and emerging authors in the field, it offers a detailed picture of indirect reports in the world's languages and their significance for theoretical linguistics. Building on the previous book on indirect reports in this series, this volume adds an empirical and cross-linguistic approach that covers an impressive range of languages, such as Cantonese, Japanese, Hebrew, Persian, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan, Armenian, Italian, English, Hungarian, German, Rumanian, and Basque.

This volume is the first to focus specifically on experimental studies of the semantics of gradability, scale structure and vagueness. It presents support for and challenges to current formal analyses of these phenomena in view of experimentally collected data, highlighting the ways semantic and pragmatic theory can benefit from experimental methodologies. The papers in the volume contribute to an explicit and detailed account of the use, representation, and online processing of gradable and vague expressions using various kinds of controlled speaker judgment tasks, eye tracking, and ERP. The aim is to strengthen the foundations of experimental semantics and promote interaction between linguists, psycholinguists, psychologists, and philosophers who are interested in the semantics of natural language. Using data representing different languages and a variety of nominal and adjectival constructions, including degree modification and comparatives, the contributions address scale-based classifications of gradable predicates, such as the absolute vs. relative distinction; the nature of the standards for applicability of gradable expressions and the ways in which standards are determined; the nature of dimensions and multidimensionality in the meaning of scalar expressions; and the role of embodiment, subjectivity, and sociolinguistic considerations in the use and understanding of gradable expressions.

De l'approximation... se preoccupe de certains aspects de l'une des expressions les plus dynamiques du vague, l'approximation. Elle emprunte plusieurs identites discursives a partir de l'indetermination, passant par l'hesitation, l'attenuation, certaines formes de l'ellipse, tout ce qui se caracterise par une valeur imprecise de leur contenu semantique et discursif. Trois axes principaux representent le liant de cette demarche: identification, analyse, contrastivite. L'identification des sources et des moyens d'expression de l'approximation attire l'analyse des mecanismes de productions de ce phenomene, mis en action par divers operateurs logico-semantiques et pragmatico-discursifs divers effacer. On commence ainsi dans l'a peu pres francais pour finir dans cam a'sa ceva roumain. Contrastivement, l'approximation categorielle de meme que l'approximation predicative analysees sur un corpus roumain se miroitent premierement dans le francais, et ensuite dans l'espagnol et l'italien.

Rooted in the performative of Speech Act Theory, this interdisciplinary study crafts a new model to compare the work we do with words when we protest: across genres, from different geographies and languages. Rich with illustrative examples from Turkey, U.S., West Germany, Romania, Guatemala, Great Britain, and Northern Ireland, it examines the language of protest (chants, songs, poetry and prose) with an innovative use of analytical tools that will advance current theory. Operating at the intersection of linguistic pragmatics and critical discourse analysis this book provides fresh insights on interdisciplinary topics including power, identity, legitimacy and the Social Contract. In doing so it will appeal to students and scholars of sociolinguistics, pragmatics and critical discourse analysis, in addition to researchers working in sociology, political science, discourse, cultural and communication studies.

This book offers a linguistic-semantic analysis of the expression 'Eastern Europe' in international English-language media discourse and academic discourse. Interdisciplinary in nature, it provides insights beyond semantics and lexicology, commenting on the politics, history, economy and culture of the region. Its thorough analysis of 'Eastern Europe' as a linguistic entity, surrounded and affected by other linguistic entities, allows for a systematic description of the term's linguistic 'behaviour' in specialist written discourse. The author measures the 'quantity' and 'quality' of 'Eastern Europe' in specialist discourse, painting a holistic picture of how it appears in English-language quality texts published in the last twenty-five years. This book will appeal to students and scholars of cognitive linguistics, semantics, lexicology and lexicography, and to specialists working on history, political theory and international relations as they relate to Eastern Europe.

Der Sammelband geht der Frage nach, inwiefern in massenmedialen Kontexten neue Emotionskulturen zum Tragen kommen. Die Beitrage untersuchen, wie Emotionen verbal und mit anderen Zeichen hervorgebracht oder neu verhandelt werden und welche soziopragmatischen oder diskursiven Effekte dies hat. Im Zentrum steht damit einerseits die Analyse der Medialitat des Emotionsdisplays, andererseits die Frage nach medial emergierenden Emotionskulturen: Sind neue sprachliche und andere soziale Praktiken der Emotionalisierung zu beobachten? Der Band vereinigt kulturanalytisch-medienlinguistische Analysen zu Emotionsdarstellungen in digitaler Kommunikation (Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Selbsthilfeplattformen), aber auch im Fernsehen (Talkshows, Wissensdokus) und in der Medialitat der Handschriftlichkeit. Dabei werden Phanomene wie Hatespeech und Shitstorms auf Facebook und Twitter ebenso untersucht wie Fan-Trauer auf Twitter, Fussball-Livetweets und Emotionalisierungen in YouTube-Videos, Online-Selbsthilfegruppen, TV-Wissensdokus oder in der Fernsehrezeption in Social Media.

