This book provides a comprehensive resource and thorough treatment in the latest development of Digital RF Memory (DRFM) technology and their key role in maintaining dominance over the electromagnetic spectrum. Part I discusses the use of advanced technology to design transceivers for spectrum sensing using unmanned systems to dominate the electromagnetic spectrum. Part II uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to enable modern spectrum sensing and detection signal processing for electronic support and electronic attack. Another key contribution is examination of counter-DRFM techniques. DRFM and transceiver design details and examples are provided along with the MATLAB software allowing the reader to construct their own embedded DRFM transceivers for unmanned systems. It examines the design trade-offs in developing multiple, structured, false target synthesis DRFM architectures and aids in developing counter-DRFM techniques and distinguish false target from real ones. Written by an expert in the field, and including MATLAB (TM) design software, this is the only comprehensive book written on the subject of DRFM.

Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar covers bistatic SAR in a comprehensive way, presenting theory, method and techniques, as well as the most recent research and near-future applications. The book begins with imaging principles and characteristics of monostatic SAR, moving on to common and novel problems before presenting theories, methods and experimental system design. The title presents the design of experimental systems, research results and experimental verification. It gives key knowledge from a leading research group, including one of the earliest bistatic side-looking SAR experiments and the first bistatic forward-looking SAR experiment in the world that used two aircraft. Six chapters cover imaging theory, imaging algorithms, parameter estimation, motion compensation, synchronization and experimental verification. The book describes physical concepts simply and clearly and provides concise mathematical derivations.

The development of radar has been one of the most successful direct applications of physics ever attempted, and then implemented and applied at large scale. Certain watchwords of radar engineering have underpinned many of the developments of the past 80 years and remain potential avenues for improvement. For example, 'Narrow beams are good', 'Fast detection is good', 'Agility is good', and 'Clutter is bad'. All these statements of merit are true. The underlying principles for all these statements are the laws of physics, and they provide support for current radar designs. However, each of these statements is really a design choice, rather than their necessary consequence. This book shows that under the physical laws and with modern data processing, staring radar offers a new direction of travel. The process of detection and tracking can be updated through persistent signal discovery and target analysis, without losses in sensitivity, and while delivering detailed information on target dynamics and classification. The first part of the book introduces various forms of staring radar, which include the earliest and simplest forms of electromagnetic surveillance and its users. The next step is to summarise the physical laws under which all radar operates, and the requirements that these systems need or will need to meet to fulfil a range of applications. We are then able to be specific about the technology needed to implement staring radar.

Research in the domain of radar signal understanding has seen interesting advances in recent years, mainly due to the developments around cognitive radar and the use of modern machine learning algorithms. This book brings together these strands of research into a coherent and holistic picture, presenting a consolidated approach to understanding radar signals. The book begins with an introduction, which provides some historical and philosophical context to developing methodologies for understanding radar signals, introduces new techniques, and outlines the book's approach to the topic. The book is then divided into three parts: the first focusing on statistical and conventional methods for interpreting radar data; the second addressing compressed sensing and cognitive methods for understanding radar data; and the third covering machine learning methods for understanding radar and remote sensing data. New Methodologies for Understanding Radar Data provides a complete, systematic guide to this multi-faceted topic for advanced researchers and professionals in radar engineering and signal processing.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a powerful sensing technology widely used for the non-destructive assessment of a variety of structures with different properties including dimensions, electrical properties, and moisture. After an introduction to the underlying concepts, this book guides the reader through the development and use of a GPR system, with an emphasis on the parameters that can be optimized, the theory behind assessment, and a coherent methodology to obtain results from a measured or simulated GPR signal. The authors then embark on a detailed discussion of support tools and numerical modelling techniques that can be applied to improve readings from GPR systems. Ground Penetrating Radar is of interest to engineers, scientists, researchers and professionals working in the fields of ground penetrating radar, non-destructive testing, geoscience and remote sensing, antennas and propagation, microwaves, electromagnetics and imaging. It will also be of use to professionals and academics in the fields of electrical, mechanical, sensing, and civil engineering as well as material science and archaeology concerned with quality control and fault analysis.