This book deals with synchronic variation in Chinese through a diachronic lens, based on the evidence from a quantitative, longitudinal corpus study. Departing from the traditional analysis in diachronic changes in Chinese linguistics, the cognitive constructionist approach employed in this book is able to capture incremental changes by combining syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Topics such as word order, focus, scopes of quantifiers, information structure, and negation have been important issues in linguistics, but they are rarely integrated as a whole. The book makes their diachronic interactions available to the students and researchers in the fields of general and Chinese linguistics.

This open access book provides new methodological and theoretical insights into temporal reference and its linguistic expression, from a cross-linguistic experimental corpus pragmatics approach. Verbal tenses, in general, and more specifically the categories of tense, grammatical and lexical aspect are treated as cohesion ties contributing to the temporal coherence of a discourse, as well as to the cognitive temporal coherence of the mental representations built in the language comprehension process. As such, it investigates the phenomenon of temporal reference at the interface between corpus linguistics, theoretical linguistics and pragmatics, experimental pragmatics, psycholinguistics, natural language processing and machine translation.

This volume explores the nature of ellipsis, the core phenomenon that results in various types of omission in sentences. The chapters adopt the popular 'silent structure' accounts of ellipsis, and investigate the question of when linguistic material becomes silenced during the derivation and realization of syntactic structure. The book begins with a detailed introduction from the editors that outlines the current generative syntactic approaches to the derivational timing of ellipsis. In the chapters that follow, internationally-recognized experts in the field address key topics including structure building, the architecture of grammar, the interaction of distinct modules with syntax, the order of operations in the post-syntactic component, and constraints on binding relations. The authors also present novel arguments for and against the derivational approaches to ellipsis, the licensing of ellipsis, and phonological constraints on elliptical sentences. The findings, based on data from English and other languages such as Armenian, Italo-Romance, Ossetic, Spanish, Taiwanese, and Turkish, facilitate a deeper understanding of the interaction between syntax and the neighbouring modules in the formation of elliptical utterances.

This is the first volume to present individual chapters on the full range of developmental and acquired pragmatic disorders in children and adults. In chapters that are accessible to students and researchers as well as clinicians, this volume introduces the reader to the different types of pragmatic disorders found in clinical populations as diverse as autism spectrum disorder, traumatic brain injury and right hemisphere language disorder. The volume also moves beyond these well-established populations to include conditions such as congenital visual impairment and non-Alzheimer dementias, in which there are also pragmatic impairments. Through the use of conversational and linguistic data, the reader can see how pragmatic disorders impact on the communication skills of the clients who have them. The assessment and treatment of pragmatic disorders are examined, and chapters also address recent developments in the neuroanatomical and cognitive bases of these disorders.

This monograph presents the result of the authors' scientific research on the development of cognitive discursive approach to issues of intercultural professional and business communication (IPBC) and the study of the language of professional communication, the links binding the language with non-linguistic and extralinguistic realia in the framework of cognitive linguistics, as well as oral and written communication in intercultural professional business discourse. The authors proceed from the assumption that IPBC can only reach maximum efficiency provided that its participants assimilate its inherent norms and rules and are able to skillfully implement these norms and rules to verbalise their cognitive activity in the sphere of professional business interaction. Topics covered include: analysis of the theory of business communication, of codified and uncodified vocabulary, theory of euphemy, and euphemisms used in intercultural professional and business communication.

This book discusses developments in the study of implicatures and presuppositions, drawing on recent linguistic and psycholinguistic literature. It provides original discussions of specific formal aspects of the theoretical reconstruction of these phenomena. The authors offer innovative experimental analyses in which crucial processing questions are addressed, and new experimental methodologies are introduced. The result is an advanced debate featuring broad empirical coverage of the issues, as well as an informed discussion of the connections between a Compositional Semantics and a Pragmatic Theory of Implicit Communication, in light of the empirical data coming from Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics. This book will be a worthwhile read for those with interests in both the formal and methodological aspects of these arguments.

This volume presents articles that focus on the application of formal models in the study of language in a variety of innovative ways, and is dedicated to Jacques Moeschler, professor at University of Geneva, to mark the occasion of his 60th birthday. The contributions, by seasoned and budding linguists of all different linguistic backgrounds, reflect Jacques Moeschler's diverse and visionary research over the years. The book contains three parts. The first part shows how different formal models can be applied to the analysis of such diverse problems as the syntax, semantics and pragmatics of tense, aspect and deictic expressions, syntax and pragmatics of quantifiers and semantics and pragmatics of connectives and negation. The second part presents the application of formal models to the treatment of cognitive issues related to the use of language, and in particular, demonstrating cognitive accounts of different types of human interactions, the context in utterance interpretation (salience, inferential comprehension processes), figurative uses of language (irony pretence), the role of syntax in Theory of Mind in autism and the analysis of the aesthetics of nature. Finally, the third part addresses computational and corpus-based approaches to natural language for investigating language variation, language universals and discourse related issues. This volume will be of great interest to syntacticians, pragmaticians, computer scientists, semanticians and psycholinguists.