This book gives you an in-depth look into the critical function of interference shielding for onboard radar of anti-aircraft missile systems. Intended for radar engineers and technicians specializing in anti-aircraft defense, the book reviews today's military and geo-political threats, helps you understand the functional needs of the various radar and anti-missile systems to meet those threats, and synthesizes considerations for devising practical and effective protection against interferences that affect the homing heads of anti-aircraft guided missiles. Three problematic interferences are presented and discussed in detail: polarization interference; interference to the sidelobe of onboard antennas; and interference from two points in space, including interference reflected from the earth (water) surface. The book covers the basic principles of radiolocation, including monopulse radars, and gives insight into the fundamental functional units of anti-aircraft missiles and surface-to-air missile systems. The book presents guidance methods, systems of direction finding, problems on firing over the horizon, and questions of accuracy and resolution - all important for better addressing solutions of interference shielding. You will learn how to estimate the stability of target auto-tracking under conditions of cited interferences, and better assess existing limitations on firing over the horizon by a long-range antiaircraft system, as well as hypersonic targets and satellites. This is a unique and valuable resource for engineers and technicians who are involved in the design and development of anti-aircraft guided missile systems, with special emphasis on interference immunity and protection. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced radar technology coursework and seminars.

Ultra-Wideband Surveillance Radar is an emerging technology for detecting and characterizing targets and cultural features for military and geosciences applications. To characterize objects near and under severe clutter, it is necessary to have fine range and cross range resolution. The resultant wide bandwidth classifies the systems as ultra-wideband, requiring special treatment in system technology and frequency allocation. This book explores several UWB surveillance radar prototypes, including Hostile Weapons Locator System (HOWLS), Multibeam Modular Surveillance Radar (MMSR), and geoscience synthetic aperture radar (GeoSAR). These prototype radars illustrated the early development of multi-mode capabilities leading to modern radar systems. Based on the results of these prototypes and recent radar technology publications a novel multi-mode, multi-channel radar is presented and analysed. The book begins with a history of airborne surveillance radar, then goes on to provide systematic and detailed coverage of the following topics and technologies: surveillance radar detection; surveillance radar modes; UWB antennas; ultra-Wideband SAR processing; interferometric radar modes; UWB ground moving target detection; UWB spectrum compliance; and UWB multimode operation. The first book to cover these new capabilities, this is an important reference for radar engineers, especially those working in geosciences and military applications. It is also relevant to academic and advanced engineering researchers developing new radar technologies and algorithms for image processing, as well as the advanced electromagnetics research community.

This book introduces advanced sparsity-driven models and methods and their applications in radar tasks such as detection, imaging and classification. Compressed sensing (CS) is one of the most active topics in the signal processing area. By exploiting and promoting the sparsity of the signals of interest, CS offers a new framework for reducing data without compromising the performance of signal recovery, or for enhancing resolution without increasing measurements. An introductory chapter outlines the fundamentals of sparse signal recovery. The following topics are then systematically and comprehensively addressed: hybrid greedy pursuit algorithms for enhancing radar imaging quality; two-level block sparsity model for multi-channel radar signals; parametric sparse representation for radar imaging with model uncertainty; Poisson-disk sampling for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging; when advanced sparse models meet coarsely quantized radar data; sparsity-aware micro-Doppler analysis for radar target classification; and distributed detection of sparse signals in radar networks via locally most powerful test. Finally, a concluding chapter summarises key points from the preceding chapters and offers concise perspectives. The book focuses on how to apply the CS-based models and algorithms to solve practical problems in radar, for the radar and signal processing research communities.

A vast array of ocean instrumentation has been developed for research purposes since the middle of the twentieth century, among which remote sensing technologies have become increasingly important. Within this class of instruments, high frequency (HF) surface and skywave radar, microwave marine radar and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-based radar have been successfully implemented in gathering information on large tracts of the ocean surface. This book provides a systematic introduction to the principles, state-of-the-art methods and applications of HF surface and sky wave radar, microwave marine radar and GNSS-based radar, as well as an exploration of ongoing challenges in the field. Ocean Remote Sensing Technologies: High frequency, marine and GNSS-based radar includes 23 chapters that are organized into three parts, mainly according to sensor types. The first part covers work related to HF radar, the second focusses on microwave marine radar, and the third concentrates on GNSS-based radar. Each part consists of an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the corresponding sensor, followed by chapters focussing on fundamental theory, specific applications, or advanced algorithm development. Each of the chapters is self-contained and readers should be aware that there may be across-chapter differences in symbols used for various parameters. The book is intended for a variety of readers in the radar and remotes sensing communities, and content has been selected with a range of interests and backgrounds in mind.

This expanded, revised and updated new edition of Introduction to RF Stealth covers two major topics: Low Observables and Low Probability of Intercept (LO and LPI) of radars and data links, collectively sometimes called Stealth. Each chapter includes examples, student exercises and references. Worked simulations are available that illustrate the techniques described. Chapter 1 provides an introduction and history of RF/microwave LPI/LO techniques and some basic LPI/LO equations, expanded from the first edition with more information on new and current systems, including more on infrared and hypersonic missile signatures. Chapter 2 is a new chapter, covering radiation absorbing materials and shaping, focused on materials, meta-materials and detailed platform shaping and structures including ships. Chapter 3 covers interceptability parameters and analysis with corrections, updates and simulations. Chapter 4 covers current and future intercept receivers and some of their limitations with more information and tracking techniques. Chapter 5 surveys exploitation of both the natural and the threat environment with extensive threat table updates including Russian S300, S400, S500 and more information on cellular systems. Chapter 6 deals with LPIS waveforms and pulse compression with new material and simulations of new codes. Chapter 7 introduces some hardware techniques associated with LO/LPIS low sidelobe / cross section antenna and radome design with emphasis on active electronic scan arrays. Chapter 8 is a new chapter on RCS testing of subsystems and platforms.

Radar is a key technology in the safety system of a modern vehicle. Automotive radars are the critical sensors in advanced driver-assistance systems, which are used in adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance, blind spot detection, lane change assistance, and parking assistance. The book covers all the modern radars used in automotive technology. A long-range radar mounted in the front of the vehicle is usually for adaptive cruise control. The medium range radars mounted in the front and rear provide wider coverage than the long-range radars and they can be used for cross traffic alert and lane change assistance. The corner mounted short range radars support parking aid, obstacle/pedestrian detection and blind spot monitoring. In real applications, these radars usually work together to provide more robust detection results. In this book, we also recognize that the future of automotive radars should not only address conventional exterior applications, but also play important roles for interior applications, such as gesture sensing for human-vehicle interaction and driver/passenger vital signs and presence monitoring. The book is aimed at those radar engineers who are working on automotive applications.

Human hands are natural tools for performing actions and gestures that interact with the physical world. Radar technology allows for touchless wireless gesture sensing by transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals to the target, analyzing the backscattering reflections to extract the target's movements, and thereby accurately detecting gestures for Human Computer Interaction (HCI). A key advantage of this technology is that it allows interaction with machines without any need to attach a sensing device to the hands. Led by researchers from Google's Project Soli, the authors introduce the concept and underpinning technology, cover all design phases, and provide researchers and professionals with the latest advances and innovations in microwave and millimeter wave radar sensing to capture relative movements such as micro gestures.

This book is a practitioner's guide to all aspects of pulse Doppler radar. It concentrates on airborne military radar systems since they are the most used, most complex, and most interesting of the pulse Doppler radars; however, ground-based and non-military systems are also included. It covers the fundamental science, signal processing, hardware issues, systems design and case studies of typical systems. It will be a useful resource for engineers of all types (hardware, software and systems), academics, post-graduate students, scientists in radar and radar electronic warfare sectors and military staff. Case studies add interest and credibility by illustrating how and where the ideas presented within the book work in real life. This book is an important reference providing complete and up-to-date coverage of a significant area of radar technology and is an important source for engineers and academics who lecture this subject. Key features include: Methods of selection of precise PRF values PRF schedule design Strategies to combat the ghosting problem Minimize range/velocity blindness and minimize dwell time Case studies on generic radar types such as airborne fire control radar, airborne early warningradar, active radar missile seekers and air defense radars

This authoritative new resource presents fundamentals of radar analysis including the range equation, detection theory, ambiguity functions, antennas, receivers, SP, and chaff analysis for modern radars. This book addresses details behind the detection probability equations and origins radar engineers commonly use to perform signal processor analyses. This book consolidates discussions of receiver design and analysis and treats areas of digital receivers not commonly found in other books. Packed with details on how to perform radar range equation and detection analyses, RCS modeling, ambiguity function generation and antenna pattern generation. This book also includes detailed analyses of coherent and non-coherent integration, design and analysis of analog and digital receivers, stretch processor implementation and SAR signal processor implementation. This resource also covers Basic STAP implementation and analysis as well as SLC design and implementation.This book is accompanied by a MATLAB on CD. This new resource is intended as a text for a series of courses in radar and as a theory and practice reference for practicing radar engineers.

Radar and Communication Spectrum Sharing addresses the growing conflict over use of the radio-frequency spectrum by different systems, such as civil and security applications of radar and consumer use for wireless communications. The increasing demand for this finite resource is driving innovation into new ways in which these diverse systems can cohabit the spectrum. The book provides a broad survey of recent and ongoing work on the topic of spectrum sharing, with an emphasis on identifying the technology gaps for practical realization and the regulatory and measurement compliance aspects of this problem space. The introductory section sets the scene, making the case for spectrum access and reviewing spectrum use, congestion, lessons learned, ways forward and research areas. The book then covers system engineering perspectives, the issues involved with addressing interference, and radar/communication co-design strategies. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this book is essential reading for researchers, engineers and advanced students in radar, communications, navigation, and electronic warfare whose work is impacted by spectrum engineering requirements.

This book provides an overview of radar waveform synthesis obtained as the result of computational optimization processes and covers the most challenging application fields. The book balances a practical point of view with a rigorous mathematical approach corroborated with a wealth of numerical study cases and some real experiments. Additionally, the book has a cross-disciplinary approach because it exploits cross-fertilization with the recent research and discoveries in optimization theory. The material of the book is organized into ten chapters, each one completed with a comprehensive list of references. The following topics are covered: recent advances of binary sequence designs and their applications; quadratic optimization for unimodular sequence synthesis and applications; a computational design of phase-only (possibly binary) sequences for radar systems; constrained radar code design for spectrally congested environments via quadratic optimization; robust transmit code and receive filter design for extended targets detection in clutter; optimizing radar transceiver for Doppler processing via non-convex programming; radar waveform design via the majorization-minimization framework; Lagrange programming neural network for radar waveform design; cognitive local ambiguity function shaping with spectral coexistence and experiments; and relative entropy based waveform design for MIMO radar. Targeted at an audience of radar engineers and researchers, this book provides thorough and up-to-date coverage of optimisation theory for radar waveform design.

Focusing on autonomous robotic applications, this cutting-edge resource offers a practical treatment of short-range radar processing for reliable object detection at the ground level. This unique book demonstrates probabilistic radar models and detection algorithms specifically for robotic land vehicles. Engineers and researchers may find detailed coverage of Simultaneous Localization and Map Building (SLAM) - an area referred to as the "Holy Grail" of autonomous robotics research.

When World War II started, there was a crisis in naval radar: few U.S. Navy ships had this vital weapon and almost no personnel were trained in the secret technology. For the first time, this crisis and its solution are fully covered in book form.

A comprehensive design guide for your digital processing work with today's complex receiver systems. Brand new material brings the reader up-to-date with the latest information on wideband electronic warfare receivers, the ADC testing procedure, frequency channelization and decoding schemes, and the operation of monobit receivers. The book explains how to effectively evaluate ADCs, offers insight on building electronic warfare receivers, and describes zero crossing techniques that are critical to new receiver design. From fundamental concepts and procedures to recent technology advances in digital receivers, it offers practical solutions to all demanding wideband receiver problems. This hands-on reference is packed with 1,103 equations and 315 illustrations that support key topics covered throughout the book.

This book presents novel research ideas and offers insights into radar system design, artificial intelligence and signal processing applications. Further, it proposes a new concept of antenna spatial polarization characteristics (SPC), suggesting that the antenna polarization is a function of the spatial direction and providing new ideas for radar signal processing (RSP) and anti-jamming. It also discusses the design of an advanced signal-processing algorithm, and proposes new polarimetric and anti-jamming methods using antenna inherent properties. The book helps readers discover the potential of radar information processing and improve its anti-interference and target identification ability. It is of interest to university researchers, radar engineers and graduate students in computer science and electronics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of RSP.

This text is a hands-on guide to time-frequency transforms for radar imaging and signal analysis. It explores more efficient ways to: extract dispersive scattering features; detect and extract weak signals in noise; form clear radar images; estimate parameters and perform motion compensation; detect and track moving targets in the synthetic aperture radar; and analyze vibration and rotation induced micro-Doppler. This resource introduces an image formation algorithm based on time-frequency-transforms, showing its advantage over the more conventional Fourier-based image formation. Referenced with over 170 equations and 80 illustrations, the book presents algorithms that help improve the result of radar imaging and signal processing. Moreover, the authors discuss future trends in time-frequency to analyze micro-Doppler, and provide a newly developed time-frequency approach to radar signal and image processing to help solve problems associated with conventional approaches.

Providing up-to-date information on sensors and tracking, this text presents practical, innovative design solutions for single and multiple sensor systems, as well as biomedical applications for automated cell motility study systems. It also discusses innovations and applications in multitarget tracking.